绒山羊关节炎-脑炎的病理组织学观察

2006年12月初,大庆某绒山羊养殖场发现,数只绒山羊羔出现跛足、运动失调和后肢麻痹、头痉挛,有时做转圈运动,确诊为山羊关节炎-脑炎。对脑组织、淋巴结和脾脏进行病理学观察发现:脑组织可见不对称性褐色-粉红色肿胀区并压迫邻近组织,有脑软化,淋巴结和脾脏稍肿大;同时,镜下可见脑脊髓炎,脑组织水肿神经细胞肿胀或萎缩,神经细胞与周围组织间隙增大;胞核肿胀或固缩;神经纤维有程度不等的脱髓鞘;毛细血管充血,有较多的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞浸润;脾脏可见白髓萎缩,少量细胞坏死;淋巴结中淋巴组织增生,有小灶状坏死。     

恒河猴免疫器官中肥大细胞的组织化学与电镜研究

应用甲苯胺蓝，阿尔辛蓝-藏红组化染色法和透射电镜观察表明，恒河猴胸腺，淋巴结和脾脏中的肥大细胞在形态，大小，染色特性和超微结构等方面存在异质性，胸腺实质和间质中的肥大细胞均为大小不一，形态多样，淋巴结和脾脏间质中的肥大细胞也为大小不一，形态多样；但其实质中的肥大细胞多呈小圆形，这些器官中的肥大细胞，甲苯胺蓝染色均表现出异染性；但阿尔辛蓝-藏红染色绝大多数呈蓝色（阿尔辛蓝阳性），偶见呈红色（藏红阳性）或红蓝混合色的（双阳性），电镜下，细胞表面光滑或有少许突起，胞质内含较丰富的细胞器，以及均质状高电子密度和中等电子密度的分泌颗粒。     

Lymphoma growth in vivo: electronic discrimination between tumor and stroma cells

Moloney lymphoma cells are larger than normal cells of mouse spleen, lymph-node, and thymus. Use of electronic cell-size anaylsis in conjunction with specific immunocytolysis permits difjerential counting of host and tumor cells. Increase of lymphoma cells occurs first in spleen and then in lymph nodes; in thymus it occurs only during the terminal stages of tumor growth.     

Involvement of sialic acid on endothelial cells in organ-specific lymphocyte recirculation

Mouse lymphocytes incubated on cryostat-cut sections of lymphoid organs (lymph nodes and Peyer's patches) specifically adhere to the endothelium of high endothelial venules (HEV), the specialized blood vessels to which recirculating lymphocytes attach as they migrate from the blood into the parenchyma of the lymphoid organs. Treatment of sections with sialidase eliminated the binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node HEV, had no effect on binding to Peyer's patch HEV, and had an intermediate effect on mesenteric lymph node HEV. These results suggest that sialic acid on endothelial cells may be an organ-specific recognition determinant for lymphocyte attachment.     

细胞角蛋白免疫组化染色对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断意义

目的 探讨细胞角蛋白(CK)免疫组化染色在判断胃癌淋巴结转移中的作用.方法 采用常规HE染色、CK免疫组化染色检测51例胃癌根治术患者的淋巴结转移情况.结果 51例胃癌中,HE、CK免疫组化染色发现淋巴结转移检出率分别为58.8%、80.3%;在送检的848个淋巴结中,HE、CK免疫组化染色显示淋巴结转移率分别为12....     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

The role of macrophages in particle translocation from lungs to lymph nodes

Red fluorescent and green fluorescent microspheres were instilled into separate but adjacent areas of dog lung lobes. After 7 days, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained both of the instilled areas contained many macrophages with all red or all green microspheres but rarely both. This indicates that the particles did not translocate passively and that lung macrophages phagocytized the microspheres in the lung and carried them to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. In addition, two populations of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM's), one that had phagocytized red microspheres in vivo and one that had phagocytized green microspheres, were lavaged from the lungs of dogs, mixed into one population, and instilled back into a previously unexposed lung lobe of the same dogs. As in the first experiment, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained the instilled area contained numerous macrophages with either all red or all green microspheres. This suggested that the instilled PAM's had migrated to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Thus, lung macrophages, including PAM's probably play a critical role in the induction of lung immunity and in protection from disease by determining particle translocation.     

猪卵巢子宫的淋巴流向探讨

对18例猪卵巢实质及子宫分层注射30％普鲁士蓝氯仿溶液,剖查各器官的淋巴流向．结果表明,左右两侧卵巢的集合淋巴管沿卵巢系膜向上汇集成束,分别注入同侧髂内淋巴结和子宫旁淋巴结;子宫角的集合淋巴管沿子宫阔韧带上行,注入同侧髂内淋巴结外侧组;子宫体的集合淋巴管沿子宫中动脉上行,主要注入髂内淋巴结外侧组,少数入荐淋巴结,但子宫体的集合淋巴管除注入同侧荐淋巴结外,尚有88.89％出现左右交叉现象,即44.44％左侧子宫体的淋巴管入右侧荐淋巴结,33.33％右侧子宫体的淋巴管入左侧荐淋巴结,11.11％左右两侧子宫体的淋巴管相互交叉入对侧荐淋巴结;子宫颈的集合淋巴管沿子宫中动脉入同侧髂内淋巴结外侧组,少数入荐淋巴结.     

Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional intratumor lymphatics

Lymphatic metastasis contributes to mortality from solid tumors. Whether metastasizing cancer cells reach lymph nodes via intratumor lymphatic vessels is unknown. Here, we examine functional lymphatics associated with mouse tumors expressing normal or elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a molecule that stimulates lymphangiogenesis. Although VEGF-C overexpression increased lymphatic surface area in the tumor margin and lymphatic metastasis, these tumors contained no functional lymphatics, as assessed by four independent functional assays and immunohistochemical staining. These findings suggest that the functional lymphatics in the tumor margin alone are sufficient for lymphatic metastasis and should be targeted therapeutically.     

Distribution of S-100 positive dendritic cells in bovine pharynx, tonsils, and retropharyngeal lymph nodes

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells. However, the distribution of bovine DCs in the pharynx, tonsil, and retropharyngeal lymph nodes has not yet been documented. To address this issue, immunohistochemistry was conducted using S-100 protein as a marker for DCs. It was observed that S-100 positive Langerhans cells (LCs) were primarily found in the basal layer of the pharyngeal epithelium. Some DCs were found in the outer layer of the epithelium and their dendrites extended out towards the epithelial surface. In the tonsil, S-100 positive DCs were found either in follicular germinal centers or in the T-cell areas. It is worth noting that the S-100 positive DCs were not only distributed in the cortex, but also in the medulla of bovine retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The distribution patterns of bovine DCs in the pharynx, tonsil, and retropharyngeal lymph nodes have an important implication for our understanding of the interaction between pathogens and host.     

A decade of imaging cellular motility and interaction dynamics in the immune system

To mount an immune response, lymphocytes must recirculate between the blood and lymph nodes, recognize antigens upon contact with specialized presenting cells, proliferate to expand a small number of clonally relevant lymphocytes, differentiate to antibody-producing plasma cells or effector T cells, exit from lymph nodes, migrate to tissues, and engage in host-protective activities. All of these processes involve motility and cellular interactions--events that were hidden from view until recently. Introduced to immunology by three papers in this journal in 2002, in vivo live-cell imaging studies are revealing the behavior of cells mediating adaptive and innate immunity in diverse tissue environments, providing quantitative measurement of cellular motility, interactions, and response dynamics. Here, we review themes emerging from such studies and speculate on the future of immunoimaging.     

Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes: types that participate in inflammation

Newly formed small lymphocytes with a short life-span in the blood are the only cells from thoracic duct lymph which accumulate in acutely inflamed tissue. This conclusion is drawn from studies in which rats with induced peritonieal exudates were injected intravenously with radioactively labeled thoracic duct cells. Radioactivity, originally vested in newly formed donor small lymphocytes, was found later in a small number of similar exudate cells. Small lymphocytes generated 10 days or more before the thoracic ducts were cannulated failed to localize in peritoneal exudates, although the cells moved in large numbers from the blood in to lymph nodes.     

Delayed hypersensitivity in man: a correlate in vitro and transfer by an RNA extract

The migration of sensitized human monocytic-phagocytic cells from lymph-node tissue-culture suspensions was regularly and specifically inhibited by purified protein derivative or histoplasmin. Moreover, when nonsensitive cells were incubated with an RNA extract from lymph nodes of donors sensitive to purified protein derivative, histoplasmin, or both, the migration of these cells was specifically inhibited by these antigens. Ribonuclease inactivated the RNA extract.     

犊黄牛弓形虫病淋巴器官的病理学研究

本试验用9头犊黄牛皮接种10^8个弓形虫速殖子，另用两头做对照；犊牛分别于接种后第3、6和12天剖检，每次3头。剖检后分别对其主要淋巴器官进行肉眼、光镜和电镜观察，结果表明：弓形虫能引起试验牛的淋巴结和脾脏明显的病理变化。其病变现程发展分别表现为单纯性淋巴结炎和脾炎、坏死性淋巴结炎和脾炎及增生性淋巴结炎和脾炎；浸润的细胞以嗜酸性粒细胞为主。在所检淋巴器官中，以门淋巴结病变最严重。胸腺在初、中期以皮质淋巴细胞减少和大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为特征。因而表明弓形虫对宿主淋巴结、脾脏及胸腺等免疫器官有广泛的毒害作用。     

Lymphocytes: circulation altered by trypsin

Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes altered by trypsin in vitro do not circulate normally. At early intervals after transfusion of lymphocytes labeled with chromium-51 selective accumulation of radioactivity in the lymph nodes is abolished, while uptake in the spleen is not reduced. Later, the cells appear to "home" to lymph nodes and recirculate to the lymph.     

