Quantitative modeling and application of CNC machine failure distribution curve

To quantitatively study the distribution curve of CNC machines, the Weibull linear regression using the failure data of CNC machines is analyzed. As the result of analyzing WPP(Weibull probability plot), the failure rate distribution curve which includes early failure period and random failure period is established by piecewise twofold Weibull model. The establish method of the model and the process of parameter estimated by maximum likelihood are explained. The correctness of the model is verified by comparing the lasting time of early failure period with the actual situation. The optimization warranty of CNC machines is obtained by an object function which is established by the model.     

Layered E-R Model Based Input Technology

The traditional E-R's model can abstract the real world strongly, but the relationship among entities in E-R's model is very mixed and disorderly .In order to improve the productivity of the module of data input,the layered E-R model based input technology is presented. The logic model( relational model) produced by the traditional E-R model is layered by primary keys. According to the layered model ,the input interface is produced .First the input interface of 1th-tier entity is produced .By using the input interface of 1th-tier entity ,the input interface of 2rd-tier entity is produced ,until the input interface of the last tier is produced.     

一维稳态流非饱和土渗透系数垂直分布模型及其线性简化

渗透系数是控制地下水流动的重要参数,对渗透系数的空间分布规律进行研究具有重要的意义。基于Gardner模型获取了一维稳态流非饱和土渗透系数沿垂直分布模型,该模型用指数函数描述,受饱和渗透系数和无量纲的深度与流动率等因素的控制;该模型表明一维稳态流条件下均质典型土类的渗透系数其沿垂直方向变化趋势主要受比流量与饱和渗流系数的负数值二者之间的相对大小影响。分别采用泰勒级数方法和以地下水位处及地表处的渗透系数作为控制条件方法对一维稳态流非饱和土渗透系数沿垂直分布模型进行线性近似简化。采用泰勒级数方法获取的简化模型其计算误差随无量纲的深度增大而增大。简化后的模型具有形式简单、参数少等特点。通过算例对比简化模型与原模型的差异,计算结果表明:采用以地下水位处及地表处的渗透系数作为控制条件的方法进行线性近似简化的模型计算误差比采用泰勒级数方法获得的线性近似简化模型的计算误差小。     

Fuzzy Identification on Mathematical Model of Dynamic Process of Evaporator in Refrigeration System

Founding the mathematic model of refrigeration system's dynamic process is the basis of realizing the optimal control of refrigeration machines.Refrigeration evaporator is a kind of two-phase flow and heat exchange with complex process.For its obvious nonlinearity and uncertainty,it is difficult to describe by accurate theoretical model.This paper partitions the input data into some clusters by entropy method and competitive learning algorithm,then the on-line fuzzy identification of dynamic process mathematical model of evaporator is achieved by utilizing ultimate parameter which is ascertained by the recursive least-square(RLS).The simulation results show that fuzzy identification method is effective for on-line model process of evaporator in refrigeration system.The model has not only superior identification precise,but also quite perfect generalizable performance and traceable ability.     

甜玉米(Zea mays L.saccharata Sturt)主要农艺性状遗传模型分析

玉米农艺性状是影响植株个体发育状况及群体生产效能的重要因素。本试验以甜玉米T8(♀)和T33(♂)为亲本,组配杂交组合,F2代乳熟期调查各单株主要农艺性状,用“主基因+多基因混合遗传模型”分析方法进行遗传模型分析。结果表明,甜玉米茎粗的最佳遗传模型符合A-3模型,即2对完全显性基因控制;穗位高的最适遗传模型为B-6,即2对等显性基因遗传;穗位叶夹角最适遗传模型为B-1,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因遗传,两对基因都以加性效应为主;雄穗分枝数最适遗传模型为B-4,即2对等加性基因控制,以主基因遗传为主。本试验结果可为甜玉米育种实践及农艺性状遗传改良和选择提供一定的参考。     

Macroscopic and Microscopic Coupling Mathematical Model for Solidification Process of Twin-roll Thin Strip

A macroscopic and microscopic coupling mathematical model for solidification process of twin-roll thin strip is developed. In the model, the latent heat is treated by the enthalpy method, and the grid and node are divided by assumed streamline boundary. The heterogeneous nucleation and the columnar-equiaxed transform(CET)model are introduced, together with the revison of the dendrite growth dynamic model of KGT. With the help of solid fraction, the coupling of the macro/micro aspects is realized by using different grid-sizes and time-steps, macro and micro, together with the columnar dendrite front tracing. The columnar dendrite arm spacing and deflection angle calculated by proposed model are in agreement with the experimental ones. Therefore, the model is proved to be reliable, and it can be used to predict the effects of the processing parameters on the solidification structure of twin-roll thin strips.     

