Research on the Primary Productive Force and Model of the Shuanglong Lake

The Shuanglong-lake is a shallow lake in the urban area, once it had been a serious typical eutrophic lake. After comprehensive harnessing, the water quality of the lake has been improved greatly. By testing the distribution of its primary productive for     

北京山区沟域生态承载力评价指标体系与方法研究

本文在北京山区沟域生态承载力内涵的基础上,从实现沟域经济社会可持续发展及经济与环境协调发展的角度,从生态弹性指数、资源环境承载指数、资源环境压力度等方面,构建了北京山区沟域生态承载力评价指标体系,并应用综合评价法构建了评价模型,为北京山区沟域的生态承载力评价提供了技术依据。     

都市农业与生态环境协调发展关系研究——以兰州市为例

为了探索内陆河谷盆地型城市的都市农业与生态环境协调发展的关系,以兰州市为例,通过构建都市农业发展综合指数和生态环境综合指数的指标体系,运用协调发展度模型,对兰州市2002—2012年都市农业与生态环境协调发展的关系进行量化分析。结果表明：兰州市都市农业发展与生态环境综合指数都是在曲折中上升,其协调发展类别由不协调到初级协调再到良好的阶段,在整个过程中,兰州都市农业发展的方式成为其主要的影响因素。     

The Competitive Administer plan for Taohua River Water Environment in GuiLin

The thesis introduces the origin of demonstrate item on the city water environment quality improvement-tao-hua river water environment competitive administer, analyzes the current situation and cause of taohua river valley pollute and ecological destroy, and summarizes the gain and loss in projects which have taken place in the domestic city water environment competitive administer. On the base, a collectivity idea is put forward that it should stress recovering and rebuilding ecosystem on the item. Due to the water environment in taohua river is representative, if the item can be favorably carried out, it not only improves GuiLin water environment, makes people life advantage and expands city tour, but also produces important affects to the other domestic cities in the condition of using marketable economy means to improve city water environment quality.     

三峡地区引种美国牧草试验初报

随着中国经济的持续增长,要求改善生态环境、防治水土流失的呼声也越来越高。对于该问题,需要用可持续发展的方针加以解决。方法之一就是在条件适合的地方种植豆科植物和禾本科草。长江水土保持局与美国俄勒冈草种协会合作进行引种美国牧草试验研究,试验区选择在紧邻三峡大坝的湖北省宜昌市夷陵区三斗坪镇花鸡坡,试验期为2000年10月—2003年10月,对美国8种草种进行了产量和水土保持径流小区试验观测。在此,重点介绍了观测的过程,并对牧草的生长情况和水土保持能力进行了比较,认为多年生黑麦草、剪股颖等草系在其生长期内能够显著提高地面覆盖率,产草量高,可以在水土保持治理措施和退耕还林还草等项目中推广。     

元江干热河谷低海拔地带退化生态系统植物多样性及物种分布模式

元江干热河谷是一个低海拔的脆弱生态系统,以环境干旱、植被贫乏为主要特征。17世纪中期以前它曾经植被茂盛,但是17世纪末以后,它逐渐演变退化为一个典型的热带山地萨王纳类型。本研究旨在阐明元江干热河谷低海拔地带典型干热区植物的多样性及其分布状况,从而深入了解气温、降水、地下水等主要的环境因子对植物种类及种群的影响以及植物对干热环境的适应,以及植物种类及其组成对元江干热河谷环境的指示作用。考察的主要指标包括物种多样性α,生境多样性β,物种期望值Species_estimated,稀有指数Singletons和Uniques,以及物种丰富度指数ACE、ICE和Chao2等。结果显示：（1）在不同的样带设计中,以紧靠河流的样带和样方(< 25 m) α多样性高,远离河道则逐渐变小。（2）在平行于河道的L样带,随着沿河流从上游向下游延伸,β多样性变化趋势明显,Bray-Curtis < 0.500;而在垂直于河道的P样带,随着环境干热化加剧及河道渗水的急剧减少,生境趋同性明显,Bray-Curtis > 0.500。（3）总体趋势上,干热河谷低海拔地带的植物对水分的依赖性表现得相当明显,在紧靠河道的样带,以及河流下游河漫滩发育地区,物种期望值Species_estimated、稀有种指数Singletons和Uniques以及物种丰富度指数ACE,ICE和Chao2都明显偏高。本研究研究证明干热河谷低海拔地区存在特殊水热条件,影响植物的种类和分布,同时阐明了干热河谷低海拔地区植物多样性及种类分布与河道周边的小生境密切相关,为脆弱生态环境环境变化监测提供建议。     

