松花粉的有效成分及药理活性研究进展

松花粉是一种纯天然的药食两用植物花粉,具有延缓衰老、抗疲劳、降血脂、增强人体免疫力、健胃护肝等多种功效。综述了松花粉的活性成分及药理活性,以期为其更好地研究开发提供参考。     

桃花粉活性检测和离体萌发特性的研究

果树花粉活力直接影响授粉、受精乃至座果。为了解果树品种的花粉生活力,给引种栽培和杂交育种工作创造有利条件,以桃花粉为试验材料,采用染色方法检测花粉的活性。试验结果表明,含有蓝墨水的花粉培养基,花粉萌发率可以达到64.67%,与对照相比差异不明显,因此该方法比较适合于快速检测花粉活性;固体培养基培养2个品种桃花粉,萌发率比液体培养基培养分别高25%和20%。另外温度、花粉密度、培养基中蔗糖及硼酸浓度都对花粉萌发率和花粉管长度有影响,在温度为24℃、1粒花药/100 μL、10%的蔗糖或100 mg/L的硼酸的条件下,均有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长。     

茶花粉提取物抑制α-淀粉酶活性的研究

蜂花粉是一种来源广泛且具有多种生物活性的蜂产品。以茶花粉乙醇提取物为对象,研究蜂花粉对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性。结果表明,茶花粉提取物具有较强α-淀粉酶抑制活性,其半抑制浓度为 8.94 mg/mL,对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型为可逆竞争型抑制,抑制常数为1.31 mg/mL。芦丁与茶花粉提取物复合能提高茶花粉提取物抑制α-淀粉酶活的能力,而没食子酸与茶花粉提取物复合降低了茶花粉提取物对α-淀粉酶的抑制能力;维生素C对花粉提取物抑制α-淀粉酶活的能力有显著的减弱作用,且两者复合表现的负协同率随着维生素C浓度的增大而增大。研究结果为蜂花粉的综合性加工利用及天然α-淀粉酶抑制剂的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

项目专利

食用花粉制作的新方法发明人:王淑芬法律状态:授权(公告号:1079367)该发明是一种食用花粉制作的新方法。制作食用花粉的方法是:用蜂花粉进行破碎或者发酵破碎来生产花粉营养剂,其步骤如下:①用0.5%的氯化三苯基四氮唑与载玻片上少许蜂花粉混合,盖上盖玻片,放35℃水浴锅中保持15min,取出后,在显微镜下观察颜色来判断活性:红色活性强,淡红色次之,无色则没有活性。②将活性强的蜂花粉用18目筛去杂,用75%(V)食用乙醇消毒灭菌,然后加入10%的酒酵母液、0.2%的纤维素酶、0.2%的果胶酶和糖度达12度、65℃化蜜冷却到40℃时的花粉胶液,使花粉含水量达…     

北沙参花粉形态特征、活性及萌发条件研究

为了认识北沙参的花粉粒形态特征和生理特性,利用离体培养法测定花粉粒活性,并对培养条件(蔗糖的质量分数、硼酸的质量浓度和氯化钙的质量浓度)进行筛选,同时与碘-碘化钾(I2-KI)、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC法)和亚甲基蓝等花粉活性测定方法进行比较,建立测定北沙参花粉活性的最适宜方法,利用离体培养法进一步检测保存时间、温度和湿度等对北沙参花粉活性的影响,应用扫描电镜观察花粉粒的大小形态等特征。结果表明,亚甲基蓝法适于北沙参花粉粒活性测定,I2-KI法和TTC法不适合。北沙参体外萌发的最适培养基是20%蔗糖+0.1%mg·mL^-1硼酸+0.1%mg·mL^-1氯化钙,萌发率可达72.9%。北沙参花粉在湿度15%~52%,25℃条件下活性最好,4℃、-20℃的低温或大于60%的湿度都会导致花粉活性降低。北沙参花粉粒形态为超长方形,具3个狭长萌发沟,表面为网状。     