玉米株型与冠层光合作用的数学模拟研究——Ⅰ.模型与验证

建立了一个对冠层结构具有高分辨率的作物冠层光合作用模型.包括冠层结构模型、冠层光分布模型和叶面光合作用模型.将作物冠层按叶面积指数划分为若干层次.上下层次之间,水平面太阳辐照度按Monsi和Saeki的指数递减模型分布.冠层对太阳漫射光的消光系数由作物株型确定,对直射光的消光系数由株型和太阳位置确定.在同一层次中,作物株型按Ross-Nilson的叶倾角分布模型,将叶面位置划分为8个方位,6个倾斜角.设同一层中水平面辐照度相同,某一方位角和倾角的叶面直射光以太阳轨道方程确定.用玉米冠层的实测资料验证了辐射分布模型和叶片的光合作用模型.敏感性试验表明,模型对输入因子有良好的响应.本模型对冠层光合作用的理论研究、作物生长的数学模拟等有一定的意义.     

Application of BP Neural Networks in Inventory Dynamic Modeling

The authors establish an original inventory model based on BP neural networks in dynamic environment using the inventory history data, and overcome the net overfitting problem occurred with insufficient samples by using early stopping method. After a simple-relation inventory model training is attained, they get inventory model and analyze it dynamically by reconstructing the model after getting new sample data. An example is provided to illustrate the model. The theoretical evidence is provided for the inventory system to make management decision.     

利用频域有限元法分析内嵌管式辐射地板频域热特性

分析内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性,便于进一步了解内嵌管式辐射地板的动态热特征,为辐射地板的系统和控制设计提供重要的参考依据。建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域有限元模型,同时采用ANSYS软件建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的时域传热模型,通过2个模型的对比说明了频域有限元模型的准确性。采用频域有限元模型计算并分析了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性。结果表明,在低频区域,地板的频域热响应基本不随频率变化,其传热过程接近于稳态,而在高频区域,地板的频域热响应随频率的变化十分剧烈,地板传热呈现明显的动态特征。当房间内存在较多成分的高频热扰时,关于辐射地板的传热计算应采用动态计算方法。     

Damage Constitutive Relationship of Coupled Plasticity-creep for Magnesium Alloy

Based on a simple mechanical model and an appropriate definition of generalized time,a constitutive equation is obtained for coupled plasticity and creep behavior of materials.A damage evolution based on a spherical void model for mixed hardening materials is obtained by means of Gurson's model.The damage evolution law is embedded in the adopted constitutive equation,and a damage constitutive equation is obtained for coupled plasticity and creep behavior of die-casting magnesium alloy.The response of magnesium alloy subjected to cyclic loads is analyzed.The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by the satisfactory agreement between the experimental and calculated results.     

A Novel Model about Three_Dimensional Infinite Element

A novel model of 3D 12_node infinite element is presented in this paper.The mapping functions in the novel model are clear_cut in the concept and concise in the form.The problems,which emerge in using the infinite element model of the reference, appear in using the novel model.A comparison between the novel model and the infinite element model of the reference is made by computing the examples.The results show that the novel model has the advantages in performance and accuracy.     

One Dimensional Steady Model for Natural Ventilation of Solar Chimney

Solar chimney is effective to enhance the natural ventilation by heating the air with solar radiation. Based on the research by other authors, a revised mathematical model is proposed. One dimensional heat conduction model is proposed when the thermal resistance of both the glass cover and heat absorbing wall are taken into account. The mean temperatures of the air and heat absorbing wall, the air mass rate and heat collection efficiency in the solar chimney are calculated with the present model. The results of the present model are compared with the related experimental data and reasonable agreement is validated. It is shown that the present revised model is able to predict the temperatures of the air and wall, the air mass rate and heat collection efficiency more preciously than the original model.     

基于灰色多元线性计量经济模型的湖南省农村居民收入预测

针对单一预测模型精度不高以及预测结果不能体现经济变量关系的不足,将灰色GM(1,1)模型与多元线性计量经济模型加以耦合,建立了灰色多元线性计量经济模型,并利用该模型对湖南省农村居民人均纯收入进行了预测。灰色多元线性计量经济模型的预测精度不仅明显高于单一的灰色GM(1,1)模型和多元线性回归模型,而且预测结果也能体现经济变量之间的关系。预测结果表明,未来几年湖南省农村居民人均纯收入逐年增长,但增长的速度较为缓慢。最后,给出了几点调控湖南省农村居民收入差距的建议。     

Analyse von Konkurrenzbeziehungen bei der Vegetationsentwicklung eines Grünlandbestandes mit Hilfe eines populationsdynamischen Modells

