Antidiabetic potential of Butea monosperma in rats

The antihyperglycemic activity of the ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma (BMEE) was studied in glucose-loaded and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Single dose treatment of BMEE (200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved glucose tolerance and caused reduction in blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Repeated oral treatment with BMEE (200 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks significantly reduced blood glucose, serum cholesterol and improved HDL-cholesterol and albumin as compared to diabetic control group.     

Antidiabetic potential of Barleria lupulina extract in rats

The methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina orally tested at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg exerted significant antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats [correction].     

Antidiabetic potential of Phyllanthus reticulatus in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

The plant Phyllanthus reticulatus is claimed to have antidiabetic activity in tribal area. To validate the tribal claim, the petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of leaves of the P. reticulatus were orally tested at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for hypoglycemic effect in alloxan induces diabetic mice. It shows antidiabetic activity at the dose of 1000 mg/kg. The phytochemical screening of the residues revealed the presence of terpenoids glycosides, protein, carbohydrates and absence of alkaloids and steroids.     

Antidiabetic activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts in rats

The seed extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella were subjected to screening of antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced hyperglycemia. The oral administration of the extracts (300 mg/kg) produced significant antihyperglycemic action as well as it lowered the BUN levels significantly. In the same study the action of the extracts on diabetes induced hyperlipidemia was analyzed where the extracts significantly lowered the elevated cholesterol as well as LDL level. The antihyperglycemic action of the extracts may be due to the blocking of glucose absorption. The drug has the potential to act as antidiabetic as well as antihyperlipidemic.     

Antidiabetic properties of aqueous barks extract of Parinari excelsa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The aqueous extract of the Parinari excelsa barks at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day for 7 days has a significant antihyperglycemic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. At the same dose the acute oral administration of aqueous extract of the P. excelsa barks (100 and 300 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease of blood glucose on glucose-loaded normoglycaemic rats. Our results seem to confirm the rational bases for its use in traditional medicine.     

Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

In light of the traditional claim of Cyperus rotundus in the treatment of diabetes, investigations were carried out to evaluate its effect on alloxan induced hyperglycemia in rats. Oral daily administration of 500 mg/kg of the extract (once a day for seven consecutive days) significantly lowered the blood glucose levels. This antihyperglycemic activity can be attributed to its antioxidant activity as it showed the strong DPPH radical scavenging action in vitro.     

农田防护林胁地效应及其解决对策

论述了防护林带胁地原因及胁地范围与树种和林带宽度的关系,在防护效益不减的情况下,通过物理、化学和生物学措施,提出了解决林带胁地的几种途径,从而减少了林带的副效应,起到了减少林带占地、减轻林带胁地的作用,从而提高了整个防护林体系的效益。     

APPLICATION AND EFFECTS OF RARE-EARTH ON SEEDLINGS

In order to improve the quality of seedlings and economic benefits,rare--earth experiments were carried out on eleven seedling-age-types of four silvicultral treespecies.Some indexes such as the increment,biomass and chlorophyl content weredetermined.The results showed that rare-earth can improve the growth in height anddiameter,increase the bioprductivity and increase the mean benefit by887766.29 yuan/hm~2.It is an effective method to improve the quality of seedlings for the characters such as lowcost and easy grasping.And the method can be widely used in seedling.     

浅谈冰冻灾害对湖南森林资源的影响

简述了湖南森林资源冰冻灾害概况,分析了冰冻灾害对不同类型森林资源的影响,并提出了灾后重建的建议。     

Antioxidative and acute antiinflammatory effects of Torreya grandis

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of seeds of Torreya grandis (EST). Exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to the extract at 50 and 250 microg/ml showed significant protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (300 microM). EST not only protected cell survival from H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity, but also inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced LDH release significantly. It was also found that EST at 100 and 1000 microg/ml showed scavenging activities of radicals and reactive oxygen species with 29.8% and 100.0% of inhibition against DPPH radical and 41.2% and 98.4% against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Topically applied EST dose-dependently inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice.     

Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Capparis zeylanica leaves

The ethanol and water extracts of Capparis zeylanica leaves showed dose-dependent and significant (P<0.05) increases in pain threshold in tail-immersion test. Moreover, both the extracts (100-200 mg/kg) exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing and also showed a significant (P<0.001) inhibition of both phases of the formalin pain test. The water extract (200 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) reversed yeast-induced fever. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, proteins and carbohydrates.     

PP333对盆栽矮牵牛的矮化和促进开花效应

盆栽矮牵牛施用ＰＰ３３３能有效地抑制营养生长，矮化株型，枝叶紧凑，开花部位集中，防止倒伏，明显地提高了观赏价值，在营养生长期，植经１５．３－３６．１％，冠径缩小１４．１－３０．８％。在开花期。植株矮化３２．９－６４．５％，冠径缩小１５．３－５４．４％。ＰＰ３３３可明显延长开花期７－１４天，增加开花数量。处理时间以营养生长期为宜，花蕾形成后处理效果不明显。处理浓度４０ｍｇ／Ｌ－８０ｍｇ／Ｌ为佳，１０     

