麋鹿肝脏组织学观察

应用常规石蜡切片,HE染色,对麋鹿的肝脏进行了组织学观察.结果表明,肝脏被膜的结缔组织深入肝内,形成非常不发达的小叶间结缔组织,将肝脏分成多个不明显的小叶.中央静脉位于小叶中央,肝细胞排列成单板状,以中央静脉为中心向周围呈放射状排列.肝细胞板之间的间隙为形状不规则的肝血窦,窦壁由一层内皮细胞构成,窦内可见枯否氏细胞分布,汇管区位于多个小叶的角缘结缔组织中,小叶间动脉,小叶间静脉,小叶间胆管结构较为明显.     

关于蓝孔雀主要消化腺的组织学观察

蓝孔雀主要消化腺肝，胰的组织结构清晰，肝被膜为一层浆膜，间皮下为较薄的纤维膜，小叶间结缔组织不发达，所以肝小叶的分界不明显，肝细胞在肝小叶内的分布以中央静脉为中心，其周边少数的肝细胞以放射状排列，其余多数的肝细胞则由几个肝细胞构成不规则的肝管而放射状排列，门管区明显，胰明显分为被膜，外分泌部和内分泌部，被膜由一层薄的疏松结缔组织构成。     

甘加藏羊肝脏细胞组织形态结构观察

以甘加藏羊为研究对象,应用常规组织解剖学方法,制备石蜡切片,对甘加藏羊肝脏细胞组织结构与特征进行观察,为分析反刍动物肝脏生理机能提供形态学参考。结果表明:甘加藏羊肝脏分为四叶,表面覆以致密结缔组织被膜,结缔组织将肝实质分隔成若干个肝小叶。甘加藏羊肝脏小叶间结缔组织不发达,分界不明显。肝细胞呈多角形,其排列组成的肝细胞索(肝板)围绕中央静脉向周围呈放射性排列。在肝血窦中可见枯否氏细胞,门管区发达,其中小叶间静脉、动脉和胆管结构清晰可辨。     

驯鹿主要消化腺组织学研究

对驯鹿的肝脏和胰脏进行了组织学研究.驯鹿肝的结构较清晰,明显地分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、汇管区等结构.被膜为浆膜结构,肝小叶间结缔组织不发达,故肝小叶不大明显.肝细胞以中央静脉为中心,呈放射状排列.肝血窦的形状也不规则.胰腺表面被以少量结缔组织的被膜;实质结构也分为外分泌部和内分泌部;小叶间结缔组织不发达.     

驯鹿主要消化腺组织学研究

对驯鹿的肝脏和胰脏进行了组织学研究。驯鹿肝的结构较清晰，明显地分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、汇管区等结构。被膜为浆膜结构，肝小叶间结缔组织不发达，故肝小叶不大明显。肝细胞以中央静脉为中心，呈放射状排列。肝血窦和形态也不规则。胰腺表面被以少量结缔组织的被膜；实质结构也分为外分泌部和内分泌部；小叶间结缔组织不发达。     

非洲白犀牛肝脏组织学观察

为了探明非洲白犀牛的肝脏组织学结构,试验取非洲白犀牛肝脏组织,采用石蜡包埋,4μm厚度切片,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色,光学显微镜观察,显微摄影的方法进行研究。结果表明:非洲白犀牛肝脏表面是富含结缔组织的被膜,结缔组织伸入肝实质中将肝脏分成若干个肝小叶,犀牛的小叶间结缔组织不发达,肝小叶分界不明显。肝细胞呈多边形,界限清晰,体积大,以肝小叶的中央静脉为中心肝细胞向四周呈放射性排列,排列规则呈索状。在肝血窦中可见红细胞及枯否细胞,门管区发达,小叶间静脉、动脉和胆管结构明显。     

