Leukemogenic activity of filtrates from radiation-induced lymphoid tumors of mice

Cell-free filtrates of x-ray-induced lymphoid tumors of strain C57BL/ Ka mice have elicited, on injection into newborn isologous hosts, a lymphoma incidence of 15 to 19 percent. In control mice of the same subline, the incidence of spontaneous lymphoma is about 1 percent. No leukemogenic activity could be detected in filtrates from thymi harvested at 2 to 32 days following completion of x-ray treatment. Activity was evident at 64 days and was perhaps somewhat greater at 128 days. Serial cell-free passage of filtrates in newborn F(1) hybrid mice resulted in a marked increase in lymphoma incidence (69 percent), coupled with a shortening of the median latency. Supplementary x-irradiation failed to enhance the activity of filtrates after neonatal injection.     

腐植酸及pH对生物炭-铁锰氧化物复合材料吸附As(Ⅲ)的影响机理

采用振荡平衡法,研究不同用量和不同添加顺序的腐植酸(Humic acid,HA)对生物炭-铁锰氧化物复合材料(F1M4BC25)吸附As(Ⅲ)性能的影响及其机理。结果表明:添加不同浓度的HA对F1M4BC25吸附As(Ⅲ)的性能存在明显差异,与未添加HA相比,添加5 mg·L~(-1)的HA时最大吸附容量(Qm)为8.39 mg·g-1,增加了5.00%;添加10、50 mg·L~(-1)的HA时,Qm分别为7.59、5.25 mg·g-1,分别降低了5.00%和34.3%。不同HA添加顺序对F1M4BC25吸附As(Ⅲ)的性能有较大影响,Qm顺序为:后添加HA(5.82 mg·g-1)同时添加(5.20 mg·g-1)先添加HA(3.30 mg·g-1)。在初始pH=3时,F1M4BC25对As(Ⅲ)吸附能力高于pH=6时。两种pH条件下吸附平衡后溶液的pH值均增大,初始pH=3时增幅大于初始pH=6时;两种pH条件下DOC浓度大小顺序均为:后添加HA同时添加先添加HA。研究表明,低浓度HA以及弱酸性条件有利于F1M4BC25对水体中As(Ⅲ)的去除,高浓度HA能够与As(Ⅲ)产生竞争吸附。     

Concanavalin A in vivo: induction of hemorrhagic skin lesions (Arthus-like reactions) in mice

Concanavalin A injected into the skin of mice induced the formation of hemorrhagic Arthus-like lesions. No lesions resulted if concanavalin A was adsorbed with insoluble (a2)- macroglobulin or if mice were first treated with nitrogen mustard. The ability of concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or pokeweed mitogen to induce skin lesions seemed to parallel their ability to precipitate serum proteins.     

大豆抗胞囊线虫基因不同世代遗传率的变化

大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)是我国大豆的主要病害之一,研究大豆对胞囊线虫的抗性遗传对于培育抗病品种有重要意义。将大豆Essex×ZDD2315组合衍生的后代F2、F2∶3、BC1F2和BC1F4分别接种大豆胞囊线虫1号和4号生理小种,以研究大豆抗胞囊线虫基因不同世代抗性遗传率的变化。结果表明:ZDD2315对1号生理小种的抗性受主效基因控制,未发现多基因效应,在F2∶3、BC1F2和BC1F4世代,主基因遗传率分别为62.15%、72.02%和90.91%;ZDD2315对4号生理小种的抗性受主基因和多基因控制,在F2、F2∶3、BC1F2和BC1F4世代,主基因遗传率分别为65.03%、57.81%、67.76%和95.91%。说明大豆对胞囊线虫1号和4号生理小种的抗性主要受主效基因控制,主基因遗传率比较高,但不同世代检测到的主基因数不同,不同世代主基因遗传率不同,随着世代的提高,主基因遗传率也在提高,因此,育种上高世代选择效果更佳。     

