Vaccination of turkey breeder hens and toms for fowl cholera with CU strain

Unvaccinated laying breeder hens and semen-producing toms were susceptible to the CU strain of Pasteurella multocida and highly susceptible to a virulent strain of P. multocida. Laying breeders vaccinated with CU strain when environmental temperatures were low ceased egg production during the first week after vaccination and had 29% mortality, whereas those vaccinated when temperatures were moderate had only a 25% decrease in egg production and 17% mortality. Comparable nonlaying breeders vaccinated during moderate temperatures did not die. Although few semen-producing toms died postvaccination and the quantity and quality of semen was not affected, 21.7% developed torticollis. Laying breeders were protected against CU vaccine and challenge with virulent P. multocida if vaccinated every 4 weeks beginning when 7 weeks old. Potential breeders vaccinated before laying with combinations of 3 vaccinations via drinking water, wing-web puncture, or inoculation into the air spaces of the head through the auditory tube were protected against challenge after the onset of laying. However, vaccination via wing-web puncture at 25 weeks of age resulted in abscesses that failed to resolve. The combination of vaccinations most effective in protecting laying breeders was vaccination in the drinking water at 7 and 11 weeks and inoculation into the air spaces of the head at 15 weeks.     

禽霍乱的防制对策

１预防为主加强饲养管理，改善不良外界卫生环境，提高禽体的抗病力。２药物防制２．１氟喹诺酮类药物据近两年对禽霍乱病原菌做药敏试验，此类药均属高敏药物，且价格不高，饮水、拌料、注射均宜，副作用小，安全性高，成本较低，一般可作为首选药物，但此药尚属新兽药之类，应多注意长期使用情况。２．２磺胺类药物属于传统使用的防制禽霍乱病的药物，系抑菌药物，以磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶效果较好，一般按４００～５００mg／kg混合于饲料中应用效果良好且使用方便，尤其与三甲氧苄胺嘧啶（TMP）混合使用效果明显增加，如复方新诺明…     

应用小白鼠代替鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检的研究

为寻找其他有效的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的效检方法,应用小白鼠代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检.结果表明,小白鼠免疫时体重15～18 g,疫苗免疫剂量0.3 mL/只,免疫10 d后攻毒,攻毒时体重20～25 g,攻毒剂量5～9 CFU/只时,可代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检,判定标准为免疫组8/10以上保护,对照组5/5死亡为合格.本效检方法可缩短检验期限7 d,降低检验成本,具有敏感、特异、客观、简便等特点.     

Attenutated live fowl cholera vaccine. III. Laboratory and field vaccination trials in turkeys and chickens

Administered via the drinking water, M-3-G, an attenuated strain of Pasteurella multocida of serotype 1, was found to immunize turkeys and chickens against fowl cholera. Immunity was tested by challenging birds intramuscularly, by palatine cleft swab, or orally after 3 vaccinations. No reactions to vaccination were noted in 390 turkeys in 12 laboratory trials, nor in 20,245 vaccinated in field trials. Chickens showed no vaccination reactions, and immunity was elicited by challenge in a laboratory trial and in face of natural outbreaks in the field, where 11,600 chickens were vaccinated. No vaccination reactions were noted, although most birds involved in the trials were carrying Mycoplasma spp. Immunity was found to last about 10 weeks after the last vaccination. The immunizing properties of M-3-G are compared with the CU strain.     

近期禽霍乱发生特点及其防治

今年4～7月,山东周边省市多雨、气温忽高忽低,这种多变的气候是诱发该地区禽霍乱的主要因素。发病主要见于25～31周龄的产蛋鸡,尤其是肉种鸡,以急性型和慢性型禽霍乱为主,发病率20%～40%,死淘率1%～15%不等,病程2～4周。1流行特点本病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起鸡、鸭、鹅等多种禽类的最急性、急性和慢性传染病。当前发病以急性型和慢性型为主。同群的公鸡则很少发病。1.1急性型产蛋鸡多见,尤其是25～31周龄的肉种鸡,当产蛋率上升到30%～50%时,发病鸡群吃料时间延长,饮水明显增多,30%～40%的鸡拉黄绿稀粪,零星死亡,4000左右的鸡群每天死7～8只…     

