Discussion about the Comprehensive Harnessing the Water Environment for Yulin River Valley

With the comprehensive harnessing the Yulin River in Chongqing, the harnessing model of the secondary rivers in Three Gorges Reservoir Area is discussed. It is believed that as for the comprehensive harnessing the water environment, the valley should be considered as a unit based on the whole ecosystem in the valley and the comprehensive consideration of the factors, influencing the ecology, resources, economy is needed in planning, protecting, improving and utilizing the water environment, in order to realize the sustainable development of the water environment in the valley. Moreover, the object, principles, measures of comprehensive harnessing the water environment in the valley were given.     

PAHs Concentration Level Evaluation of Water Purification Plants in Three Gorges Area

With GC/MS Approach, PAHs in raw water and effluent of six water purification plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area are analyzed quantificationally. Six species of PAHs such as acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene and acenaphthylene are determined. Of which, fluoranthene is priority pollutant firstly listed by SEPA. The results show that there are several variety of PAHs in raw water and effluent in water purification plants of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, but on the whole, PAHs concentration level is low. The results also show that PAHs removal capacity of conventional water treatment techniques is poor.     

Study on Treatment and Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes after Completion of Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River

After completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River, protecting and improving the ecological environment of this area is becoming increasingly important factor in comprehensive progress of the economy and society of Chongqing City. The industrial solid wastes are one of the crucial factors influencing the environment quality of Three Gorges Area and they are also the hot and difficult problems influencing the development of economy and society of Chongqing City. At this point, firstly, the discharge, present situation, prospect and development of treatment and utilization of industrial wastes in Chongqing are summarized. Secondly, the experience at home and abroad are analyzed. Then, the way and foreground for recycling the wastes with new technology are also discussed. Finally, countermeasure for treatment and utilization of industrial solid wastes after completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River is brought up. The study on treatment and utilization technology of industrial solid wastes will be beneficial not only to the protection of ecological environment of Three Gorges Area, but to the development of new Chongqing City as well. In a word, it will have great environmental, social and economic benefits.     

三峡库区次级河流污染现状与对策研究

沉水植物金鱼藻和黑藻在治理三峡库区次级河流水体污染具有广阔前景,对保护三峡水库的水环境贡献很大,在库区水体中可以发挥强大的环境生态功能。本文通过分析三峡库区次级河流的环境问题,预测了金鱼藻和黑藻在库区的应用前景,即防止水体富营养化、有机物污染、重金属污染、抑制藻类生长,以及维持生物多样性、生态完整性和稳定性。     

Nonlinear Science and Control about the Geological Hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Such the geological hazards as landslide, rockfall, debris-flow and so on frequently occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, so it is a very practical and immediate job to explore the mechanism caused the geological hazards and how to forecast and control the geological hazards. For this reason, this paper introduces the situation of the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the major type and feature of the geological hazards occurred in Chongqing, and discusses the basic principle about the modern nonlinear science applied to the geological hazards and the creep-slip, stick-slip occurred on the joints of rock mass and the monitoring technology of the geological hazards.The basic thinking is put forward which can be applied the modern nonlinear science to the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.     

Harmonious Town Development in Wujiang River Basin and Three Gorges Area

The relations between construction of Three Gorges Project and development of Wujiang River Basin are illustrated from three aspects. The importance of harmonious township development in Wujiang River Basin and Three Gorges Area is discussed and the strategies for harmonious development are proposed. Firstly, to promote the hydroelectric power development of the stream and accelerate the urbanization of Wujiang River Basin; next, establish rational urban system structure to realize the regional harmonious development within Three Gorges Area. Detailed proposition is given in this paper to establish the spatial relations between Wujiang River Basin and Three Gorges Area and further suggestion is put forward to perform research on urbanization and urban systems in these areas.     

Analytical and Calculative Method of Stability of MingShan Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

After the dam of the Three Gorges is built, the raising water will inevitably cause the revival of the part of ancient landslide and the generation of new landslide ,which will influence the town development and traffic safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In the light of the specific conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, this paper, taking Fengdu's MingShan landslide in Chongqing for an example, has considered ten typical calculative projects, offered the correspondent load systems acting on the sliding mass and put forward the analytical and calculative method to evaluate the stability of a landslide. The ten typical calculative projects include dry season(natural state), raining season (rainstorm or rain for a long period of time), dry season and water level (175m ) of the reservoir, raining season and water level (175 m) of the reservoir, dry season and earthquake, raining season and earthquake, dry season and water level (175 m ) of the reservoir and earthquake, raining season and water level (175 m) of the reservoir and earthquake, dry season and water level lowered from 175 m to 145 m, raining seasons and water level lowered from 175 m to 145 m, and so on.     

