Free Vibration of Non uniform Timoshenko Cantilever Beams

In order to consider the effect of shearing deformation and rotating inertia, an approximate method, which is based on modal perturbation method, is proposed for the free vibration analysis of non uniform Timoshenko cantilever beams. With the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of uniform Euler beams, a set of partial differential characteristic equations of non uniform Timoshenko beams is transformed into a set of algebraic equations for solutions of non uniform Timoshenko beams. The method can solve the dynamic characteristics of beams with complicated cross section, whether the cross section variation is continuous or discontinuous. At the end, two types of beams, namely (a) discontinuous variation of thickness and (b) continuous and linear variation, are analyzed and shown that the method is simple, practicable and owns good precision.     

Effective Unloading Area between Cantilever Piles

The formation mechanism of the arching effect between cantilever piles is studied according to their stress characteristics. The soil arch is classified into three types based on its position in a space coordinate system, namely, a horizontal arch, a vertical arch and a free face arch. The master factor for distribution of unloading area between piles is the horizontal arch effect. The range of effective unloading area is defined. Based on the failure pattern of soil arches and the relationship between soil strength theory and the static equilibrium principle of soil arches, a calculation model is established by considering the presence of geostatic stress and sliding thrust force. The relation between soil strength and critical height is studied by variation of cohesion and friction angle. In addition, the impact of canonical distributions of the earth pressure to the vector height of unloading area is also discussed. Finally, the calculation model is verified by an example from real engineering work.     

Elasto-plastic Behavior Analysis of Castellated Beams

In order to analyze the influence of holes on castellated beam, elasto-plastic behavior of fixed and simply supported castellated beams is analyzed by Ansys, the sequence of their destruction and plastic level being obtained and contrasted by this analysis, it gives an insight into the whole nonlinear elasto-plastic path and the failure state of castellated beam, castellated beam with full-web extremity is putted forward.     

Effect of Longitudinal Reinforcement Rate on Shear Behavior of Beams without Web Reinforcement Restriction

Previous researches on shear behavior of inclined sections in reinforced concrete beams used to be carried out on a comparatively high longitudinal reinforcement ratio in the codes of various countries.However,the shear design methods based on the data obtained from these researches may have distinguished deviations.This paper studies the shear behavior on a comparatively low longitudinal reinforcement ratio.Research has indicated that different longitudinal reinforcement ratios have significant impact on the shear behavior and the development of cracks in the beams,and the shear design equation in the code applied to beams without wed reinforcement restrained maybe not safe enough.     

Suggestion for Moment Modulation of Prestressed Concrete Continuous Beams

Based on the information from China and overseas,a design suggestion for moment modulation of post-tensioned prestressed concrete continuous beams with bond has been put forth in this paper. The result calculated by the suggestion is consistent with the result of varying rigidity method.     

Experimental Study on, Small Span to Depth Ratio Coupling Beams withNew Reinforcement mewt Scheme and Design Method

Coupling beams combining two coupled walls are the primarily energy dissipating elements in the coupled walls and play a key role in improving ductility. It is proved by the test outcome at home and abroad that the shear failure happening early cannot be     

Tests on Cracking Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Beams Underlong- Term Sulphate Attack

In this paper,six reinforced concrete beams dismounted from their worksites under long-term sulphate attack are studied.The authors analyzed the working properties and cracking moment of the reinforced concrete beams under long-term sulphate attack,suggesting that the reinforced concrete beams under long-term sulphate attack may have more favorable cracking-resistant behavior in some circumstances.     

离子束对甘薯胚性悬浮细胞团的辐射诱变效应

以甘薯品种栗子香为材料,用0～100 Gy 12C5+和0～200 Gy 4 He2+离子束分别照射其胚性悬浮细胞团,结果表明栗子香胚性细胞团适宜的12C5+和4He2+辐射剂量分别为30～50 Gy和50～70 Gy。对辐照后的材料进行培养,通过体细胞胚胎发生途径获得大量再生植株。将获得的再生植株移栽到大田,对其地上部和地下部特征进行分析,发现离     

Experimental and Parametric Analysis of the Flexural Behavior of HRBF RC Beams

In order to investigate the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with high strength hot rolled bars of fine grains, static bending test on four rectangle cross section HRBF400, HRBF500 RC beams was conducted. The results show that the experimental maximum crack width under short term load meets the requirement of current code while calculated value does not meet; mid span deflection of RC beams with HRBF400 under short term load still meets the requirement of current code while RC beams with HRBF500 does not meet. Bearing capacity calculating formula under conditions of crack/deflection control was proposed and conception of component's bearing capacity utilization coefficient (BCUC) was put forward. The influences of reinforcement strength, reinforcement diameter, concrete grade, reinforcement ratio, concrete cover thickness and high span ratio on BCUC were analyzed. Within the range of economic reinforcement ratio, ductility of HRBF RC beams meets the requirement. Energy dissipation capacity of HRBF RC beams is similar to that of normal RC beams at low reinforcement ratio but it decreases faster than normal RC beams with the increasing of reinforcement ratio. Energy dissipation capacity of HRBF RC beams is higher than that of normal RC concrete beams in elastic stage and it enhances with the increasing of reinforcement ratio.     

Study of Cracks on Rubber Concrete Beams Based on Fractal Theory

The flexural performances of a rubber concrete beam and a ordinary concrete beam are studied under concentrated load through the experiment. The influences of the content of the rubber powder in the rubber concrete beam on the bearing capacity and the crack width of beams are analyzed. The experimental results show that the crack distributions on two beam surfaces possess the characteristics of self-similar in statistical sense. The maximum crack width of the rubber concrete beam is less than that of the ordinary concrete beam under the same load level. The performance of anti-crack of the concrete beam is improved by adding the crumb rubber. Using the fractal theory, the fractal dimension values of the surface crack of the beams under different load grades are calculated and the relationship between the fractal dimension and the maximum crack width of the surface cracks is established.     