褐云玛瑙螺肝及肾的组织学观察

利用常规切片技术对褐云玛瑙螺肝及肾的组织结构进行了显微方面的观察。结果发现,褐云玛瑙螺的肝脏表面被纤维性结缔组织覆盖,它的外面是浆膜,在黏膜下层存在较多的脂肪组织,肝小叶之间存在结缔组织,能观察到肝脏静脉,没有很明显的肝细胞索;肾脏表面包着的纤维膜紧贴在皮质上,其下面为平滑肌,可见肾小管和肾小球,肾小管管腔较窄。     

泰和乌骨鸡胚后肝脏组织结构的发育性变化

为在实际生产中配制适合泰和乌骨吗胚后肝脏结构发育特点的饲粮提供形态学依据，本试验通过石蜡切片和HE染色的方法，研究泰和鸟骨鸡胚后肝脏显微结构的发育性变化，结果表明，胚后1d的肝脏被膜极薄，肝细胞数量很少，双核细胞较多，肝小叶不明显，血窦清晰，肝细胞内、外含有大量的脂滴。胚后7d，肝被膜薄，被膜下肝细胞体积较大，内含较多脂滴，但靠近中央部的肝细胞内脂滴逐渐消失，血窦较清晰。胚后14d，肝脏被膜有所增厚，被膜下肝细胞内仍然含有较多脂滴，其他结构与7d类似。胚后21d，肝被膜相对较厚，结缔组织相对前期较发达，有少量被膜结缔组织深入实质内，肝血窦相对较少，其他结构与14d类似。第28天，肝细胞与早期比较，体积较小，无脂滴，胞质染色深。肝细胞排列呈肝细胞管作辐射状排列，且相互吻合。肝细胞管中央形成胆小管。窦周隙明显。肝细胞结构和排列方式符合典型的禽类特点。     

中华竹鼠肝脏的组织结构

通过探究中华竹鼠肝脏的显微组织结构与特征,为中华竹鼠的人工养殖以及野生保护提供理论依据。试验采用常规解剖方法、石蜡制片和H-E染色技术,在光镜下对中华竹鼠的肝脏进行组织学研究。结果表明:中华竹鼠肝脏分为被膜和实质两部分。被膜覆盖在肝脏表面,由外层较薄的结缔组织和内层的单层扁平细胞构成。实质内肝小叶分界不明显,小叶内无清晰肝细胞索状结构;肝血窦内存在枯否氏细胞;中央静脉大小不一,分布不均匀;肝细胞呈多边形,有1～2个胞核;门管区明显可见,且有丰富的淋巴丛;小叶间静脉大小差异较大,小叶间动脉大小形状与小叶间胆管相似,部分门管区两者都不易找到。     

新疆毛驴肝脏、胰腺组织学观察及Ghrelin的分布

为了观察毛驴肝脏、胰腺组织学结构并检测Ghrelin在毛驴肝脏、胰腺的表达情况,试验以新疆毛驴的肝脏、胰腺为材料,通过制作石蜡切片、H.E.染色和免疫组化染色技术,对新疆毛驴正常状态下的肝脏、胰腺的组织形态学结构和Ghrelin阳性细胞的表达情况进行研究和分析。结果表明:肝脏由被膜和实质组成,肝小叶分界不明显,肝小叶以中央静脉为轴心向四周呈放射状排列形成肝索,肝细胞较大,细胞间的窦状隙明显;胰腺为复管泡状腺,外分泌部为纯浆液性腺,包括腺泡和导管,内分泌部的胰岛数量较少,胰岛周围由结缔组织与外分泌部呈不完全分开。Ghrelin阳性细胞在肝脏和胰腺中均有表达;在肝小叶和胰腺外分泌部Ghrelin阳性细胞着色较深,呈深棕黄色,阳性细胞数量较多;在肝门管区和胰腺导管周围也偶见Ghrelin阳性细胞,但着色较浅,呈浅棕黄色。     

