菌草栽培猴头菌子实体多糖的研究

以菌草栽培和木屑栽培的猴头菌子实体为试材,采用L9(34)正交实验设计方法对2种猴头菌子实体粗多糖进行提取,研究了不同浸提次数、料液比、浸提时间和温度对猴头菌子实体粗多糖得率的影响;用DEAE SepHarose Fast Flow离子柱层析法和SepHadex G-100凝胶柱层析色谱法对提取出的粗多糖进行初步分离和纯化,以期得到几个组分,且每组分为具有单一对称峰的多糖。结果表明:猴头菌子实体粗多糖提取的最佳条件是,浸提2次,料液比1∶25g·mL-1,浸提时间4h,温度90℃。菌草栽培猴头菌子实体多糖得到3个组分,分别记为cHEP1、cHEP2、cHEP3;木屑栽培猴头菌的子实体多糖纯化后只得到2个组分,分别记为sHEP1、sHEP2。对分离出的cHEP2、cHEP3和sHEP2纯度鉴定结果表明,3种组分均显示为单一对称峰。     

金针菇子实体多糖提取最佳工艺研究

对金针菇实体多糖的提取进行优化研究。结果表明：金针菇子实体多糖的理想提取法是碱法，最佳方法为酶法。     

富硒金针菇菌丝体多糖的分离和分析

试验采用热水浸提法从富硒金针菇菌丝体中提取多糖,菌丝体的多糖含量为42.30mg/g干菌丝,粗多糖收率为5.97％,粗多糖中多糖含量为73.62％。同时还研究了热水浸提法的分离工艺条件。     

凤尾菇子实体多糖的提取及其部分性质

从凤尾菇子实体提取水溶性多糖粗品A ,经分离纯化 ,得到多糖纯品B、C两个组分。B、C的平均分子量为18 9× 10 4、 4 5 1× 10 4。用HPLC色谱、IR色谱测定其结构 ,表明凤尾菇多糖B是由半乳糖、木糖、树胶醛糖等糖基组成的 ,摩尔比为半乳糖∶木糖∶树胶醛糖 =1 0∶0 74∶2 0 93。     

菌草栽培灰树花子实体多糖的研究

以五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)、芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)、类芦(Neyraudia reynaudiana)3种草粉按不同配比栽培的灰树花子实体与木屑栽培的灰树花子实体为试材,采用L_9(3~4)正交实验设计方法对灰树花子实体多糖提取条件进行优化,研究了不同料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间和浸提次数对灰树花子实体粗多糖得率的影响,并对灰树花子实体多糖含量进行测定;采用DEAE-Sephadex A-25离子交换柱分别对菌草栽培灰树花粗多糖与木屑栽培灰树花粗多糖进行纯化分级,利用Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析色谱法对C-GLP1与S-GLP1进行纯度鉴定,为菌草栽培灰树花的精深加工提供参考。结果表明:水提醇沉法提取灰树花子实体粗多糖时,各因素对粗多糖提取率的影响存在差异,影响大小依次为料液比、浸提温度、浸提次数、浸提时间。菌草栽培灰树花子实体多糖提取的最佳工艺为料液比1∶40g·mL^-1,浸提温度100℃,浸提时间2h,浸提次数2次。对菌草及木屑栽培的灰树花子实体多糖分离纯化均得2个级分,C-GLP1、C-GLP2和S-GLP1、S-GLP2。纯度鉴定结果表明,C-GLP1与S-GLP1均为单一对称峰。     

竹荪多糖的分离纯化和鉴定

人工栽培的竹荪子实体干品经热水提取，乙醇沉淀，蛋白酶法和Ｓｅｖａｇ法相结合去蛋白，ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－２５和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－２００柱纯化，得到竹荪多糖，命名为ＤＩ。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析，分析表明，该多糖为均一物质，竹荪多糖的分子量为１４４０００。经紫外扫描，无核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰，红外扫描表明有典型的多糖吸收峰。该多糖经纸层析和气相色谱分析表明：其单糖组成为     

物理波强化提取金针菇多糖

对微波和超声波强化作用下提取金针菇子实体多糖进行了研究，结果表明，它们都能显著提高提取液中多糖的提取率。微波可使多糖提取率提高83.67%，超声波可使多糖提取率提高76.22%。     

桑黄多糖的分离纯化及体外免疫活性的研究

利用层析技术对桑黄子实体水提醇沉粗多糖进行了分离纯化,获得不同的组份.采用体外刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖试验对各组份进行了体外免疫活性的检测,结果表明,水提醇沉的各级粗多糖均有不同程度的体外刺激淋巴细胞增殖的作用;经过离子柱层析分离后,P30得到的各组份均是有活性的,P60得到的各组份中,0W和P60S2活性较好,0S1无活性;分别将P60W和P60S1进行了凝胶柱层析得到均一多糖P60W1-1和P60S1-1,免疫活性比较结果表明P60W1-1有活性,0S1-1无活性,说明有活性的均一多糖必须要从有活性的粗多糖中去分离纯化获得.     

金针菇多糖的提取及生物活性研究进展

金针菇是我国最早进行人工栽培的食用菌之一，也是栽培量最大的食用菌之一。金针菇富含蛋白质、多种矿质元素和微量元素，具有较高的营养价值及保健功能。多糖是金针菇的主要活性成分之一，有调节免疫、抗氧化、抗炎、保肝、抗肿瘤、抗菌等功效。因此优化金针菇多糖的提取纯化工艺，并研究其生物活性对金针菇多糖的综合开发利用具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文总结了近些年金针菇多糖提取纯化及其生物活性方面的研究进展，为金针菇多糖的开发应用提供参考。     

金针菇组织分离株栽培性状研究

用金针菇子实体不同部位的组织分离株及其出发菌进行栽培性状比较试验，结果表明：组织分离株与出发菌株之间在栽培性状上有显著的遗传稳定性，子实体各部位的组织分离株在栽培性状上有显著的遗传一致性。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.