节节麦与普通小麦杂交后代的遗传多样性分析

运用SSR标记的方法,对节节麦SQ-214与普通小麦杂交后代的BC1F2群体的64份材料和高代系群体的147份材料在D基因组上的68个SSR位点的遗传多样性进行了分析.结果表明:68对SSR引物在杂交后代的两个群体等位变异位点较多,BC1F2群体共检测到67个位点有变异,等位变异数为212个,主要集中在3D染色体上.高代系中58个位点有变异,等位变异数为184个,等位变异位点多集中在2D上.BC1F2和高代系群体在D基因组的7条染色体上遗传多样性的表现不一致,BC1F2在7条染色体上的遗传多样性显著高于高代系,等位变异分布较高代系均衡.BC1F2材料间的遗传多样性高于高代系.由此可知,节节麦与普通小麦杂交衍生后代具有较高的遗传多样性,可用于进一步改良小麦;同一衍生亲本的衍生后代具有较大的遗传分化,尤其是在随机群体;经过选择后的群体遗传多样性会明显的降低.     

快速导入小麦多个优质HMW-GS基因方法和效果的研究

 采用回交转育、特异性PCR分子标记辅助选育与蛋白质电泳筛选，结合温室和大田种植，将Soissons携带的多个优质HMW-GS基因导入高产小麦品系1718。特异性PCR检测BC1、BC2、BC3和BC3F1代随机群体的Dx5基因分布符合1对等位基因的遗传分离比例1:1；从BC2代到BC3F2代，结合HMW-GSDx5基因分子标记辅助选育和其它农艺性状常规选择，筛选出携带优质HMW-GSDx5基因、又与轮回亲本农艺性状相似的单株后，进行回交或者自交；在BC3F2代中已获得携带优质HMW-GSDx5基因、农艺性状稳定、且又与轮回亲本相似的株系1718-4；在BC3F2后代中，蛋白质电泳筛选出携带1、7+8、5+10亚基的单株1718-4-6和1718-4-10。两新品系1718-4-6和1718-4-10保留了轮回亲本高产特性，且品质性状明显提高。在聚合多种优质HMW-GS基因和改良高产小麦品系品质育种中，回交转育、HMW-GS基因分子标记辅助选育与高代蛋白质电泳筛选相结合是一种定向、快速、有效的育种途径。     

大豆三系的选育及恢复基因的SSR初步定位研究

以栽培大豆ZD8319为母本,分别与SG01、JX03和PI004杂交,再用父本回交5次,选育出阜CMS1A、阜CMS2A和阜CMS3A三个高度不育的不育系。正反交结果表明,这3个不育系为质核互作不育系（CMS）,花粉为典败型不育,且不育性稳定。与3个不育系广泛测交,筛选与不育系配合力高、育性恢复力强的强优势组合,从中鉴定出恢复度高的恢复系5个（蒙-06,YC04,阜84-5-4,ZY9010,Z9001）,使栽培大豆质核互作不育系三系配套。通过测交发现,阜CMS1A、阜CMS2A比阜CMS3A育性易被恢复。用这2个不育系和5个恢复系的核基因组DNA为模板,进行简单重复序列（simple sequence repeat, SSR）分析,从60对核心引物中筛选出在2个不育系和5个恢复系间有特异带的SSR引物,分别为Satt143、Satt168、Satt441。表明这3个SSR标记是与恢复基因有关的3个等位位点。并把恢复基因初步定位于2个分离群体上的6个连锁群上。     

