玉米南繁育种的几点体会与建议

阐述了玉米冬季南育的内容和方式,南繁育种注意的几点事项,提出了南育材料的性状选择方法和标准,以及玉米冬季南育的栽培经验。     

玉米自交系北种南育若干性状的变化规律研究及种植管理

玉米自交系的南育是玉米育种的有效方法,极大地缩短了育种时间,提高了育种效率.对北方玉米自交系南育和北育的一些性状进行了对比,总结出在南育过程中玉米自交系性状变化规律及选择依据,并对种植管理进行了总结。     

海南玉米冬季繁种病虫鼠害发生现状及防治技术

海南三亚是我国冬季南繁的最佳基地,独特的生态条件、气候条件和耕作制度为各种玉米病、虫、鼠害的发生提供适宜的条件。本文分析了玉米南繁病虫鼠害多发原因,具有危害种类多、时间长、后果重等特点及其发生规律,提出了病虫鼠害的综合防治措施。     

新疆棉花南繁不同时期主要病虫草害防治技术

为了加快育种进程，新疆棉花育种要进行南繁加代，但海南三亚棉花南繁基地的病虫草害发生规律与新疆不同。对新疆棉花南繁不同时期主要病虫草害的预防及防治措施进行总结，以期为新疆棉花南繁工作提供借鉴。     

棉花南育后的异地优势

为缩短育种年限,加快育种步伐,我国棉花育种工作者从50年代始就积极利用海南岛得天独厚的条件,进行南繁加代,收到了良好效果。本文试图对南育后的种子、品质、生长优势和产量表现等加以探讨。     

南繁棉花有害生物防治措施

海南三亚市是我国棉花南繁主要集中地区,属于岛屿生态系统,又是热带地区。南繁期间处于其旱季,当地气温较高,日照充足,非常有利于棉花的生长发育。但是,与新疆棉区比较,南繁棉田害虫种类多,发生规律复杂,发生频率高,持续时间长,传播蔓延快,防治难度大。加上棉花栽培管理的人员流动性大、更换频繁,尤其首次南繁者在海南棉花栽培管理实践经验较少,有害生物防治工作开展困难不少。本文总结了多年的棉花南繁有害生物综合防治的工作经验,供同行参考。     

努力建设我国甜菜多倍体良种基地

努力建设我国甜菜多倍体良种基地李润福，虞德源（江苏省大华甜菜种子公司）江苏省农垦系统经过１０余年艰苦探索，以甜菜多倍体制种作为主攻方向，在寻找最佳繁育带、提高种子发芽率及南育南繁上摸索到一些规律和总结出一套行之有效的经验。在当前市场经济新形势下，江苏...     

玉米南繁育种综合技术措施

根据多年的南繁实践经验,对冬季海南岛南繁玉米育种主要技术环节进行总结。并针对选地、整地、播种、田间管理、虫鼠害防治、花期调控和收获晾晒等关键技术措施进行了详细论述。     

杂交水稻海南南繁基地对细条病发生的防治措施

海南是杂交水稻南繁基地，但海南岛较普遍发生细条病。简明扼要介绍了预防和防治方法。     

建平县玉米旋心虫发生情况及防治

旋心虫是辽宁省近年发生且危害逐渐加重的玉米虫害。本文介绍了辽宁省建平县玉米旋心虫发生情况、危害症状和防治方法,对辽宁省其他玉米产区有一定指导意义。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.