Preliminary Study on Eco-environmental Water Demand in Taohuajiang Valley, Guilin

Eco-environmental water demand in Taohuajiang Valley of Guilin is defined as the minimum water volume required by the valley to maintain the eco-environmental quality not to be degraded over time.By using the site survey data,the eco-environmental water demand in Taohuajiang valley is studied preliminarily.The results calculated indicate that: the out-stream eco-environmental water demand is about 14.9 million m3 per year,about 4 percent of annual runoff of the valley;and the in-stream eco-environmental water requirement is about 109.8 million m3 per year,about 30 percent of annual runoff.This study provides scientific basis for local sustainable water resources use and management as well as for eco-environmental water requirement study in similar regions in terms of Karst geological condition and climate.     

Research of Application About Environment Dredging on River and Reservoir with Water Jet Airlift

Being established in the thought of environment dredging, the crafts flow of water jet airlift dredging and treating of surplus water as well as circle using of mud polluted have been analysed following the status in quo of pollution of the fiver and reservoir. Definitely, it has been pointed out that the total of mud will be reduced with the technique of dehydration so as to reduce the volume of mud stack. At the same ring the surplus water. The mud which had been treated can be time, it will be reduced for pollution secondly by treaused as soil of fiver or gardens or road for the recycle. Then, the parameter and efficiency of production in HuaXi river valley integration treating project have been expatiated particularly in environment dredging. It indicates the new way for environment dredging in river and reservoir at the mountainous area.     

Present Situation and Countermeasure of Water Pollution in Yulin River, Yubei District, Chongqing

Yulin River is the major secondary stream of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. According to the requirement of "The Prevention Plan of Water Pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Upper Areas (2001-2010)", the water environment pollution in Yulin River valley should be controlled. In this paper the reason of the water pollution is analyzed through investigation and evaluation on the present situation of Yulin River in North Chongqing area, and then a proposal on the prevention and cure measure of water pollution of Yulin River is presented.     

Investigate to Water Resource and the Dispatch to Water Capacity in LIJIANG

The tremendous seasonal variation of rainfall and the relative little dispose capacity of sewage are the main reason of the lack of water quantity and the contaminate of water quality in low water season in LIJIANG. Adjusting water quantity is an important measure to resolve the problem. So, the author does an investigation on water resource of LIJIANG, calculates upper-water supply and requires equation. As a result, in the condition of no water adjust, and if in the extraordinary year of the lack of water quantity, the water flow will fade in 2010, and the demand of water quantity of 30 m~3/s in the season of the lack of water will not be satisfied. Based on the actuality of water resource, the thesis introduces the project of mending water reservoir to LIJIANG,analyzes its feasibility in the respect of technique and financial condition,brings forward major problem of the project. The result proves the benefit of the project in the field of environment,economy society is very prominent, and the project is an engineering to realize water resource of LIJIANG reasonable utilize; for the reason to guarantee this project to bring into play its function,it is time to carry out integrate management to water resource and water environment in LIJIANG valley.     