玉米果穗秃尖性状遗传分析

 【目的】采用秃尖与不秃尖两种结实类型的育种材料分析玉米果穗秃尖性状的遗传特点。【方法】试验以不秃尖类型自交系lx01-3和秃尖类型自交系wx04-1及其F1、F2、BC1、BC2群体为试验材料,采用低密度种植以促进植株个体发育,分析各世代群体的果穗秃尖表现。【结果】F1代植株的果穗均为秃尖类型。果穗秃尖与不秃尖类型的分离比例在F2群体中为12.78﹕1,在BC1群体中为2.75﹕1。经卡方测验,符合2对基因间存在重叠作用的遗传特点。SPSS分析表明,F2群体中秃尖类型果穗的秃尖长度性状分布曲线呈明显的偏态分布。【结论】（1）结实类型是由2对存在重叠作用的基因所控制的质量性状。秃尖类型对不秃尖类型为显性;（2）秃尖长度属于存在主效基因作用的数量性状。     

Molecular Marker Assisted Selection for Yield-Enhancing Genes in the Progeny of Minghui63 × O.rufipogon

Two yield-enhancing genes (yldl.1 and yld2.1) are located on chromosomes 1 and 2 respectively in a weedy relative of cultivated rice, Oryza rufipogon. SSR markers RM9 and RM166 are closely linked with the two loci respectively. Minghui63 (MH63) has been a widely used restoration line in hybrid rice production in China during the past two decades. The F1 of cross "MH63 × O.rufipogon" was backcrossed with MH63 generation by generation. RM9 and RM166 were used to select the plants from the progeny of the backcross populations. The results were as follows: (1) In BC2F1 population, the percentage of the individuals which have RM9 and RM166 amplified bands simultaneously was 12.2%, while in the BC3F1 population, that was 16.3%. (2) Among 400individuals of BC3F1, four yield-promising plants were obtained, with yield being 30% more than that of MH63. (3) The products amplified by primer RM166 in O. rufipogon and MH63 were sequenced. It was found that the DNA fragment sequence amplified by RM166 from MH63 was 101 bp shorter than that from O. rufipogon. The 101 bp sequence is a part of an intron of the PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) gene.     

大豆M型质核互作雄性不育恢复基因的遗传研究

用M型质核互作雄性不育系W931A(A)、同型保持系W931B(B)及3个地理来源不同的恢复系WR99032(R1)、WR0088(R2)、WR0108(R3)及其测交后代群体F1(A×B)、F2、BC1a(A×F1)、BC1b(F1×B)、F1a[A×(恢复系×恢复系)F1]、F1b[(恢复系×恢复系)F1×B]作为试验材料,以花粉育性和植株育性指标对不育系的育性恢复特性进行了初步分析.结果表明:大豆M型质核互作雄性不育系属配子体不育,3个不同来源恢复系的育性恢复受一对显性主效恢复基因控制,可能还存在微效修饰基因;3个恢复系的细胞质均为可育细胞质;恢复系R1与R2、R3的恢复基因呈非等位性,恢复系R2与R3的恢复基因呈等位性.     

披碱草和野大麦及其杂种回交后代的农艺特性研究

[目的]探明BC1F3代对亲本(披碱草和野大麦)优良特性的继承情况、杂种优势及育性恢复情况。[方法]重点对披碱草和野大麦及其BC1F3代的农艺性状,包括生育期、生长速度、花粉育性、结实性、再生性和株丛鲜草产量等进行系统的比较研究。[结果]BC1F3代各株系的生长节律趋向于亲本野大麦,不同株系的生育天数有所不同,但都接近轮回亲本野大麦;BC1F3代不同株系花粉育性和结实性有较大差异,但回交后各株系的花粉育性和结实性都有一定程度的提高,YF3-93花粉育性已经超过亲本野大麦,自然结实率也较高。有的株系花粉育性和开放授粉结实率较低,如PF3-52。BC1F3代各株系产草量有较大变异,不同株系间存在明显的差异,如YF3-64、YF3-74和YF3-83的杂种优势分别为75.53%、75.12%和66.16%,而PF3-52、PF3-15、YF3-42产草量不及亲本。[结论]该研究为培育适合干旱、盐渍生境的牧草新品种提供了依据。     