山羊舌的淋巴流向

观察了5例山羊舌尖、舌体腹侧和舌根背、腹侧面的淋巴流向。舌前半部的淋巴管主要输入咽后外侧淋巴结,舌后半部的淋巴管主要输入咽后内侧淋巴结,同一个体舌左、右侧淋巴流向有差异。咽后外侧淋巴结或咽后内侧淋巴结的输出淋巴管形成气管淋巴干,汇入颈深后淋巴结。     

猪圆环病毒河南株的分离与鉴定

[目的]为研究猪圆环病毒的分子生物学特征和发病机理奠定基础。[方法]通过无菌操作采集病猪的脾脏和淋巴结,经胰蛋白酶消化处理后接种PK-15细胞,对病毒进行分离和纯化,并通过间接免疫荧光试验对其进行检测。[结果]断奶期的发病猪被毛粗糙、消瘦、精神沉郁、食欲不振,以5~10周龄猪的症状最明显。猪生长发育明显受阻,甚至导致死亡。从病料中和细胞中扩增出约540 bp特异性片段。淋巴结、脾组织细胞核内均有大量无囊膜的病毒粒子,直径约17 nm,呈球状,符合PCV病毒粒子特征。第6代细胞病毒液经间接免疫荧光检测可见PCV特征的荧光斑,而胞浆中无荧光斑,表明毒株有感染性。[结论]该试验中分离的病毒被鉴定为猪圆环病毒。     

PCV2感染通过胞内Ca2+超载诱导仔猪腹股沟淋巴结及脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡

为探讨猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)感染仔猪的淋巴结和脾脏淋巴细胞内钙信号变化在细胞凋亡中的作用,选取19头PCV2抗原和抗体均为阴性的5周龄健康断奶仔猪,随机分成对照组(4头)和试验组(15头),试验组仔猪通过滴鼻接种PCV2,并于接种后14、21和35 d分别扑杀5头,对照组仔猪滴鼻同量PBS后当天扑杀。所有仔猪扑杀时均取腹股沟淋巴结及脾脏,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,荧光分光光度法检测细胞内Ca2+浓度,孔雀绿比色测定法检测Ca2+-ATP酶的活性,荧光定量RT-PCR检测钙/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)mRNA转录水平。结果表明:所有接种病毒仔猪腹股沟淋巴结及脾脏细胞凋亡率均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),Ca2+浓度均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);接种病毒仔猪腹股沟淋巴结Ca2+-ATP酶活性在21 d时显著下降(P<0.05),脾脏中Ca2+-ATP酶活性在21 d和35 d时显著下降(P<0.05);腹股沟淋巴结CaMKⅡmRNA转录在整个试验过程中无明显变化,但脾脏中CaMKⅡmRNA在PCV2接种后21 d和35 d比对照组显著上调(P<0.05)。结论:细胞内Ca2+超载是PCV2感染引起仔猪淋巴结及脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的重要机制。     

鼻咽癌克隆株及其转移灶组织裸鼠移植瘤自发性转移的研究

将鼻咽癌克隆细胞株ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５／Ｆ１移植入裸鼠痛部皮下，观察其自发性转移，进而用克隆株Ｈ５移植瘤的淋巴结及肺转移灶组织，直接接种裸鼠背部皮下，研究其转移表型的改变。结果显示：克隆株Ｈ５和Ｆ１的转移率不同；Ｈ５淋巴结转移灶及肺转移灶移植瘤，和其原代移植瘤比，其转移能力和转移途径有明显的差异。     

一例原发性肝癌大熊猫的病理学观察

观察一例因原发性肝癌致多器官功能障碍而死亡的大熊猫全身的病理形态学变化,探讨大熊猫肝细胞癌的病理特征。大熊猫“盼盼”年龄31岁,雄性,于2016年12月28日死亡。对其进行系统解剖,取肝脏、胰腺、胃、十二指肠、结肠、直肠、心脏、肺脏、肾脏、膀胱、脾脏、甲状腺、颌下腺、肠系膜淋巴结、颌下淋巴结、睾丸、肛周皮肤组织、前肢肌、后肢肌,以及全身肿块组织进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色。尸检发现,其腹腔积液,肝脏表面结节性增生,直肠后端可见大量出血点,脾脏下半段肿大,肛周皮肤散在小结节,右阴囊皮肤内侧散在结节,并且其右侧腋下、肝脏左叶、膈肌、腹膜及肠系膜上均可见明显肿块。HE结果显示,肝脏组织可见多灶性脓肿,细胞坏死,肝细胞呈多角形,呈腺样、鹅卵石样结构排列,细胞异型增生,核质比增大,致细胞密度增加。肾组织中可见异型性细胞团块。心脏、肺脏、胰腺、十二指肠、直肠、脾脏、膀胱、甲状腺、肠系膜淋巴结、颌下淋巴结、睾丸、肛周皮肤组织、前后肢肌均出现了病理损伤。结果提示,该大熊猫疑似由于原发性肝癌大面积迅速邻近转移,导致多器官出现功能障碍甚至衰竭而死亡。