“7.21”特大暴雨的地形影响分析

为了深入研究地形对暴雨的影响,提高暴雨预报的精准度,本研究利用NCEP资料和WRF模式对“7.21”特大暴雨进行了数值模拟和分析。结果显示：“7.21”特大暴雨是在有利的环境场以及这一地区特殊地形作用下发生;强降水中心主要出现在山谷、山区与平原交界区域,与地形的影响密切相关。地形的影响主要表现热力和动力2个方面：风顺山谷而吹,形成明显的高温、高湿的水汽输送,同时形成辐合、上升运动;山区和平原交界地带温度梯度大,加上迎风坡作用,有利于对流的发生、发展。     

北京沟域经济背景下山区生态旅游市场开发研究

近年来,山区沟域经济已经成为北京农村发展的新模式,实现了经济发展和生态保护双赢。北京山区县依托山区自然风光、人文遗迹、民俗文化和生态农业等资源,形成了以生态旅游业为龙头产业的经济形态。作为都市型现代农业发展的一种新形式,沟域经济在北京山区具有广阔的发展前景。本文在分析北京沟域经济内涵和发展现状的基础上,从需求类型、需求动机、市场潜力等方面对北京山区生态旅游的市场需求进行了深入探讨,并从开发旅游产品、加大宣传力度、打开知名度等方面提出发展山区生态旅游的市场策略。     

基于过程模拟的东昌湖流域水环境承载力评估与预测

基于过程模拟的水环境承载力评估与预测对区域社会经济的可持续发展有重要的指导作用。以东昌湖及其流域为研究对象,利用Vensim软件构建了由流域社会经济、流域与湖泊水资源、流域与湖泊水环境子系统构成的系统动力学模型。从社会经济、水资源与水环境3个方面构建了包括人均GDP、城镇化率等11个水环境承载力评价指标,采用模糊综合评价法进行评价。以2008年为现状年,以2015年、2020年为近期和远期规划水平年,在规划方案的基础上拟定了3种改善型方案：资源环境约束型、社会经济约束型、协调发展型,对不同发展方案下的水环境承载能力状况进行分析。结果表明,规划方案下东昌湖污染物严重超标（2020年东昌湖COD_Cr、氨氮、TN平均浓度分别为43.61、2.16、2.85 mg/L）,承载力系数较低（2020年达到0.17）;协调发展型方案不仅改善东昌湖水质方面效果显著,而且其水环境承载力系数优于其他方案（2020年达到0.67）,预计到2020年CODCr、氨氮和TN浓度可满足水质目标要求（2020年东昌湖CODCr、氨氮、TN评价浓度分别为22.56、1.13、1.41 mg/L）。以协调发展型方案为推荐方案,给出了相应的建议对策。     

太湖富营养化现状及其生态防治对策

太湖是太湖流域的主要水体，由于流域内工业、农业的高速发展及生活污水无节制排放，水污染防治相对滞后，加之湖泊自身的水文特征等效应，使太湖富营养化形势严峻，并已危及流域内的经济发展和居民正常生活。太湖富营养化是典型的生态问题，因此可通过恢复湖泊水生植被，限制湖泊网围养殖面积，实施生物操纵控藻，建设环湖生态农业区，恢复湖滨带生态等生态防治对策加以控制。     

黄前流域土壤侵蚀特征及其与环境影响因子关系

以黄前流域为研究对象,以减少水土流失为目的,运用3S软件和水土保持相关理论,通过对2008年ALOS影像解译,研究黄前流域内土地利用、坡度、高程和植被盖度因子对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明：流域内土壤侵蚀强度类型以轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀为主;侵蚀主要发生在坡度为5°~35°、高程200~800 m、植被盖度45%~75%的林地和园地。水土流失区域主要发生在人类活动剧烈的园地,说明人类活动对流域的土壤侵蚀有很大的影响。     

北京沟域经济发展模式的典型调研与思考

沟域经济发展模式对北京山区经济发展和实现城乡统筹发展目标具有重要意义。研究典型沟域经济发展的成功经验、面临问题和有关政策需求等,将为山区经济建设工作提供可借鉴经验和参考。本文采用走访、问卷和座谈等方式,对北京市2011年率先启动的7条重点沟域进行了调研。调研显示,重点沟域经济建设,在选择主导产业、改善生态环境、建设新村民居和促进山区经济建设等方面取得了显著成绩,但在理论探索、模式创新、生态保护、缩小城乡差距等方面仍有不足,需要不断加强理论研究、培育主导产业、促进农业体质增效和完善土地管理政策。     

Urban Design Strategy Research Based on the Concept of Sponge City: A Case Study of Renbei District in Chengdu