长豇豆抗枯萎病的遗传

两个抗镰刀菌枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.f.sp.tracheiphilum)的长豇豆品种“猪肠豆”和“珠燕”分别与感病品种“红嘴燕”及“四季青”进行正、反杂交及回交。用分离自广州地区的5个长豇豆枯萎病菌株的混合孢子液进行苗期人工接种鉴定,测定亲本F_1、F_2及回交群体的抗病性。遗传分析的结果表明:“猪肠豆”与“珠燕”这两个抗源品种对枯萎病的抗性均受一个显性基因控制。     

小麦糯性与紫粒的遗传分析

 【目的】研究糯麦和紫粒麦中糯性和紫粒性状的遗传特性,为培育紫糯小麦新种质提供指导。【方法】以糯小麦C75与紫粒小麦03初3为材料,通过正反杂交,并与糯小麦C75回交,根据后代表型,分析糯性和粒色性状的遗传特性并选育紫糯小麦。【结果】紫粒为母性影响遗传,紫色基因具有剂量效应;在F2:3中,紫色与红色籽粒株的比例符合9﹕7,在BC1F2中,该比例为1﹕3,说明紫粒受2对显性互补基因控制;杂交组合F2:3 的籽粒非糯株与糯株的分离比例符合63﹕1,测交组合BC1F2中,该比例为7﹕1,表明糯性性状受3对相互独立重叠互作的隐性基因控制,非糯为显性性状;控制紫色性状与控制糯性的基因相互独立;经过自交纯化,共收获了5个糯性基因和紫粒基因皆纯合的紫糯小麦新种质。【结论】紫粒呈2对显性互补基因控制的母性影响遗传,隐性性状糯性受3对独立重叠基因控制,采用恰当的杂交育种策略可获得紫糯小麦新种质。     

不同回交次数对改进小麦若干农艺性状的效果

本文在1980～1984年配制9个回交组合的基础上进行研究的,主要结果:1.回交二代中通过选择能获得所需早熟、矮秆具有供体性状应有强度的植株。2.轮回亲本的主要经济性状可在回交二代(BC_2)或回交自交后代(BC_1F_1,BC_2F_1)中基本得到恢复。8.回交世代性状选育效果取决于纯合率速度并与狭义遗传力及性状基因效应趋势基本一致。4.回交二代的净增纯合体百分率与X％=〔(2~m-1)/2~m〕~n公式计算得的纯合率基本相符,由此可推知控制性状的基因数目。BC_1F_1若干性状的纯合体百分率约为回交一代的1/2～1/3左右。5.对于每穗粒数、千粒重等遗传力高的性状,可结合杂交育种工作采用有限回交同步改良。在严格选择轮回亲本的基础上,通过回交二代可获得保持(或超过)原品种主要优良性状兼具矮秆或半矮秆、早熟、穗重型的材料。     

Three recessive loci required for insulin-dependent diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice

A polygenic basis for susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice has been established by outcross to a related inbred strain, nonobese normal (NON). Analysis of first and second backcross progeny has shown that at least three recessive genes are required for development of overt diabetes. One, Idd-1s, is tightly linked to the H-2K locus on chromosome 17; another, Idd-2s, is localized proximal to the Thy-1/Alp-1 cluster on chromosome 9. Segregation of a third, Idd-3s, could be shown in a second backcross. Neither Idd-1s nor Idd-2s could individually be identified as the locus controlling insulitis; leukocytic infiltrates in pancreas were common in most asymptomatic BC1 mice. Both F1 and BC1 mice exhibited the unusually high percentage of splenic T lymphocytes characteristic of NOD, suggesting dominant inheritance of this trait. The polygenic control of diabetogenesis in NOD mice, in which a recessive gene linked to the major histocompatibility complex is but one of several controlling loci, suggests that similar polygenic interactions underlie this type of diabetes in humans.     

