大豆转基因研究进展

本文介绍了大豆转基因中常用的方法:农杆菌介导法、电击法、PEG转化法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法等转基因的技术方法的研究进展及其在大豆抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂等方面转化外源基因上的应用状况。     

花粉管通道法转化外源DNA的转基因技术

介绍了花粉管通道法的产生、分类及影响因素,阐述了花粉管通道法转基因技术的分子验证过程,列举了花粉管通道法在各作物育种上的应用,提出花粉管通道法应选择最佳导入方法与时期,从而提高外源DNA导人效率和遗传信息转化率,提高性状的变异频率,获得广泛的变异,提供丰富的变异材料。     

我国大豆转基因研究进展

我国大豆转基因发展很快,本文就大豆转基因中常用的方法:农杆菌介导法、电击法、PEG转化法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法、农杆菌传导的原位基因转化等的技术环节、在大豆抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂等方面转化外源基因上的应用状况,大豆再生体系建立以及对国内大豆转基因的展望.     

提高大豆花粉管通道技术的转化率研究

试验用荧光显微镜观察了大豆花粉的萌发。花粉管的延伸和进入子房的情况。从形态学和解剖学角度分析了大豆采用花粉管通道技术转基因成功率低的原因。并提出利用该技术进行转化的有利时间以提高转化率。     

外源DNA花粉管通道途径导入机理研究进展

花粉管通道法由中国科学家提出,将基因工程和常规育种相结合,是一种颇具特色的转基因技术。详细地回顾了在花粉管通道技术转化机理研究方面的研究进展,并对花粉管通道技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

花粉管通道介导的抗除草剂基因(bar)对大豆的遗传转化

采用花粉管通道介导法将含有bar基因的pPTN140质粒DNA导入8个黑龙江省大豆主栽品种（系）,导入1384朵花,共获得1164粒种子,经2次Basta除草剂筛选后共获得3个品种的除草剂抗性植株8株.对其进行PCR以及PCR-Southern杂交检测均为阳性结果,Southern杂交结果显示,8个除草剂抗性后代植株整合数目不同,其中2株整合单拷贝基因,另外6株分别整合3～8个拷贝的bar基因.对8个抗性植株的后代进行了除草剂抗性分析,D1-D3代均出现除草剂抗性植株,表明bar基因可以在转基因植株后代中遗传,抗性遗传分析结果表明不同株系间以及株系内除草剂抗性缺乏规律性,分离比率不符合孟德尔遗传规律.说明大豆花粉管通道法转化基因存在多拷贝共抑制现象.目前获得除草剂抗性稳定的D3代株系82个.试验说明利用花粉管通道技术进行大豆转化是可行的.     

大豆花粉管通道法转化lkt50基因

采用花粉管通道法,将外源基因lkt50向大豆品种东农48和品系东农96-02导入.通过卡那霉素筛选,从所获得的种子苗中初选转化植株,进一步进行PCR、Southern blot及RT-PCR分子生物学检测.结果表明:在14株卡那霉素抗性材料中利用nptII基因的特异性引物有7株PCR阳性,利用lkt50基因特异性引物有2株PCR阳性,并且2株Southern blot及RT-PCR检测均呈现阳性,因此认为花粉管通道法可以用于大豆的转基因研究和应用.     

外源DNA直接导入大豆遗传变异的研究

利用花粉管通道导入法,将外源ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆中,供体的一些抗逆性,优质和其他优良性状,在受体的导入后代中得以表达,分析受体遗传变异规律,发现大豆蛋白质这一生化指标独立于其他农艺性状,是由简单基因控制的遗传,并且从变异后代中筛选出有突出优点且综合性状优良的新种质材料。     

早熟大豆外源DNA导入的RAPD分子验证

利用花粉管通道技术直接导入外源总ＤＮＡ，从而进行农作物品种改良，在国内外许多作物上已得到了广泛的应用。但外源总ＤＮＡ是否能够通过花粉管通道进入受体。后代的变异是不是由于外源总ＤＮＡ片段与受体基因组整合，表达所引起的，一直没有得到直接的分子生物学证据，本文利用ＲＡＰＤ这一分子生物学技术，对通过花粉管通导入外源总ＤＮＡ所获得的大豆早熟后代进行了分子验证。结果表明：在后代基因组中找到了供体具有而受体没有     

利用花粉管通道技术将抗虫基因导入大豆的研究

利用花粉管通道技术，将Bt基因导入大豆品种。对132株D1代植株进行PCR检测，得到5株阳性转化植株。再将获得的5株D1代阳性转化植株的种子放在温箱中发芽，提取DNA进行检测，结果得到2株D2代稳定遗传的阳性转化植株。用X－Glue溶液对转Bt基因132株D1代植株进行检测，结果没有发现阳性反应。另外，本实验还采用荧光制片方法从植物组织结构的角度证明利用花粉管通道方法导入外源基因的可行性，并提出花粉管通道方法操作的最佳时间为授粉后6－20h。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.