Evolution and Development Characteristics of Streets in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

City street construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has a specific character. Some streets have characteristics adapted to changing water levels in the reservoir and to topography. In this paper, we analyze the development course and building char     

Water Pollution and Counter-Measures in the Three Gorges Dam Area

Water pollution in the Three Gorges Dam Area has resulted mainly from the haphazard drainage of industrial waste water and domestic sewage and free toss of rubbish along the Yangtze River. When the dam begins to store water in march, 2003, the environment in the dam area have to face a greater threat. Through the analyses of the reality, characteristics, causes, etc, and analysis of the water pollution in the dam area, there is enough reason to firmly believe that to control and wipe out water pollution here the first thing to be done is ban the haphazard drainage of waste water and the free toss of rubbish and make an effective combination of preservation, disposal and control of waste material. In addition, people's conseiousness of environmental protection should be promoted.     

Research on Development of Lateral Aviation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Yangtze River

There is a promising future for lateral aviation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Yangtze River because of the abundant natural and cultural tourism resources.The advantage of the lateral aviation is its low investment,convenience,speed,and wide service area.It is an important factor for the future development of tourism in cities in this area.This paper analyzes the realities and problems facing lateral aviation in this area and suggests some countermeasures and planning suggestions for lateral aviation development.     

Estimation of the N and P Contributions to the Water Quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir

The elements N and P are crucial to the water quality of Three Gorges Reservoir. After the present situation and characteristics of N and P pollutions analyzed and statistical method, flux method and modeling method adopted to estimate the quantity of N and P from upstream and reservoir area, the pollution loads of point and no-point pollution source, the conclusion that the main source of N and P pollutants are from both upstream of Reservoir and non-point pollution.     

Analysis on Influence of Gases Generated by Anaerobic Fermentation of Solid Organic Wastes to Atmosphere in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The gases generated by anaerobic fermentation of organic solid wastes in Three Gorges Reservoir Area are CH_4,CO_2,H_2S,NH_3,H_2 and some micro-gases.Data analysis shows that in the cities and towns of Three Gorges Reservoir Area,4 380 thousand tones of garbage,3 800 thousand tones of faecal were generated each year.In landfill of the garbage in average of 290 millions kg of CH_4 was generated,also in average of 230 millions kg of CH_4 was generated from the faecal.CH_4 is a very important greenhouse gas;the proportion of its contribution to greenhouse effect is next to CO_2.Other gases only have small influence on the whole atmospheric environment.     

Geological Disasters and Their Damage in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

In this paper, the possible geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area are reviewed. Firstly, the types of geological disasters are classified and their influencing factors and growth characteristics are analyzed, then the damages, which have happened in this area up to now, are listed. On this basis, five aspects of dangers brought by geological disasters to society and economic environment are analyzed. Finally, a conclusion was drawn that the geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area have done some harms to this area and the situation becomes worse than before. So some reasonable measures should be taken quickly.     

Development and Application of the Modelbase in Water Pollution Control Planning Geographic Information System

Modelbase(MB) takes an important role in Water Pollution Control Planning Geographic Information System(WPCPGIS),which endows the system with functions of water environmental simulation,data analysis,predicting,and providing feasible advices.Modelbase(MB) is the focus of this paper,with VB as the programme language,GeoMedia as the system developing platform and Microsoft Access as the database software.At the same time,the WPCPGIS Modelbase is applied in the water pollution control planning of Daxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,the water environment system relatively is simulated well,provicling planning-maker and decision-maker numerous useful informations:the distribution of pollution source,the situation of water quality,the environmental capacity of water,the situation of water quality in designing year,etc.The result of Modelbase can also be visually displayed in the digital map of GIS,therefore WPCPGIS can be directly applied to the decision-making of Water Pollution Control Planning.     

