Experimental Study of Soil Stress on the Holding Sheet of Pile-Anchor Holding-Block Structure System

This paper studies the soil stress on the holding sheet between the pile-anchor erecting columns of the pile-anchor holding block structure system often used in Chongqing. Based on the indoor model tests, this paper makes a qualitative analysis about the variation rules of the soil stress on the holding sheet. The results are compared with the calculation results on classical soil stress theory. Then, this paper suggests that the classical soil stress theory is unsuitable to calculating and analyzing the soil stress on the holding sheet.     

Seismic Behavior of a Slope Protected by a Soil Nailing Retaining Wall during an Earthquake

The dynamic elastic plastic finite element method was used to study the seismic performance of a slope protected by a soil nailing retaining wall. On the basis of working in parallel and interaction between loess and a flexible retaining wall, a 3 D nonlinear finite element method (ADINA) also was established. Rational earthquake excitation and damping were discussed for geological engineering. Horizontal and vertical excitations were considered simultaneously in the analyses. A model capable of simulating the nonlinear static and dynamic elastic plastic behavior of soil was used to model the soil, and a bilinear elastic plastic model having hardening behavior was used to model the soil nailing. A friction element was employed to describe the soil structure interaction behavior. Our research focused on the seismic performance of the horizontal and vertical slope deformation, soil nailing axial force, and earth pressure subjected to horizontal and vertical excitations. The results show that the seismic performance of slope protected by soil nailing is good; soil nailing axial force increases after an earthquake; permanent slope displacement occurs during an earthquake; and the peak earth pressure distribution during an earthquake is similar to the earth pressure before the earthquake. These conclusions can provide references for seismic analyses and design in soil nailing engineering.     

A Calculating Method of Non Linear Earth Pressure Behind Retaining Walls

Based on equilibrium analysis of forces and moment with inclined soil element, an analytical solution of earth pressure with inclined surface of fill and rough retaining wall was proposed, and the influence of slope angle of fill on earth pressure also was discussed. It is shown that the classical Rankine's earth pressure theory is a special case of the analytical solution with horizontal surface of fill and a smooth retaining wall. The results also show that the limiting rupture angle of a sliding wedge behind a retaining wall decreased with increasing slope angle of fill or friction angle between soil and a retaining wall, with the settled value of the internal friction angle of fill. The non linear character of earth pressure exhibited distinctly for the earth pressure along a retaining wall was obtained by an analytical solution. The value of earth pressure is 0 at the toe of retaining wall, consistent with the testing results. In addition, the value of earth pressure at the toe of the retaining wall will increase rapidly with increasing slope angle of fill. The analytical solution of earth pressure behind a retaining wall with fill of clay soils can be further studied with the investigative method we developed.     

Stability Analysis on Excavated High Slope of Mozong River Power Station in Wulong

The subject matter of this paper is to analyze the stability of excavated high slope. On the base of typical engineering case in Wulong, Chongqing, the geological conditions and potential failure pattern of the high slope are discussed. Then, the limit equilibrium method and the stereographic projection method are used to synthetically analyze the stability of excavated high slope. As a result, it indicates that the stability of the high slope in insufficient and some retaining structures ought to be adopted for the high slope as soon as possible.     

Technical Economy Analysis on Selection of Structure About Soldier Pile

Based on silt geological condition, aimed at cantilever pile and pile-anchor, using method of beam on elastic foundation ,through multiple combinations of pile spacing, diameter, embedded-depth at different levels of excavation depth, the impaction is discussed on the greatest displacement, maximum bending moment, the largest shear forces of supporting structure, and in different excavation, bolt locations impact on maximum horizontal displacement, the greatest moment of medial and lateral bending moment, the biggest shear force of pile and the axial force of bolt. By deformation control standards of supporting structure, the law and technically feasible program is found. Then combined with construction method of pile and current quota, technical economy is performed to find the economic plan and give suggestion to the project.     

不同基质配比对边坡修复植物生长的影响研究

采用盆栽试验的方法,以典型的边坡绿化植物早熟禾(Poa annua)为供试材料,水泥、保水剂、肥料和腐殖质为基质原材料,选用L9(34)正交表进行试验,对比研究在4种基质原材料的9种不同配比下早熟禾生长状况的差异性,并对9种配比基质的物理性质、化学性质、植物出芽率、植物存活率及50天植物株高等指标进行测定与分析。结果表明,不同基质配比对早熟禾的生长状况影响不同。通过极差分析得出,4个因素对植物出芽率影响的主次顺序为：保水剂>腐殖质>水泥>肥料;对植物存活率影响的主次顺序为：保水剂>水泥>肥料>腐殖质;对50天植物株高影响的主次顺序为：保水剂>肥料>腐殖质>水泥。最终,水泥含量15.0%、保水剂含量1.0%、肥料含量6.0%和腐殖质含量6.0%的基质,能显著增大植物出芽率及存活率,促进植物生长,是最优基质配比。而水泥含量10.0%、保水剂含量0.5%、肥料含量9.0%和腐殖质含量6.0%的基质可保证较高的植物存活率及50天植物株高。     

高陡边坡整体与局部失稳的强度折减及安全度判别分析

为了实现从整体和局部都能较为准确地分析弧状高陡边坡安全稳定性,指导露天采矿高陡边坡设计,采用有限差分强度折减法分析边坡稳定性,获得边坡整体的安全系数。对每个计算单元引入安全度进行分析,获得边坡局部安全系数;将最大节点位移时步曲线收敛性作为边坡失稳的判定准则,弥补了采用其他准则时由于人为指定容差而引起的较大误差;以某铁矿西南边坡为例,运用FISH语言编制强度折减法、失稳准则和安全度相关程序进行计算。研究表明：有限差分强度折减法、基于最大节点位移时步曲线收敛性的失稳准则和计算单元安全度相结合的边坡稳定性分析方法适合于弧状边坡稳定性分析,研究为弧状高陡边坡设计提出了新的思路。     