The Herbicidal Activity of Mutant Isolates from Botrytis cinerea

Fifteen mutant isolates were obtained by ultraviolet mutation from parent isolate Botrytis cinerea BC-4. Among them three mutant isolates, BC4-1, BC4-2, and BC4-15, showed strong herbicidal activity. BC4-1 showed maximum herbicidal activity for inhibition of germination and growth of Digitaria sanguinalis L. and Arnaranthus retroflexus L. The results also showed that herbicidal activity was influenced by differing pH of PD media, with pH value of 4.0 being the optimum. The crude toxin was extracted using chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate, respectively, and the ethyl acetate extracts showed the strongest inhibitory activity on the germination and growth of D. sanguinalis L. and A. retroflexus L. Using HPLC, one fraction with an absorption peak at 271 nm was separated from the crude toxin. This fraction could strongly inhibit the growth of D. sanguinalis L. at a concentration of 100 mg L^-1 and could completely inhibit the seed germination of D. sanguinalis L. and A. retroflexus L. at a concentration of 50 mg L^-1 .     

两个水稻改良抗源对纹枯病抗性的遗传研究

在连续２年的试验中研究了水稻品种特青和Ｊａｓｍｉｎｅ８５对纹枯病抗性的遗传。对亲本、Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｆ３和回交世代的接种结果表明，在与感病亲本Ｃｙｐｒｅｓｓ和Ｍａｙｂｅｌｅ杂交的组合中，２个抗源表现分别具有一对显性抗纹枯病基因。这２个主效基因是不等位且彼此独立的，它们相结合时可能表现一定程度的基因加性效应     

陆地棉黄萎病抗性的遗传研究

以７个陆地棉品种配制的６个组合的Ｐ１,Ｐ２,Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１,ＢＣ２群体和６个组合的Ｐ１,Ｐ２,Ｆ２群体为材料,接种菌系采自于河北省棉区的２个中等致病力菌系,在人工生长室条件下研究了陆地棉的黄萎病抗性遗传方式。结果表明,陆地棉品种９３抗１２,鼓泽７０和苏２０２８具有中等致病力菌系的抗性。在抗,感材料杂交分离群体中,抗,感植株的分布表现为主基因控制的质量遗传分布特征。     

Inheritance of Ear Tip-Barrenness Trait in Maize

The aim of this paper is to study the inheritance pattern of ear tip-barrenness trait in maize （Zea mays L.）. Ear tipbarrenness trait in maize can be classified into two types, tip-barren and tip-barrenless. Two inbred lines, lx01-3 （tipbarrenless type）, wx04-1 （tip-barren type）, and their F1, F2, BC1, BC2 generations were analyzed on their ear tip-barrenness types. Results showed that F1 was tip-barren type; the ratio of tip-barren type versus tip-barrenless type followed a 12.78： 1 ratio in F2 segregation population and a 2.75：1 ratio in BC1. Z2 test indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness type followed an inheritance pattern of 2 duplicate dominant genes. SPSS analysis indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness length is of abnormal distribution. Above results mean that： （1） The trait of maize ear tip-barrenness type is controlled by 2 duplicate dominant genes; tip-barren type is dominant over tip-barrenless type; （2） the trait of tip-barrenness length is a quantitative character controlled by polygene with major genes expected.     

中国高粱胞质雄性不育系“吉农105”育性遗传特性的研究

以中国高粱胞质雄性不育系“吉农１０５”为研究试材,用９个常用高粱恢复系与之杂交,并对其杂种后代Ｆ１、Ｆ２及ＢＣ１的育性分离比例进行了统计调查。结果表明：供试杂种在Ｆ１代全部表现育性恢复,在Ｆ２代发生了育性分离,其比例为可育：不育＝３：１,同时在ＢＣ１代也发生了育性分离,其比例为可育：不育＝１：１。根据孟德尔的遗传分离规律,可以推断控制“吉农１０５”的细胞核内的雄性不育基因为１对隐性基因。