Calculation and Analysis on Critical Moment of Thin-walled Beams under Unequal End Moment

In this paper, comparing the bending-twisting model with the tension-bending one, the critical moment of the thin-walled beams under unequal end moment is derived easily by the improved CDC (column deflection curve) method based on the increment interaction equations of beam-columns.A simplified formula is presented and the calculated results show a good agreement with the numerical ones.     

Experimental Analysis on Shear Strengthening Capacity of Secondary Dapped end Beams

Because section steel can only be extended to the edge of the support, when a simple support RC beam is reinforced by bonded section steel, a notch comes into being at the end of the beam which is called a secondary dapped end beam, making the stress state of the beam more complex. Through experimental analysis on 21 dapped end beam specimens shear reinforced by steel plate bonded, the deformation process, performing characteristics and failure mechanism of the specimens were investigated. The result shows that two steel bonded forms, including horizontal steel plate and oblique steel plate with angle 45° bonded, delay the appearance of cracks significantly and improve the maximum bearing capacity by 102% and 93%. Due to the impact of stress concentration at the notch, the main modes of damage include concrete tensile or shear failure with the result of bonding failure of a steel plate. By changing the width of steel plates and analyzing different reinforcement effects, formula of bearing capacity of shear reinforcement was proposed based on the method of truss analogue, which provides a reference for engineering application.     

Discussion on Negative Flexural Strength of Beams Including Slabs

In this paper, the provisions in different design codes and some tests on the identification of the negative strength of beams including slab-bars are compared and analyzed. The results of analysis demonstrate that the effective width of slabs is a converted width for calculation. It isn't the actual working width of the slab or the yield slab width. According to the maximum storey drift, the frames can reach, an effective width of slabs can be defined as six times the slab-thickness width on each side of the web. Considering the participation of reinforcement in slab into resistance of the beam against negative flexure, the anchorage of tension bars and the transverse reinforcement placement in slab should be taken into account to ensure the effective work of longitudinal slab bars.     

A SOLUTION TO THE DEFLECTION OF STEPW1SE BEAM WITH SINGULAR FUNCTION AND LAPLACE'' S TRANSFORMATION

The singular function is combined with Laplace' s transformation to calculate the deflection of stepwise beam. In this way the deflection equation of the beam is conveniently determined. This method is suited for both statically determinate and indeterminete stepwise beams and can simplify the calculation.     

Finite Element Simulate Analysis of Small Span-to Depth Ratio Coupling Beams with Special Reiforcement

Test investigations show that the reinforcement scheme with adding diagonal and rhombic bars to traditional reinforcement in the foundation is an ideal way, for the seismic performance of small span-to depth ratio coupling beams with this scheme is better than that of traditional reinforcement. Because the regions in the small aspect ratio coupling beam belong to D-regions, in which the Bernoulli hypothesis of plane strain distribution is invalid, the traditional bending theory can not be used. This paper simulates the coupling beam through non-linear finite element analysis program, and contrasts the analysis result of the bar's stress distribution with test result. The contrast results confirm that it is a valid way to analyse the bar's stress distribution in this coupling beam through non-linear finite element analysis program.     

Investigation on Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement

On the basis of available testing data of simply supported reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement under two-point concentrated loads,the dominant factors contributing to shear performance are identified,and the basic laws are correspondingly quantitatively described.The shear design equations of China Design Code of Reinforced Concrete Structures,ACI Code,together with two other expressions of shear of RC beams without web reinforcement,are thus calibrated to identify their accuracy in describing the shear mechanism of such members.     

Experimental Study on Size Effect of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams

Reinforced concrete specimens with concrete compressive strength varied from 46.5 to 50.6 MPa and with depth of cross section from 250 mm to 1 000 mm subjected to bending were tested. Size effects of flexural behavior with respect to bending capacity and deformation capacity were investigated based on the analysis of the test results and those of high-strength specimens (fcu=72.1~72.4 MPa) of which the geometry and reinforcement layouts were identical to those of specimens tested in this study. It is shown that beam depth does not has any apparent influence on nominal cracking moment, nominal yield moment and nominal ultimate moment, and that it has significant influence on displacement ductility and plastic rotation capacity of plastic hinges of members. For normal-strength concrete specimens and high-strength concrete specimens, both the displacement ductility and the plastic rotation capacity decrease with the increasing of depth in the similar ways, and are independent of concrete strength. It is also demonstrated that the lengths of plastic hinges of members with different depth and concrete strength are approximately equal to the depth.     

12C重离子束辐照对油菜(Brassica napus)的影响

重离子束是一种新型辐照源，它对油菜的影响以往研究较少。本文报道了30Gy、50Gy和80Gy”C重离子束辐照对油菜M1和M2生育期、植物学性状、品质性状，根尖和花粉母细胞的染色体行为和DNA分子多态性等方面的影响。结果表明：50Gy和80Gy辐照处理可引起油菜生育期提早，生长繁茂，部分植株发生变异，出现瘤状根、矮茎、淡绿匙形叶，多雌蕊花，双生角果和黄籽株等。80Gy辐照处理使油菜种子含油量有不同程度提高，并出现油酸含量高于70％以上植株。30—80Gy辐照处理，使根尖染色体和花粉母细胞染色体产生畸变，畸变类型有微核、小核、异常四分体、染色体桥、落后染色体、断片等，其中以微核细胞最多，且辐照剂量愈大畸变率愈高。50Gy和80Gv辐照处理对油菜DNA分子有影响，RAPD分析表明，用40个引物对处理后油菜进行扩增，共扩增出43个DNA片段，表明不同处理植株存在一定多态性。