唐菖蒲花粉数量分类研究

对唐菖蒲花粉形态性状的主成分分析及数量分类表明，3个主成分：极轴长、赤道轴长和P／E贡献率达93．28％。唐菖蒲76个花粉形态性状的聚类分析结果与传统分类基本一致。     

杏花银梨果园改造对土壤养分和果实品质的影响

为改善杏花银梨的品质,提升商品竞争力。以改造前后的梨园为研究对象,研究有机无机肥配施对杏花银梨果园土壤营养成分、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性以及果实基本品质、单糖组分、氨基酸组分以及香气成分的影响。结果表明：有机无机肥配施处理后果园土壤中速效磷提升了63.79%、速效钾元素含量提升了252.30%、细菌总量增加了203.43%、蔗糖酶活性提高了202.18%、过氧化物酶提升了100.00%;果实总氨基酸含量提升了78.22%、香气物质中酯类物质含量提升了524.92%。施用和不施用生物有机肥的各个指标均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究表明有机无机肥配施后能够改良杏花银梨果园土壤以及显著提升杏花银梨果实品质。     

小麦花粉离体萌发培养体系的筛选

为了准确检测小麦花粉活性,以5个常规小麦品种为材料,4种花粉离体萌发培养体系为候选方法,通过比较不同体系花粉萌发率差异,从而找到最佳的小麦花粉离体萌发培养体系。结果表明：小麦成熟花粉在20%蔗糖+10%PEG4000+40mg/LH3BO3+3×10-3mol/LCa(NO3)2+10mg/LVB1中28℃培养30min,通过镜检观察,可诱导萌发频率高达90%以上。同时,经过K型小麦不育系、保持系和F1材料的鉴定,表明上述培养基适合于小麦花粉离体萌发,能够准确检测小麦花粉活性。     

不同液体配方与浸泡时间对平欧榛子花粉的生命力影响研究

研究了两种不同获取花粉方式和6种不同液体配方对平欧榛子花粉浸泡时间及浸泡后花粉生命力的影响,得出以0.4%的CMC作为液体花粉的悬浊液最佳,活性时间最长;花粉浸泡30 min后的存活率为74.26%,浸泡60 min后液体花粉存活率为65.35%;利用液体花粉进行人工授粉可以提高授粉率。     

小麦花粉多糖对微生物的抑制作用研究

为研究小麦花粉多糖对微生物的抑制作用,采用温差破壁法和酶解破壁法相结合的方法对小麦花粉进行破壁处理,从中提取活性多糖,并利用甲醇分级沉淀法进行纯化。实验采用两因素随机区组设计,并对小麦花粉多糖的抑菌作用进行方差分析和多重比较检验。结果表明,小麦花粉多糖对细菌具有极显著的抑制作用,对真菌的抑制效果也比较显著。其中,以35%甲醇浓度,3000 r/min转数进行离心分离的多糖对细菌和真菌的抑制效果最佳;以30%甲醇浓度,4000r/min离心和以30%甲醇浓度,3500r/min离心的纯化工艺得到的活性多糖对细菌的抑制效果比较显著;采用其他甲醇浓度,离心转数的纯化工艺得到的活性多糖对细菌的抑制效果一般。     

扁桃品种“Nonpareil Mission”离体繁殖技术研究

以新疆喀什、和田地区栽培的引种自美国的扁桃品种“NonpareilMission”成株树上的幼嫩枝条为试材,成功地进行了离体繁殖。经试验研究筛选出“NonpareilMission”两品种最适增殖培养基分别为:MS BA0.8mg/L IBA0.1mg/L GA30.5mg/L;MS BA1.0mg/L IBA0.2mg/L GA30.8mg/L。利用100mg/LIBA对增殖后的嫩茎基部浸泡处理,然后在不含任何生长素的1/2MS培养基上进行生根和生长。最适浸泡时间及初期黑暗培养时间分别为60min和14d,获得了较理想的生根效果,受试品种试管苗的移栽驯化应在各阶段中逐渐降低湿度,适应外界条件可保证较高的成活率。     