Analysis of Competitive Interactions in Grassland Stands by a Population Dynamical Model
The potential yield of permanent grassland is highly influenced by dynamical interactions within its plant species. The possibility to recognize and to quantify these interactions opens a wide field of applications in grassland management. A mathematical simulation model was chosen to meet this aim. The base of the model is a simple population dynamic arrangement. The competition between the species or species groups is described by a linear function. A long time trial is used as a data base. The productivity and the floristic changes in this trial were recorded for 12 years. By reason of the limited data base the species were aggregated into 5 groups consisting of species with similar behaviour. The model proofed to be useful, to simulate the important interactions between the species groups and to quantify their significance with regard to the dynamic development of the grassland. Because of the small data set used in the sample, the model is limited in its validity. The model can be improved by incorporation of a larger data base.     

A Non-linear Circuit Model of A Self Scanned Photodiode Array Image Sensor

A non-linear circuit model of photodiode built according to the working principle of self-scanned photodiode array image sensor is presented for improving the property of the sensor. Through the analysis of the non_linear circuit model,we get the state equations, and the equations are resolved with Runge_Kutta algorithm. The Runge_Kutta algorithm is realized in C language, and the numeric result of the circuit is obtained. The analysis of the numeric result of the model shows that the non_linear performance of the sensor can be improved by reducing the capcitor of the PN junction and the dynamic performance of the image sensor can be enhanced by paralleling capacitor C M , and all the analysis is consistent with the real measurement results of the sensor. The circuit model of photodiode is improved over previous model.     

Modeling and Simulation for 440 t/h CFB Boiler Steam/Water System

Dynamic mathematical model,which is based on the character of power-plant boiler system,is established by the means of modularization. On the basis of dynamic mathematical models,simulation model of the object is created with the advanced continuous simulation language(ACSL).The validity of this model has been verified by the simulation experiments and analysis.The simulation model helps to evaluate the influences that the dynamic process in steam/water's side brings to the boiler's operation and have some directive significance to design method of boiler and optimize run.     

基于行人动力学模型的人桥竖向动力相互作用

基于行人动力学模型,研究了人桥竖向动力相互作用。行人动力学模型采用以行人步频和体重表示的刚度质量阻尼（SMD）模型,人行桥假定为Euler-Bernoulli梁模型,建立人桥竖向动力相互作用控制方程。采用状态空间法进行非比例阻尼系统瞬时模态的求解,得到系统的时变频率和阻尼比;利用变步长四阶五级Runge-Kutta-Felhberg算法求解时变控制方程,对比分析考虑人桥竖向动力相互作用和只在人行荷载作用下人行桥的动力响应。结果表明：考虑人桥动力相互作用,人行桥自振频率略有降低,阻尼有显著增大;当行人以人行桥的频率行走时,考虑人桥竖向动力相互作用结构的动力响应比不考虑人桥相互作用显著降低。     

水稻冠层垂直反射率模拟

利用1999年和2000年实测的晚稻冠层结构参数(叶面积指数、叶倾角、叶长、叶宽等)和叶片生物化学组分含量(叶绿素、蛋白质、纤维素、水等)实测数据,结合椭圆分布函数模型、PROSPECT模型和FCR模型,模拟水稻冠层垂直反射率,模拟值与实测值的相关系数大于0.98,均方根差RMSE小于0.05,从而建立了冠层结构参数、叶片生物化学组成等农     

Study Of Three-Point Bending Marble Beam Elastoplastic Damage

An elastoplastic damage constitutive model based on incremental theory is deduced in strain space.A mesoscopic numerical model to study the progressive failure process and the nonlinear mechanical behavior of heterogeneous rock is established in combination with an elastoplastic damage constitutive for rock mesoscopic element.The failure elements deleting method is used to simulate crack propagation in program.The calculation results achieved by numerical simulation and practical projects application agree well with those of in-situ tests,which illuminates that elastoplastic damage mesoscopic model could reflect local plastic characteristics of fractured rock masses.Three-dimension marble model is more reflect mesoscopic failure than two-dimension model.The failure element deleting method is good at showing explicitly crack propagation.It is proven that the numerical model is right and feasible.The failure elements deleting method solves the difficult problem of FEM to simulate the propagation.The model and method might be valid in practical projects.     

Calculating the Hollowing-center Grounding Device Resistance Based on the Surface Charge Simulation Method

An equivalent model for hollowing-center grounding device is proposed, the hollowing-center grounding device resistance is calculated with the surface charge simulation method and the computer programme is programmed based on this model. The accuracy of the model and method is validated by experimentation.