The Research on the Construction of Concentrative Residence and Ecological Human Habitat Environment in the Rural Area of Rapidly Urbanizing Region

Under the background of the new rural construction in China, it is an important scientific question and an urgent social task to construct the harmonious society and to achieve the sustainable regional development on how to construct concentrative residence and manage the human habitat environment in the fast industrializing and typically urbanizing area. This paper analyzed the problems in the construction of the human habitat envi- ronment in the rural area of southern Jiangsu, discussed the methodologies of planning and design for rural con- centrative residence, researched the human habitat environment improvement technologies, and put forward the resolution of the recycling community for the rural inhabitation, which aimed at demonstrating the practicing in rapidly urbanizing regions.     

土地生态环境评价指标体系研究及区划应用

以江苏生态省建设和土地利用规划修编为契机,笔者着重研究了土地利用过程中土地生态环境评价的原则、依据及评价指标体系,主要选取土地生态环境物质输入等4个约束层指标和单位土地面积能耗等17个指标层指标,并依据江苏生态省建设目标对各个指标值在2004年现状基础上做了测算和评价。并依据指标体系,对江苏省进行了土地生态环境区划分,主要分为三级,分别为土地生态区、土地生态亚区和土地生态环境区。     

Research on Thermal Environment of Healthy City Residence

After "SARS", people introspect on the human settlement, and the health conception becomes the focal point of attention.The thermal environment is the important content of the human settlement and a good thermal environment is the premise of healthy city, healthy residence and people's health.In this paper, the property and affection of the thermal environment are analyzed and the principle and the way to improve the thermal environment of city residence are investigated.All play an important role in the healthy human settlement.     

基于三维绿量的城市绿地生态效益评价综述

绿量是定量化研究城市绿地生态效益的重要指标,它更加准确的反映了植物的冠层结构,并且大大增强了城市绿地建设的科学性和可靠性,为合理配置园林植物、改善绿量结构以及城市绿地规划提供重要依据。因此,三维绿量的研究意义重大。通过对近年来绿量及城市生态效益的研究进展做了阐述,并针对中国今后量化生态效益产生的问题及研究趋势进行了讨论。最后指出完善三维绿量的测算方法、构建城市绿地生态效益评价模型是未来量化生态效益的研究重点。     

北京市平谷区“生态桥”治理工程废弃物资源化利用和运行模式研究

“生态桥”治理工程是北京平谷区针对桃树枝废弃物资源化利用而提出一套废弃物资源化利用和乡村治理的模式,对于破解乡村环境治理困境具有重要意义。本研究分析了“生态桥”治理工程废弃物资源化利用和运行模式特征。结果表明：“生态桥”治理工程通过堆制有机肥、食用菌栽培、制作栽培基质和地表覆盖物等资源化利用方式,打造桃树枝废弃物良性生态循环模式。在运行模式上,“生态桥”治理工程建立投融资平台,统筹资金使用与投入方式,建立起财政资金有效使用和管理办法,激发企业投入农村环境治理的动力,保障农民全员参与的机制。通过“生态桥”工程设施,吸引社会资本进入乡村环境治理领域,有效改善环境质量,推动乡村生态环境建设投融资机制改革,提高了乡村生态环境综合治理水平,是一种有效的乡村环境治理模式。     

Embodiment of Health in the Residence Design

According to the research on the health of the living environment and the social condition during the construction of a residence, this paper summarizes the key points that should be noticed, then puts forward the points of view that healthy residence is a developing tendency of residence.     

On the Design of Roof Garden

Building roof garden can widen the green area and expand the green space effectively.It has the ecological function for improving the environment, beautification function for molding a person's sentiment and colorful practical function. It can promote the ecological balance of the city and optimize the environment for human residence to meet the needs of people to approach the nature and return to the nature. In designing roof garden, the favorite factors, such as wide field of vision, good illumination, large temperature difference, little pollution, small people flow as well as adverse factors concerning the field, bearing capacity, soil and wind power should be taken into account. In the meantime, to create an outer ecological space with abundant cultural connotation, it is necessary to take safety as prerequisite, ecology as basis,artistic quality as its core, function as its purpose and economy as its guarantee.     

民勤绿洲生态环境现状及恢复对策

民勤绿洲属典型的干旱荒漠化地区,生态环境具有脆弱性。由于水资源的缺乏、地下水位的下降等因素,导致了绿洲生态环境的急剧恶化,通过客观分析当前民勤绿洲生态环境的现状和所存在的问题,对民勤的生态环境综合治理和恢复提出了相应的对策。     

东北地区农场生态环境现状与可持续发展对策

调查了解农场生态环境现状不仅是加强农业生产的必要手段,而且是构建和谐自然环境的重要部分。笔者通过实地走访和查阅相关资料后发现,近年来东北地区农场生态环境呈现出逐渐退化的趋势,主要表现在土壤理化性质降低、生物危害日益严重、化学污染逐渐加重等方面。纠其原因,既有自然因素也有人为因素。因此,必须要积极采取有效措施,通过规范生产管理,推进制度建设,依靠科技支持,转换经营机制,从而遏制东北地区农场生态环境的退化现象,促进东北地区农业可持续发展。     

Research on Lighting Luminous Environment for Older People Living Areas in Residence

This paper probes into visual characters of older people, analyzes circumstance of lighting luminous environment under their living condition and then, beginning with visual physiology and visual psychology, it studies the illuminance and design methods of lighting luminous environment for older people living areas in residence.     