成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺的形态学观察

本试验研究了成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺的形态特征。实验应用20只皖西白鹅母鹅。鹅放血致死后,解剖观察消化腺的组成,取消化腺的各部分,制作组织切片。结果表明:成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺由唾液腺、肝脏和胰腺组成。肝脏的组织结构由肝小叶和门管区构成,肝小叶由中央静脉、肝细胞管和肝窦组成,门管区包括小叶间胆管、小叶间动脉和小叶间静脉,还有淋巴组织分布。胰腺包括外分泌部和内分泌部,外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,内分泌部为一细胞团,即胰岛。     

八点黑獭兔胃、空肠、肝组织结构的研究

取60、90和180日龄八点黑獭兔的胃、空肠、肝制作切片,显微镜下研究其组织构造特点。结果显示：獭兔胃组织由内到外依次为粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜,胃肌层随着日龄的增加而逐渐加厚;空肠粘膜层和肌层均随着年龄的增加而增厚,粘膜层中的肠绒毛尤为明显,杯状细胞的数目也有所增加;各年龄段肝切片差异不大,肝小叶不明显,肝细胞以中央静脉为轴心呈放射状排列,窦状隙内见有大量红细胞：相同年龄段獭兔的胃、空肠、肝组织学结构未见性别间的明显差异。     

ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE HEPATIC AND PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM IN THE DOG AND CAT: AN INVESTIGATIVE METHOD*

The investigators studied the hepatic angiographic technics used in human medicine with respect to their applicability for the investigation of circulatory liver diseases in the dog and cat. The technics were performed in 11 normal dogs and 2 normal cats, and the normal radiographic anatomy of the hepatic portal system and its tributaries was described. The potential indications for the angiographic technics were defined and their respective advantages and disadvantages discussed. Splenoportography was a valuable method for outlining the intrahepatic portal vein branches and for percutaneous prehepatic portal vein pressure determination. Percutaneous transhepatic portography was more difficult to perform, but it provided better detail of the intrahepatic portal veins than splenoportography. Transjugular transhepatic portography was the most versatile but also the most cumbersome of all technics tested. Percutaneous kinetic hepatography proved impractical in dogs and cats. The mesenteric tributaries to the hepatic portal system were best outlined by cranial mesenteric arterial portography or by operative mesenteric venous portography. Operative mesenteric venous portography, in contrast to cranial mesenteric arterial portography, was also useful for prehe-patic portal vein pressure determination. Free and wedged hepatic venography provided an opportunity for the functional and morphologic investigation of the hepatic sinusoid circula-tion.     

梅花鹿肝脏的形态及组织结构观察

梅花鹿是我国一级保护动物,具有极高的观赏和经济价值。用大体解剖与常规石蜡切片、HE染色等方法,对梅花鹿肝脏的形态及组织结构进行了观察。结果表明,梅花鹿的肝脏具有反刍动物的共同点,分叶不明显,但亦可分为右、中、左三叶,但无胆囊。其组织结构也和其他反刍动物相似,肝小叶间结缔组织不发达,分界不明显。被膜较薄,肝细胞体积较大,内皮连续、有基膜,内皮之间有枯否氏细胞,窦状隙中可见血细胞。门管区的小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉和小叶间胆管结构均清晰。     

Hepatic Lobe Torsion as a Cause of Colic in a Horse

A 14-year-old Arabian gelding was examined for colic. An exploratory celiotomy was subsequently performed and the left lobe of the liver was found to be twisted. The lobe was resected using a TA-90 surgical stapling instrument. Histologic examination of the resected liver indicated portal vein and sinusoid dilation and congestion with blood. There were focal areas of necrosis and bacterial cocci and rods throughout the section. The histologic findings were consistent with hepatic lobe torsion. After surgery, the horse was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, heparin, and intravenous fluids. The horse recovered without complications, although serum liver enzymes remained elevated for more than 1 week after surgery. Seven months after surgery the horse showed no adverse affects from the disease.     