杏仁蛋白质的提取及功能特性研究进展

杏仁蛋白是一种理想的植物蛋白,概述了目前杏仁蛋白质的提取方法,综述了国内外蛋白质功能特性的研究。     

Pollen and pollination experiments. V. An empirical basis for a mentor pollen effect observed on the growth of incompatible pollen tubes in pear

Summary The self-incompatible pear cultivar Doyenne du Comice was selfed with the aid of the mentor pollen technique (self pollen mixed 1:1 with compatible pollen) and the pioneer pollen method (compatible pollen applied 14 h in advance of the self pollen). Observations on tube growth in the style showed that inviable methylated pollen was ineffective either as mentor or pioncer pollen, having no effect on the performance of the self pollen which stopped growing at about one quarter of the style from the stigma. Calculations made on the basis of the obtained data indicated that the viable untreated or irradiated pioneer and mentor pollen, the former somewhat better than the latter, aided the self pollen tubes to reach the base of the style.     

The role of pollen and stigma in determining the level of partial self-compatibility in brussels sprouts

Summary Brussels sprouts inbred plants, homozygous for the same recessive S-allele, were intercrossed in all combinations and the number of pollen tubes penetrating the stigmas of such crosses measured. The results of five such experiments showed that pollen as well as stigma is significant in determining the number of pollen tubes counted. It was also found that the capacity of a plant's stigmas to permit pollen tube penetration was independent of the capacity of its pollen to penetrate other plants' stigmas. Variation in pollen tube production between pollens of the plants tested was often greater than that between their stigmas.     

木槿花粉活力检测方法筛选

摘 要：以2个木槿（Hibiscus syriacus）品种花粉为材料,用TTC法和离体萌发法对木槿花粉活力进行了检测。结果表明：木槿花粉活力检测不适合用TTC法;以木槿花粉为外植体,采用蔗糖悬浮溶液为培养基,确定适合木槿花粉萌发的条件为15%蔗糖溶液+15 mg/L硼酸在30 ℃恒温培养箱中培育0.5 h即开始开始萌发。     

Storage of sugarbeet pollen

Summary To develop the technology for long-term pollen preservation, sugarbeet pollen was collected from plants grown in the greenhouse and in the field, and was stored 1 day to 1 year at 5, -18, and -196°C. Pollen containing about 12% moisture was successfully stored in liquid nitrogen (LN₂) up to 1 year; this pollen effected fertilization of male-sterile flowers as well as freshly collected pollen. Germination of the resultant seed was good and not different from seed from fresh pollinations. Pollen stored at -18°C for 1 year did not result in as much seed set as fresh pollen, and 1 year at 5°C was essentially lethal. In vitro pollen germination served as a post-storage viability measure, provided the pollen was hydrated before germination. The methods tested in these experiments provided a relatively simple, reliable, and inexpensive means for preservation of sugarbeet pollen for breeding purposes and for preservation of genetic resources.Joint contribution of the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation.     

大丽花花粉活力及离体萌发研究

为筛选大丽花花粉活力有效的测定方法,了解大丽花不同品种的花粉活力,以大丽花栽培品种为试验材料,采用4种方法检测大丽花花粉活力,在此基础上,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验分别对大丽花花粉的离体萌发培养条件及培养基组分进行优化,得到最优方案后进一步检测、比较不同品种之间的花粉活力。研究结果显示,TTC染色法不能使花粉着色,I₂-KI和孢粉染色法不能有效区分有活力和无活力花粉,离体萌发法效果良好,可准确直观地反映大丽花花粉活力状况, 是测定大丽花花粉活力的有效方法。当培养条件为pH 6.0、温度25℃、培养时间2.5 h时,花粉萌发率最高。培养基组分对大丽花花粉萌发的影响程度依次为PEG>蔗糖>硼酸,实际最佳处理组合为A₃B₄C₂,即PEG4000 25 g/L、蔗糖60 g/L、硼酸50 mg/L的处理组合下,大丽花花粉萌发率最高达62.1%。采用上述获得的最优方案检测22个大丽花品种的花粉活力,花粉萌发率为11.75%~78.72%,不同品种的花粉萌发率差异大,其中,‘兰花公主’的花粉萌发率最低,‘波彻儿’最高。大丽花品种的花粉活力多样性丰富,所测定的22个大丽花品种有14个品种正常可育,杂交时可用作父本;8个品种为半不育或低不育,杂交时更适合作母本。     

