GFRP抗浮锚杆在基础底板中的锚固性能现场试验研究

通过现场拉拔破坏性试验,测得不同直径的GFRP抗浮锚杆在基础底板内的极限承载力和滑移量,并与实际工程中不同形式的钢筋抗浮锚杆作比较,分析其承载性能和粘结特性。研究表明,在相同的混凝土强度与养护条件下,相同直径的GFRP抗浮锚杆的极限承载力、平均粘结强度与钢筋抗浮锚杆相比较高,且GFRP抗浮锚杆的变形能够满足实际工程需求,充分验证了GFRP材料用作抗浮锚杆的先进性与合理性。基于试验结果与理论分析,给出了GFRP抗浮锚杆与基础底板的最佳锚固面积,并提出了计算公式。     

Application and Test Analysis of Anti-float Anchor in Submerged Square

In this paper, based on the reconstruction project of the bar in Shekou, Shenzhen, under the action of circular loads, the ultimate bearing capacity and the stress along the anti-float anchor were tested and the change of the loading was analyzed in an in-situ test, which may be taken as reference for other similar projects with the same strata.     

八地脚螺栓刚性塔座板的承载力

随着中国电网技术的发展,杆塔负荷越来越大,八地脚螺栓塔座板应用越趋普遍。但现有计算理论与实际情况不符,为了使八地脚螺栓塔座板的计算方法合理、可靠,通过试验对八地脚螺栓刚性塔座板承载力进行了研究,同时借助有限元对构件进行了参数化分析。结合经典力学理论、试验及有限元数据,提出了全新的计算方法,引入了等效计算宽度和有效力臂的概念,充分考虑了底板刚度,屈曲后强度和垫板对承载力的影响,对工程设计具有指导意义。     

Calculation of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundation under Triaxial Compressive Loading

It is of important significance to study the ultimate bearing capacity of foundation in three-dimensional stress. In this paper, a formula is established for ultimate bearing capacity of foundation taking three-dimensional stress into account. According to the numerical results, the ultimate bearing capacity of foundation with consideration of three-dimensional stress is improved, which is of important significance for engineering.     

软岩地质条件下浅埋隧道锚缩尺模型试验

为研究隧道锚的受力变形和锚碇承载特性等问题,在重庆几江长江大桥工程北岸现场开展1∶30缩尺模型试验。试验结果表明：从相似设计荷载240 kN到1 680 kN,双锚碇前锚面沿拉拔方向的最大位移平均值为0.020~0.808 mm,双锚碇前端上部地表岩体铅直方向的最大位移值为0.028~0.749 mm,双锚碇后端上部地表岩体铅直方向的最大位移值为0.014~0.645 mm;锚碇围岩破裂类型是拉剪复合型破坏;锚碇上方地表横桥方向参与抗拔作用的岩体范围约2~3 m,而沿锚碇轴向参与拉拔作用的岩体破坏区类似一个倒塞体形状;通过试验得到模型锚的可靠抗拉拔承载能力为1 344 kN;模型锚在840 kN下的流变趋于稳定,其长期安全系数为3.5。模型试验结果表明软岩地质条件下浅埋隧道锚具有较高的抗拉拔承载能力,证明此设计方案是可行的。     

Study of Tunnel Supporting Effect

Based on the elastic theory, an analysis can be made on stress and plastic deformation under tunnel excavation and shotcrete support.FLAC 3D can be used to simulate the mechanical behavior of excavation and support, getting the deformation of surrounding rock stress and plastic without support and shotcrete. The results show that, the prestress applied on the anchor equals to the supporting force when the tunnel plastic zone disappears. This support improves the self bearing capacity of surrounding rock, effectively suppresses the expansion of the plastic zone after the tunnel excavation, and prevents further damage to the tunnel surrounding rock.     