Immunization of turkey breeder hens against fowl cholera by combined oral and wing-web administration of attenuated (CU) pasteurella multocida

Turkey breeder candidates were exposed to attenuated Pasteurella multocida (Clemson University strain) via both mouth (one or three times) and wing-web stick (one or two times). Significant protection lasting to 25-30 weeks post-vaccination was conferred under such immunization programs. The best protection with the fewest adverse effects of vaccination was established when orally vaccinated turkeys were subsequently vaccinated via wing-web at 20 and 25 weeks of age. High doses of attenuated P. multocida via wing-web produced lameness (synovitis and osteomyelitis) and severe wing lesions in growing turkeys.     

禽霍乱病诊治

禽霍乱是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起家禽一种急性败血性传染病。该病发病急,传播快,发病率死亡率高,诊治不及时会造成很大经济损失。下面就我市新风村一养鸡户,发生禽霍乱病诊治情况介绍如下。     

Effects of bursectomy, irradiation, and cyclophosphamide on turkeys vaccinated with CU cholera strain

Turkeys surgically bursectomized, irradiated, and/or injected with cyclophosphamide at 1 day were vaccinated with the live Clemson University (CU) strain of Pasteurella multocida. Bursectomized turkeys vaccinated via drinking water or wing-web puncture at 7 weeks and challenged at 11 weeks had a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower survival rate after challenge than unbursectomized controls. Bursectomized and unbursectomized turkeys vaccinated via drinking water at 7 weeks, revaccinated via the auditory tube at 11 weeks, and challenged at 15 weeks had similar survival rates. The vaccinated bursectomized turkeys had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower levels of serum anti-P. multocida antibody than vaccinated unbursectomized controls. Radiation had no immunosuppressive effect. The immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide was dosage-dependent. Bursectomy and injection of cyclophosphamide in the same turkey were complementary. It was concluded that in young turkeys, the development of immunity to the avirulent CU vaccine is highly dependent upon the bursa of Fabricius, but that as they grow older the bursa is of less importance, particularly if they were vaccinated via a parenteral route, such as in the air spaces of the head.     

Attenuated live fowl cholera vaccine. I. Development of vaccine strain M3G of Pasteurella multocida

A live cholera vaccine was developed from a virulent avian septicemia strain of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1. The virulent parental strain was mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine. Mutants were selected that had either smaller colonies at 37 C or temperature sensitivity for growth at 41 C. Four small-colony mutants and 2 temperature-sensitive mutants were studied. All the mutants were avirulent for turkeys. Sixteen days after turkeys were vaccinated with each mutant, both the vaccinates and unvaccinated controls were challenge-exposed to virulent P. multocida of the homologous serotype and the heterologous serotype 3. Two of the small-colony mutant strains protected against both homologous and heterologous challenge. Suggested for a live cholera vaccine is P. multocida M3G, a small-colony-forming mutant, innocuous for both mice and turkeys and stable against reversion.     

艾维茵肉鸡暴发禽霍乱的诊治

禽霍乱又称禽巴氏杆菌病,是由某些血清型的多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的鸡鸭鹅等禽类的接触性、败血性传染病,发病率和死亡率都很高,是禽类常见病之—,对养禽业的危害甚大。我市双流区某养殖户王某2004年2月购进艾维茵肉雏鸡2500余只,养至30日龄左右部分鸡只发生禽霍乱,经正确诊断和采取有效的防治措施,取得了良好的效果,现将情况报道如下:1发病情况该养殖场采用笼养方式饲养的30日龄左右的艾维茵肉鸡,部分突然出现精神不振、呼吸困难、喜饮水、剧烈腹泻等现象,经检测,新城疫、传支、传喉的抗体滴度属正常。当时饲料中加入地克珠利和饮水中加入氟哌…