长沙市土地利用生态风险及评价

摘要：城市生态环境问题已成为制约城市可持续发展的重要问题,土地利用变化是城市生态环境改变的重要因素。长沙市作为中部经济发达、人口众多的大城市,其工业化和城市化的发展速度很快。强烈的土地需求对土地利用的强度、方式、规模、布局等造成了深远的影响,同时也对城市生态环境造成强烈的冲击,生态安全受到严重威胁。本文引入城市土地利用生态风险评价的概念,分析长沙市土地利用现状,阐述城市土地利用生态风险产生的原因,识别与土地利用相关的生态环境问题,综合运用主成分分析,K均值聚类等方法,建立了土地利用生态风险评价模型,分析和评价长沙市土地利用生态风险。结果发现该区所研究时段土地利用生态风险总体上变大,土地利用生态风险值从1996年的-0.85286（Ⅴ）,变为2006年的1.321039（Ⅰ）,期间变化波动明显,风险值在1996-1999年和2003-2006年趋于上升,2000-2002年趋于下降。根据此评价结论提出一系列规避和应对生态风险,协调城市土地利用与生态环境的对策。     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

Creating a Graceful and Comfortable Environment for People to Live in Investigation into the Residence Exterior Environment in Yitian Village,Shenzhen

The residence exterior environment affects the living quality of the residents directly.This article offers methods and means to improve the quality of the residence exterior environment in light of general arrangement,environmental space designing,environmental art designing,etc.on the basis of the author,s engineering practice.     

西部地区生态环境现状、症结及启示

西部地区社会经济的发展已经到了一个新的阶段,随之也给十分脆弱的生态环境带来巨大的压力。文章首先从环境退化、自然灾害、环境污染和植被破坏四个方面分析了西部地区生态环境现状;在第二部分从西部区域经济发展滞后四个方面等分析了西部生态危机症结所在;最后得出结论,可持续发展—西部地区开发的永恒命题。     

Design of the Virtual Instrument of Frequency/Amplitude Sweep

In this paper the inevitable trend of constructing open ecosystem in modern settlement environment was discussed through the history of the settlement environment and the characters of modern settlement environment.The ecological crisis,change of the modern life and the citizens' needs and the ecological system character show,that it is important for sustainable development of the settlement environment to construct open ecosystem.The construction of modern habitation and the city room embodies the concept of open ecosystem.Then,in construction and research of modern settlement,the ecological viewpoint and method should be applied.     

甘肃民勤生态状况调查与分析

通过对石羊河流域生态状况的科学考察,特别是民勤绿洲荒漠化历史过程及其生态环境恶化成因的调查研究,客观分析了民勤生态环境治理中存在的水资源、生态植被、风沙危害、经济发展与生态保护的矛盾、生态移民、资金投入等方面存在的主要问题,并对民勤生态环境综合治理提出了对策和建议。     

水岸带土壤生态环境与重金属污染研究进展

水岸带生态系统的保护、恢复和重建具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。笔者系统评述了水岸带生态系统功能研究进展,总结了国内外研究者对水岸带退化机制与生态修复的研究现状,分析了水岸带土壤重金属污染及其评价方法研究进展。就水岸带土壤生态环境及其修复研究而言,国外主要的关注焦点开始转向对退化水岸带生态系统的恢复以及水岸植被缓冲带的管理,而国内学者对水岸带生态系统恢复的理论及实践研究均较为薄弱。从水岸带土壤重金属污染研究来看,国内外水岸带都存在着不同程度的土壤重金属污染状况,并具有明显的生态风险,但主要的研究集中于土壤中重金属的赋存水平和污染现状分析,而没有能够将各环境因子、土壤生物对重金属的响应特征进行充分的考虑,导致了对区域内重金属可能存在的生态危害效应的评价不明。     

休闲农业发展探析——基于生态环境的视角

休闲农业与生态环境的联系十分密切。作者尝试从生态环境的视角将休闲农业划分为水域型、山地型及平原型3 类,并从环境驱动力及正外部性2 个角度阐述休闲农业的发展机理,最后从生态环境保护的角度提出促进休闲农业可持续发展的建议。     

山东生态茶园建设模式初探

生态茶园建设是有机、无公害茶生产的基础。作者通过对山东茶区土壤、空气、水质的调查分析,认为在山东主茶区发展生态茶园是可行的,并从防护林建设、茶园施肥、幼苗期茶园间作模式三个方面进行了试验研究,总结出了山东生态条件下,生态茶园建设的初步模式,为山东生态茶园建设提供了理论依据。     

中国淡水池塘养殖面临的环境问题及对策

传统的集约化池塘养殖废水排放势必会加剧周围水域的富营养化程度,环境问题已成为中国淡水池塘养殖发展的瓶颈之一。为解决这个难题,国内外学者尝试了原位的和异位的池塘生态环境修复技术,其中具有代表性的是“鱼-菜”共生和循环水养殖模式。前者虽然增加了额外的经济、生态收入,但难以实现池塘产排污系数的绝对为零,而后者虽然能够实现水资源的循环利用,但考虑到经济、土地成本,很难有大面积的净化配置。养殖池塘水体上层种菜,养殖废水排入人工湿地,将原位与异位修复技术结合起来,建立淡水池塘生态合作养殖模式,是中国池塘养殖所面临环境问题的有效解决途径之一。渔民合作社是水产科技集中体现的平台,将中国已发展成熟的养鱼合作社,从“经济合作”、“信息合作”推向“生态合作”也是水产养殖业发展的趋势。