Research on Design Methods for Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall with Cohesive Backfill

For the stability analysis of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill, this paper assumes that the state of failure surface is circular sliding surface and the bearing capacity is straight line relation with capacity and length of the reinforcement strip. These formulas agree with actual state of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill and result in saving reinforcement material in the design.     

Bearing Capacity of Bar-Reinforced Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Short Columns After Fire

Based on the determined stress-strain relationship of steel and concrete after fire, a temperature field and mechanical model of bar-reinforced concrete-filled square steel tubular columns after fire was set up with using ABAQUS, and the model has been validated by testing results. Then this paper analyzed the side of section, bar ratio, fire duration time, steel ratio and material strength parameters on the bearing capacity of bar-reinforced concrete-filled square steel tubular columns after fire. It is found that fire duration time and side of section is the dominant factor. Lastly this paper puts forward a theoretical formula of bearing capacity of bar-reinforced concrete-filled square steel tubular columns after fire, for the post-disaster restoration and provides references for the reinforcement.     

EXPERIMNTAL RESEARCH ON THE CRACK RESISTANCE AND BEARING CAPACITY OF PRESTRESSED BRICK MASONRY WALLS UNDER CYCLIC LOADING

By comparing the tests of prestressed and nonprestressed brick masonry walls with peripheral beams and Constructional columns, under cyclic lateral loading,the apperaence and development of Cracks,failure mechanism,hysteretic behavior,strength,stiffness,ductility and ener-gy dissipation of the brick rnasonry walls arc studied.Only the crack resistance and bearing capacity of walls are discussed in this paper.It is shown that prestressing on brick masonry wall can obviotisly improve its seismic behavior.Morcover,calculating methods for the crack resistance and the ultimate bearing capacity are presented,and the caculating results are identical with the tests.     

Experimental Analysis on Shear Strengthening Capacity of Secondary Dapped end Beams

Because section steel can only be extended to the edge of the support, when a simple support RC beam is reinforced by bonded section steel, a notch comes into being at the end of the beam which is called a secondary dapped end beam, making the stress state of the beam more complex. Through experimental analysis on 21 dapped end beam specimens shear reinforced by steel plate bonded, the deformation process, performing characteristics and failure mechanism of the specimens were investigated. The result shows that two steel bonded forms, including horizontal steel plate and oblique steel plate with angle 45° bonded, delay the appearance of cracks significantly and improve the maximum bearing capacity by 102% and 93%. Due to the impact of stress concentration at the notch, the main modes of damage include concrete tensile or shear failure with the result of bonding failure of a steel plate. By changing the width of steel plates and analyzing different reinforcement effects, formula of bearing capacity of shear reinforcement was proposed based on the method of truss analogue, which provides a reference for engineering application.     

Stress Distribution in Fixed Anchor Length of Compression Type Anchor in Soft Rock Mass

To study stress distribution in fixed anchor length of compression type rock anchor cable, field test was carried out. Strain sensors were placed in the grout paste in fixed anchor length with certain interval. Axial and radial strains of the grout were noted by test. Shear stress distribution curve along the fixed anchor length was obtained by stress-strain relationship and static equilibrium analysis. Analysis results prove that maximal shear stress on the interface can achieve upper level and move forward when the load increases; the transmission length is short; shear stress transfers forward; and three dimensional state is obvious around capacity plates in soft rock mass.     

基础尺寸对碎石土地基扩底基础上拔承载力影响的现场试验研究

影响基础上拔承载能力的因素包括地基土物理力学参数及基础尺寸参数,而确定混凝土方量最小、基础上拔承载力最大的基础参数配比是基础优化设计的关键。以戈壁滩碎石土地基中的原状土扩底基础为研究对象,采用正交设计方法,以立柱直径、深宽比、扩展角为影响因素,以基础上拔承载力为分析指标,设计出9组尺寸的足尺基础。通过现场试验,获得了各试验基础的荷载位移曲线和上拔承载力值,提出了采用渐变率的概念表征荷载位移曲线的非线性变化特征,通过分析发现基础荷载位移曲线渐变率与承载能力呈负相关。结合正交试验分析结果,得出立柱直径、深宽比、扩展角3个因素中对碎石土地基原状土扩底基础抗拔承载能力的影响程度由大到小依次为深宽比、立柱直径、扩展角,表明在戈壁滩碎石土地基基础的工程设计中增加深宽比能提高基础抗拔承载能力。     