The effects of logging and disease on American chestnut

Disturbance histories drive spatiotemporal patterns of species distributions, and multiple disturbances can have complex effects on these patterns of distribution. The introduction of the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murril.) Barr.) to the eastern United States in the early 1900s coincided with an increase in logging, thus presenting an ideal situation for studying the effect of two disturbance events, logging and disease. The purpose of this study was to compare chestnut (Castanea dentata) abundance and the prevalence of chestnut blight among (1) sites that were and were not logged for chestnuts during the blight pandemic and (2) sites that varied in time since the last logging event. Current chestnut abundance and chestnut blight prevalence were assessed in areas where chestnut was known to occur before the blight. Elevation, soil pH, slope, aspect, age of canopy trees, and presence or absence of chestnut stumps indicating selective logging of chestnuts were recorded at each site. Chestnuts were more abundant on sites that had not been selectively logged for pre-blight chestnuts. Chestnut presence was more likely at high elevations (857 m ± 33 m). Chestnut abundance was greater at high elevations (>1000 m) and acidic soils (pH 4-5). Chestnut blight prevalence was not correlated with any measured environmental variable. Rather, 15.1% of all chestnut stems were infected with blight regardless of chestnut density. Thus, higher chestnut abundance is not due to lower mortality from the chestnut blight, although the temporal dynamics of blight infection and stem recovery were not within the scope of this study. This research shows that local rates of chestnut population decline differ between locations with different chestnut logging histories. Chestnut site preferences are better understood within the context of history, and thus teasing apart the effects of disease, logging, and environment will result in more successful chestnut restoration efforts.     

Antioxidative and radical scavenging effects of olive cake extract

The antioxidative activity of different butanol extract fractions of olive cake was investigated. Four fractions showed marked antioxidative activity in comparison with BHT. Fractions tested also showed good hydrogen donating abilities, indicating that they had effective activities as radical scavengers. Coumaric, ferulic, cinnamic acids and oleuropein were isolated.     

Endothelium-independent effects of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on vascular tension

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulating effects of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin on vascular tension, using in the in vitro model of isolated rat aorta. Our results indicated that both phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin significantly relaxed the sustained contraction induced by phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, endothelial removal had no significant influence on the vasorelaxation responses of the aortic rings toward these two compounds. Furthermore, both compounds inhibited the contraction of aortic muscle provoked by either PE (1 μM) or KCl (40 mM) as well as the spontaneous contraction of the Ca²⁺-depleted muscle. In high K⁺- Ca²⁺ free solution, phyllanthin (100 μM), but not hypophyllanthin, significantly inhibited the contractile responses upon cumulative addition of CaCl₂. Both compounds (100 μM) significantly inhibited PE-induced contraction in Ca²⁺-free condition, but could not affect caffeine-induced contraction. Taken together, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin could modulate the vascular tension via the endothelium-independent mechanisms. The modulating effects of both compounds were possibly involved with the blockade of Ca²⁺ entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibition of PE-mediated Ca²⁺ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

人工针阔混交林的综合效益

人工针阔混交林的培育，不但能提高森林的覆被率，保护森林的生态系统，调节森林的林种结构，而且能提高森林的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益。本文通过对人工针阔混交林的调查分析，评价了混交林的综合效益，为今后大面积培育混交林提供了科学依据。     

Antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of Carthamus lanatus aerial parts

Fractions of methanol, dichloromethane, water extracts and volatiles of Carthamus lanatus aerial parts given by oral route at a dose of 2 mg/kg showed significant antiinflammatory activities in rats. On the contrary, only the water fraction of MeOH extract possesses a significant analgesic activity.     

穿山薯蓣的药理作用及栽培技术

穿山薯蓣 (Dioscorea nipponica Makino)，别名穿山龙、地龙骨、野山药，为薯蓣科薯蓣属植物。主要分布于辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、河北、内蒙古、山西、陕西，次产于山东、甘肃、河南、江西、浙江、福建等省区。喜生于山坡灌木丛、疏林下、路旁、草地以及土层较厚的石缝中。穿山薯蓣分布范围广、适生性强、用途广、栽培繁殖容易，但目前仍处于野生状态，尚未开发利用。因此，人工栽培繁殖穿山薯蓣市场潜力巨大、极具开发利用价值。 1形态特征 　　穿山薯蓣为多年生缠绕草本，根状茎横走，肉质呈稍弯曲的圆柱状，具分枝、外皮黄褐色、常呈现片…     

植物园建设与生态旅游探讨

当代植物园具有保护、科研、科普、游憩等四大功能，也正是其生态旅游资源的特色所在：自然优美的植物景观，独特的生态文化，丰富的科学内涵，植物园生态旅游定位是以吸引本市居民为主的休闲观光旅游，植物园建设与发展旅游中应注意保持植物园生态旅游特色，丰富和完善植物园的基本功能，强化生态文化建设。     

Sedative and anticonvulsant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Equisetum arvense

The hydroalcoholic extract of Equisetum arvense (HAE) tested at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed a significant activity on the open-field, enhanced the number of falls in the rota-rod reducing the time of permanence in the bar and increased the sleeping time (46% and 74%) in the barbiturate-induced sleeping time. In the pentylenetetrazole-seizure, it increased the first convulsion latency, diminished the severity of convulsions, reduced the percentage of animals which developed convulsion (50% and 25%) and protected animals from death. On the contrary, in the elevated plus maze, the doses 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg did not affect the evaluated parameters. Thus, HAE presented anticonvulsant and sedative effects. Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of tannins, saponins, sterols and flavonoids.