Hilar Liver Resection in Dogs

Objective— To describe hepatic vasculobiliary anatomy important to hilar liver lobe resection in the dog.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Animals— Canine cadavers (n=7).
Methods— The vasculobiliary system of 7 fresh canine livers was injected with a polymer. The parenchyma was dissected at the level of the hilus to determine the vascular and biliary supply to each liver lobe, and then macerated with a corrosion preparation. The information gathered was used to describe a surgical approach for hilar liver lobe resection.
Results— Each liver lobe had a single hepatic artery and biliary duct. The location of these structures was consistent, although minor variations existed (dorsal versus ventral to the lobar portal vein) in the left lateral lobe and papillary process in 2 specimens. Most liver lobes (34/49) were supplied by 1 lobar portal vein and drained by 1 lobar hepatic vein (39/49). The location of the portal and hepatic veins was consistent among specimens.
Conclusions— The left division is the most mobile of the liver lobes and each lobe can be removed separately or en bloc. Because of the location of the hepatic veins, the central division is best removed as a single unit. The right lateral lobe can be removed individually or together with the caudate process. The papillary process is removed by itself.
Clinical Relevance— A hilar liver lobectomy technique can provide an alternative approach to conventional procedures for tumors that encroach upon the hilus of the liver.     

克伦特罗对绵羊肝脏挥发性脂肪酸和糖代谢的影响

在 4头门静脉、肝静脉、颈静脉、肠系膜静脉和股动脉上安装血管导管的绵羊中研究了克伦特罗 (CL ,0 8mg/kgBW ,肠系膜静脉给药每天 2次 ,连续 5d)对其肝脏物质代谢的影响。结果表明 :CL可增加绵羊肝脏中的VFA流量 ,其中门静脉处乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的流量分别较对照期增加 19 4 9% (P <0 .0 1)、2 0 2 % (P >0 .0 5 )和4 5 5 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而肝静脉处VFA流量两期水平接近。CL也提高肝脏中葡萄糖的异生作用 ,在肝静脉处血中葡萄糖流量上升了 2 5 96 % (P <0 .0 1)。门静脉处血中葡萄糖循环水平也相应提高。此外在CL作用下肝静脉处胰岛素水平也较对照期有所下降。提示CL可增加进入绵羊肝脏中VFA的流量并促进肝脏对VFA的吸收和利用。通过降低胰岛素水平或对肝脏的直接作用CL还可增加绵羊血中葡萄糖的水平     

饮水硼对非洲雏鸵鸟肝脏组织的影响

本研究旨在探究饮水硼对非洲雏鸵鸟肝脏组织的影响。本试验选择36羽10日龄非洲雏鸵鸟,随机分成6组,每组6羽,饲喂相同的基础日粮及不同添加量的饮水硼,各组饮水中硼含量分别为0、40、80、160、320、640 mg/L。试验期80 d。试验结束后,称体重,颈动脉放血致死。处死后立即取出肝脏称重,计算肝脏指数。取肝脏标本于4%多聚甲醛常温固定,制作石蜡切片,HE染色,显微观察并照相。结果证实,低剂量的饮水硼（40、80 mg/L）有利于肝脏发育,改善肝脏组织结构,使肝血窦里的枯否氏细胞增多,肝血窦增大,最佳添加量为80 mg/L。高剂量的饮水硼（160、320和640 mg/L）则会对非洲雏鸵鸟肝脏发育产生不良影响,使肝脏组织出现明显的病理学变化。     

Left hepatic vein attenuation for treatment of patent ductus venosus in a dog

Patent ductus venosus was identified in a young dog. Surgical attenuation of the anomalous vessel was performed by partial ligation of the left hepatic vein. Clinical signs resolved after surgery, and laboratory values returned to normal. Jejunal venous portography, performed 8 weeks after surgery, revealed complete occlusion of the patent ductus venosus, with normal portal vasculature to the right and central divisions of the liver. Atrophy of the left hepatic division resulted.