Shear Capacity Calculation Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Truss-arch Model

According to the theory of truss-arch model, the shear mechanism of reinforced concrete beam was analyzed, and formula of shear bearing capacity was proposed. In this formula, softening effect of concrete and the arch function were taken into account, and the coefficients in the formula were amended with experimental data. When the performance difference between the structural material and the original material is huge, the code formula of shear bearing capacity calculation is inapplicable. After the computation, the ratio of the results calculated by truss-arch model theory formula and the results calculated by the current code formula was close to 1, and the standard deviation coefficient and coefficient of variation were smaller than those of standard formula results, and the results calculated by truss-arch model formula were in good agreement with the experimental results. The collected experimental data was calculated with the shear capacity formula in ACI318-08, and the calculation results showed that United States building code was more conservative than the standard of China. The results indicate that the shear bearing capacity formula based on truss-arch model can be used for computation of shear bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams.     

大昭寺景区旅游环境承载力评估指标体系研究

为建立一套适合西藏高原人文社会类型景区旅游环境承载力评价指标体系和评价模型,在现有的理论基础上,结合大昭寺景区的实际情况,构建了包含自然环境承载力、社会环境承载力、经济环境承载力3个承载力分量共27个评价指标的大昭寺景区旅游环境承载力评价指标体系。其次,采用AHP层次分析法构造判断矩阵、检验一致性,确定权重,建立景区旅游环境承载力综合评价模型,依据景区特点,建立大昭寺景区旅游环境承载力评价等级标准,对大昭寺景区各项指标进行测算,通过对上该景区旅游环境承载力的综合评价和分析,结果表明,大昭寺景区旅游环境承载力,基本属于适载阶段,最后提出了改善大昭寺景区旅游环境承载力的措施。     

Bearing Capacity Behavior of Roll Forming Filling Screw Pile

Bearing capacity behavior of roll forming filling screw pile (screw pile for short) is investigated through numerical calculation and static load test. The influence of pile-type parameters, such as width of thread tooth and thread pitch, on the ultimate bearing capacity of crew pile is studied; furthermore, the bearing capacity behavior of screw pile and that of pile with the same diameter are compared and analyzed through static load test. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of screw pile is a bit higher than that of pile with the same outside diameter; width of thread tooth has a distinct effect on ultimate bearing capacity which increases with the increment of width of thread tooth. When the screw pile is tested under light load, the resistance on pile side is distributed along screw pile, and tip resistance is small, but the resistance rises considerably with load increasing. Besides, the design formula of bearing capacity of screw pile is proposed.     

An Approach for Estimating the Final Ultimate-bearing Capacity of Driven Pile In Soft Clay

The prefabricated pile,driven in soft clay,can squeeze the soil laterally in a certain scope around the pile,and the void ratio is reduced significantly;consequently,the shear bearing capacity is raised.But the soil parameter,which is used to estimate the capacity of pile,is reduced according to the soil state before the pile was driven.Then,a certain difference appears when the pile is working.The calculation result usually is partial to conservative.This paper analyzes the squeezing mechanism of the pile using the theory of cylindrical cavities expansion.And a formula,which is used to estimate the increment of shear bearing capacity of soil around the pile when excess pore water pressure from pile driving distributes completely,is presented based on the unique relation between the shear bearing capacity and the density of the soil.This formula can be used to estimate the final ultimate-bearing capacity of the pile.The calculated results by the proposed formula are in good agreement with those of the site measurement.     