植物花粉影响因素和保存方法研究进展

花粉是植物种质的主要形式之一，包含该物种的所有基因类型。植物花粉的保存研究对完善种质资源保存方法及加速育种进程具有重要意义。为了满足种质资源保存以及杂交育种工作的需求，笔者阐述了花粉类型、基因型及化学成分、环境因素等对植物花粉生活力的影响；总结了植物花粉的收集和花粉生活力的主要测定方法以及有机溶剂保存、低压保存、低温保存、超低温保存等植物花粉的主要保存方法；提出超低温保存技术将成为花粉保存和研究的重要方向，仍需进一步深入研究植物花粉不同保存方法的保存机理。以期为研究不同植物花粉的长期高效保存方法提供参考。     

Association between sporophytic reaction to Alternaria helianthi and gametophytic tolerance to pathogen culture filtrate in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Seven sunflower genotypes comprising of populations and hybrids showing differential sporophytic reaction to Alternaria leaf and stem blight were studied for their gametophytic reaction to pathogen culture filtrate. The sunflower pollen grains germinate well in the liquid medium and give good pollen tube growth in the absence of the culture filtrate. The addition of increasing concentrations of culture filtrate to medium significantly reduced the pollen germination and tube growth in all the genotypes. The reduction in pollen germination and tube growth in vitro due to culture filtrate was more in highly susceptible genotypes L-101 and Morden than the moderately resistant genotypes Acc. nos. 1229, 180 and ISFH-306. Pretreating the stigma and style with the culture filtrate before pollination reduced the number of pollen grains germinating compared to untreated control suggesting toxin stress can be created on the stigmatic surface before pollination. There was correspondence between pollen germination on stressed stigma (in vitro) and sporophytic reaction of the genotype suggesting pollen grain having resistance would germinate on the stressed stigma and fertilise the ovule achieving selective fertilisation. The correlation analysis indicated that there is a negative relation between sporophytic per cent disease index value and gametophytic parameters such as in vitro and in vivo pollen germination, culture filtrate required to inhibit 50% pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The association between pollen and the sporophytic reaction to the disease indicate the possibility of rapid screening of a large number of genotypes by means of pollen assay as an alternate technique with regard to sporophytic disease index in sunflower. The study also indicate the possibility of pollen selection before fertilisation to achieve rapid improvement in disease resistance. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

辣木花粉离体萌发研究

为筛选出适宜不同辣木材料花粉的离体萌发培养基,本研究以辣木花粉为试材,采用单因素试验和正交试验研究氯化钙、蔗糖及硼酸浓度对辣木花粉萌发的影响,并观测不同辣木材料的花粉萌发率。研究结果表明,各试验因素对辣木花粉萌发的影响程度依次为蔗糖>氯化钙>硼酸,蔗糖和氯化钙浓度对辣木花粉萌发率的影响显著,而硼酸浓度影响不显著;辣木花粉在175 g/L蔗糖,400 mg/L氯化钙,150 mg/L硼酸的培养基中,花粉平均萌发率显著高于其他处理。对不同辣木材料的花粉萌发率进行测定,发现美国种源的辣木花粉活力较高,肯尼亚种源的花粉活力较低。本研究结果可为辣木杂交育种的父本选择提供参考,提高人工杂交授粉的效率。