Development and Apllication of an Intergrated Emergency Lightening System for Water Pollutant Accident Management in the Three Gorges Basin

An integrated water pollution management system for the Three Gorges Reservior Area (TGRA) titled as WPMIS_ER_TGRA was developed as an information based techenical tool for emergency response on water pollutant accident.ArcGIS Engine, a Geographic Information System (GIS) Module Warehouse, was used as programme developing platform, and Visual Basic (VB) as programming language.The mathematical models for hydraulic and water quality simulation were developed and integrated in the system and programmed as a DLL file via VB.WPMIS_ER_TGRA owns a new function of emergency lightening at watershed scale as well as the normal water environmental information management functions.The system was applied for emergency water pollution management by a dummy ship capsizal in Yangtze River.It was found that WPMIS_ER_TGRA could model the transfer and diffusion of the accident pollutants in rivers, quickly forecast the pollution situation and identify the influencing area and their changing with time in a few minutes just after the accident happened.     

Applicationg of Ultraviolet Spectrophometry to Determination of Total Nitrogen in the Three Gorges Reservior

The eutrophication of water body will destroy the balance of ecological environment.To determine the total nitrogen content in water body exactly,is one of the most important evaluating indicators that whether the water body has been polluted by eutrophication or not.After the foundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current velocity lowers and it may result in the eutrophication of water body.In terms of the Lambert-Beer Law,the authors adopt potassium sulpersulphate oxidation-ultraviolet spectrophotometry to determine the total nitrogen content in the Three Gorges Reservoir.By analyzing a variety of possible factors,they bring forward a method to determine the total nitrogen which can be used in lab and also have high performance.With this improved method,the authors determine the factual water samples of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the main urban area of Chongqing,and the result is that the total nitrogen content is(0.6~1.0) mg/L,less than the limiting value(2.0 mg/L) in national standard.So the water body of the Three Gorges Reservoir still eutrophication does not take place.So eutrophication does not take place in water body of the Three(Gorges) Reservior.     

三峡库区消落带现状与对策研究

芦苇不但有很高的经济价值,在环境保护方面也具有广阔的应用前景.本文通过分析三峡库区消落带的生态环境问题,预测了芦苇在库区的应用前景,即可防止水土流失、水体富营养化、重金属污染、固体废弃物污染、垃圾渗漏液污染和藻类爆发等问题。同时,合理利用芦苇资源还可增加库区人们的经济收入,加快库区农村的经济建设步伐。     

Discussion on Water Environment Problems and WaterEnvironment Protection Countermeasure in Three Gorges Area

The present status of water environment in three gorges area of Yangtze River is analyzed in this paper.The importance to enhance water environment protection and ecology environment protection in Three Gorges area of Yangtze River is also discussed in this paper. Some suggestions about water environment protection and ecology environment protection in Three Gorges of Yangtze River are also provided . Finally, the environment constructional targets to let clear water mirror on Three Gorges area of Yangtze River again are put forward.     

Analysis of the Sediment Development and Trend In Jinshajiang River Drainage Area

Jinshajiang River, which has a drainage area of 485,100 Km 2, average flux of 142.9 billion m 3, and soil conveyance of 247 million t/a, is the largest branch of Changjiang river. It is also the largest soil resource of the Three Gorges reservoir and upper reach of Changjiang River. To research the development and trend of Jinshajiang sediment not only has a relation to Jinshajiang water resource strategy, but also has important meaning to control the silt in Three Gorges reservoir and the Changjiang water resource development. The paper statistically analyses the flux and sediment conveyance of the Pingshan station, which is the primary hydrological station in the Jinshajiang River Drainage Area. Through several non-parameter statistical methods such as Spearman order correlativity check, Kendell order correlativity check, and linear regression check, the paper concludes that the sediment evolvement trend of Pingshan station is not distinct.     

Analysis of the Effect to the Water Quality of Xiao River for Kaixian County Sewage Discharge After the Sluice of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Once the water level of the reservoir of the Three Gorges rises above 175 m, Yangtz River in Kaixian County will be changed into a lake-like reservoir which will be rare in the Three Gorges areas, and water pollution would be seriously deteriorated. In order to testify whether water quality meets the requirements of the function divisions, two-dimension water dynamics quality model and homogeneous-mixed water quality model are used to simulate polluted water disposal of Kaixian County before and after sewage purification. The analysis indicates that sewage disposal without any pretreatment will cause serious and continuous pollution; while sewage disposal after purificaiton up to standard, there are two kinds of results: in abundant and normal period , the water quality improves obviously, the water quality can meet the function of river area, but in dry seasons, the water quality improvement is not so effective, and still exceeds the control standard of the water function. To guarantee water quality of Xiaojiang River, it is proposed that, first, sewage treatment plant should run normally and continuously; second, other measures must be added to control sewage discharges in dry season.