配置600 MPa级高强钢筋T形柱抗震性能试验研究

600 MPa级钢筋是一种新型高强度钢筋,为研究该钢筋应用于异形柱结构体系的可行性,对7根不同轴压比、体积配箍率和钢筋强度的混凝土T形柱试件进行低周往复荷载试验,分别对其承载力、位移、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化和耗能性能进行研究,综合评估其抗震性能。研究结果表明：配置600 MPa级钢筋的混凝土T形柱具有良好的变形能力和承载能力,提高配箍率能有效提高试件的抗震性能,提高轴压比可以提高试件的承载力,但降低其变形能力。随着钢筋强度的提高,试件的承载力显著提高。     

Bearing capacity of composite columns reinforced by concrete filled steel tube

In this study, nine simplified short composite columns consisting of core CFST (concrete filled steel tube) of different diameters and outer reinforced concrete were constructed to study their compressive performance under axial or eccentric compression. The failure mode is characterized by the crush of the outer concrete. The bearing capacity increases at first and then decreases with further increase of the position coefficient. It can be concluded that position coefficient is an important structural parameter that has considerable influences on the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns. The outer concrete, steel tubes and longitudinal reinforcement are found to work in a cooperative manner under axial or eccentric compression when the position coefficient is about 0.5. An improved bearing capacity algorithm that takes the position coefficient into account has been proposed based on the experimental and simulation results and current technical specification in China. It has been proven to be precise and safe.     

新疆各地州（市）相对资源承载力时空差异分析

为了多角度多维度地丰富相对资源承载力理论和应用的研究,考虑研究区的整体性、资源的开放性和动态性,在原有相对资源承载力模型的基础上,添加了天然湿地资源和林木资源对原模型进行改进,利用改进后的新模型对比分析了2004—2009年新疆各地州（市）的土地、水、经济、能源、天然湿地、林木相对资源承载力、相对综合承载力、承载状态及度的变化趋势。研究发现,从各地区各资源承载力纵向比较来看,总体呈上升趋势的有土地资源承载力和经济资源承载力,呈下降趋势的有水资源承载力和能源资源承载力,天然湿地资源承载力和林木资源承载力与其变化趋势相似,全区有增有减。全区相对综合承载力多数地区处于上升趋势。一直处于严重超载状态的地区有石河子市、伊犁地区,表明这些地区人口处于警戒状态,必须大力控制人口增长速度。虽然吐鲁番地区、哈密地区、克州、克拉玛依市、阿勒泰地区、巴州连续6年分别处于富余、非常富余状态,但这些地区的富余度和非常富余度均呈下降趋势,即人口的增长略高于承载力的增长,说明在经济发展的同时,也应注意控制这6个地区的人口数量,使之处于可持续发展状态。     

陇南山区国土资源承载力评价研究──以两当县为例

为把握两当县国土资源承载力的空间分异特征,从而立足本地资源,拓宽发展思路,加快山区发展,笔者分别对两当县水资源、土地资源、矿产资源承载力进行评价:(1)利用综合指标法对水资源和土地资源的承载力进行评价,水资源承载力结果为:高承载力主要分布在泰山、云屏、张家和兴化4个乡镇,中等承载力的乡镇有站儿巷、左家、西坡、鱼池、杨店、显龙和金洞;城关为低承载区。土地资源承载力结果为:高承载力主要分布在鱼池、云屏、泰山、金洞、站儿巷、显龙、杨店、兴化和左家这9个乡镇,中等承载力的有城关和西坡;张家为低承载区;(2)利用模糊综合评价法对矿产资源承载力进行评价,得出两当县矿产资源高承载力主要分布在云屏、站儿巷、鱼池、显龙、西坡、金洞、泰山、兴化这8个乡镇,张家、城关和杨店为中等承载力,左家为低承载区;(3)利用综合评价方法进行了两当县国土资源承载力评价。高承载力的乡镇为:泰山、云屏、张家和兴化,中等承载力的乡镇有鱼池、左家、杨店、显龙、站儿巷、西坡和金洞,城关属于低承载力区。