Cities are currently confronted with many urban problems, such as water shortages, water quality pollution, floods, and the loss of habitats of aquatic organisms, and badly in need of a more comprehensive solution. In this context, the concept of "sponge city" is proposed. This paper, based on the theory of sponge city and low impact development, elaborated the origin, development, connotation, and construction method of "sponge city" concept. In this paper, the urban design scheme of Renbei District in Chengdu was taken for example to analyze the geographical environment and climate characteristics of Chengdu and explain the formation and verification of the scheme. It is considered that the "sponge city" is different from the traditional urban infrastructure. It is essentially an ecological approach. Its core is to build a cross-scale urban water ecological infrastructure to comprehensively solve the prominent water-related problems of urban and rural areas in China.     

黄河流域棉区纤维品质区域分布特征与生态区划研究

【目的】旨在研究黄河流域试验环境与参试品种品质性状互作模式。【方法】选用2005―2014年国家棉花品种区域试验黄河流域棉区中熟常规组19个试验点,作为试验环境;运用GGE模型绘制双标图,结合纤维品质性状选择对适宜的生态区划分进行探讨,并基于GGE双标图对纺纱均匀性指数与其他指标的相关性进行研究。【结果】(1)纤维的纺纱均匀性指数与纤维的上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和长度整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,与断裂伸长率、反射率表现为正相关但不显著,与马克隆值显示为负相关但不显著。(2)黄河流域棉区纤维品质性状在19个生态试点的表现可划分为3个特征明显的纤维品质生态区。第Ⅰ生态区包括江苏泗阳、响水,安徽灵璧,河南新乡和商丘,其纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和纺纱均匀性指数都显著高于其余生态区,长度整齐度指数显著高于第Ⅲ生态区,且纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值协调较好,都达到了国家棉花品种审定的Ⅱ型标准,为"优质纤维生态区"。第Ⅱ生态区包括陕西大荔,河南西华,山东宁津,河北石家庄和故城,其马克隆值较高,纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度表现一般,纺纱均匀性指数表现最差,为"普通纤维生态区"。第Ⅲ生态区包括陕西杨凌,山西运城,河南安阳,河北邯郸、沧州,天津宁河,山东惠民、金乡和临清,其马克隆值最低,其余性状表现中等,为"低马克隆值生态区"。【结论】本研究明确了黄河流域棉区棉花纤维品质生态区的划分,可为黄河流域广适性棉花品种的选育、生态区划分和理想试验环境选择等提供依据。     

基于ARMA模型的地表水水质预测方法研究?

选用合适的模型提高预测的精度和可靠性,为区域水环境管理提供科学依据,是水质预测要解决的关键问题。为了解决这一问题,根据辽河流域的实际,运用自回归滑动平均(ARMA)模型对辽河流域东陵大桥监测断面CODMn的水质变化趋势进行预测。结果表明：综合自相关函数、偏相关函数以及BIC原则,ARMA(1,1)模型能够更好地用于东陵大桥断面水质预测。拟合结果显示,相对误差在2.60%~25.98%之间,平均相对误差为13.69%,说明该模型能够充分利用近期水质资料信息,以精确预测未来水质变化趋势。而对东陵大桥监测断面CODMn的预测显示,未来CODMn呈现出增长态势,辽宁水环境管理任务仍然很重。最后,就ARMA模型应用于水质预测的问题和发展方向进行了探讨。     

贵州高原地貌异质性对灌草丛中土壤动物分布的影响

贵州喀斯特高原独特的地理环境对土壤动物分布的影响研究较少,通过对花江喀斯特高原峡谷,清镇喀斯特高原盆地与毕节喀斯特高原山地天然灌草丛中土壤动物群落的分析,得知贵州喀斯特高原地貌异质性对土壤动物分布有一定影响：(1)沿峡谷-山地方向,土壤动物类群不断增加,膜翅目、双尾目比重不断减少,弹尾目比重不断增加。(2) 双翅目与半翅目的分布与地表空气的相对湿度呈正相关关系。(3) 近孔寡毛目和蜱螨类的分布与地表的光照度呈正相关关系。