多功能保水剂对苜蓿产量的影响

研究了多功能保水剂对苜蓿产量的影响。结果表明：保水剂不同施用量都能提高苜蓿产量,随着施用量的增加,提高程度也加大,但从最大经济效益来讲,以3Kg/亩为最佳施用量;施用多功能保水剂还能增加苜蓿体内干物质的积累。     

Field test and deformation controlling for single tunneling lining stability

The construction process of anchor,fiber concrete and its mechanical principle of interaction with surrounding rocks is studied by field tests from the view of researching stability of single layer tunneling lining. The mechanical properties of single layer lining in the practical application of tunnel engineering are measured. On the basis of this study,the mechanism of single layer tunnel lining is discussed,which is finally applied to the engineering practice,formatting a set of theoretical support for the design method of single layer lining. Studies found that close effect between fiber reinforced concrete and rock is well,which shows that the single layer lining design method to ensure quality and safety proposed in this paper is feasible,and construction characteristic of retaining structure is reliable. The method can be widely applied in engineering practice,and has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit.     

施用不同用量保水剂对烟草农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

为了研究保水剂对烟草产量及质量的影响,试验通过对烟草种植小区施用不同剂量的保水剂,结果表明：施用2.5～3.0kg/667m2的保水剂时,烟草的产量最高,并能提高烟叶的质量等级,效益最好.     

Earth Pressure on Retaining Structure of Round Deep Foundation Pit in Sand-cobble Soils

In recent years, the round deep foundation pits engineering gradually appears in Chengdu Plain whose strata are mainly sand-cobble soils. However, there are no proper calculation methods of earth pressure in retaining structure like this and distribution mode of the pressure is unknown. With the use of elastoplastic numerical simulation method involved in interaction between retaining piles and soil, the distribution law of earth pressure of the round deep foundation pit retaining structure is determined. The result shows that distribution of earth pressure on a pile is triangular and the maximum lies in the location of pit bottom, but the average value of the pressure is less than Rankine active earth pressure. Model tests have also been carried out so as to verify the distribution mode. As for the test model, the values obtained by the numerical simulation method are approximately similar to the experimental results in the distribution law as a whole, which to some degree suggests the rationality of the numerical simulation results.     

树皮替代泥炭对飞羽竹芋生长的影响

为了探索树皮替代泥炭栽培飞羽竹芋的可行性,以100%泥炭处理为对照,研究了不同复配基质的物理性状,以及对飞羽竹芋株高、冠幅、叶片数、叶面积的影响。结果表明：树皮替代部分泥炭的复配基质优于单一使用泥炭的栽培效果,最佳配比为泥炭60%+树皮40%,其次是泥炭80%+树皮20%。2种配方基质的容重为0.20 g/cm3左右,总孔隙度大于65%,持水力为300 g/100 g左右。飞羽竹芋上盆8个月后,比使用纯泥炭的株高增加20%,冠幅增加15%,叶片数增加2.4%,叶面积增加55%~65%。树皮替代部分泥炭培育飞羽竹芋可行,还可降低生产成本。     

Shaking Table Test on Soil Slope Seismic Damage Failure Mechanism

The digital image displacement measurement technology and finite element data smooth were applied in the soil slope shaking table test. The displacement field and strain field were obtained from the whole vibration process. And the seismic failure mode and failure mechanism were discussed as well. The results show the deformation of soil slope increases gradually; there is shear failure from slope middle to toe and tension-shear failure at the top of slope; there forms deep arc-shaped slip surface when the slope model fails. The generalized curvature of displacement time-hisrory curve is used to judge whether the slope seismic failure is feasible.     

Study on high and steep slope stability Based on 3D laser scanning

Dangerous mountain construction projects block of high and steep slope stability is the important issue of security and disaster prevention, investigation on the surface of the dangerous mountain high and steep slope rock mass structure is the key to the analysis of the problem. The high slope of a major project of the Lancang River, the application of 3D laser scanning technique to study the long-distance survey analysis of rock mass structure analysis method to analyze the distribution of the surface space of the high and steep slope rock mass structure, statistical analysis direction of the advantages of the structure surface and the distribution of rock blocks, as the basis for the application of limit equilibrium analysis method to study the stability of rock blocks of the high and steep slope.     

保水剂对土壤理化性状和木薯产量影响研究

为探讨保水剂对土壤理化性状和木薯产量的影响,以木薯品种‘辐选01’为材料,在每公顷施用保水剂(0 kg,20 kg,40 kg)的处理下,研究保水剂不同用量对土壤理化性状、木薯农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：施用保水剂能改善土壤理化性状,促进木薯生长,提高木薯产量。其中以40 kg/hm2保水剂施用量效果最好,其土壤含水量、孔隙度、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加了12.56%、16.47%、11.62%、36.87%、45.42%;株高、茎粗分别增加了14.74%、12.74%;木薯产量和经济收入分别增加了36.96%和22.15%。由此可见,保水剂对改善土壤理化性状,促进木薯生长,增加木薯块根产量,提高经济效益起到积极的促进作用,因此可在木薯栽培上推广应用。     

Communication Platform Based CORBA and java in Collaborative Design

The present status and problem for collaborative design are analyzed. A communication system structure based CORBA principle and the Java distributed programming technology is developed. The capability of CORBA and Java supplying is compensated each other in this structure system. The integration of CORBA and Java is proved to be a more effective designing platform for distributed collaborative design in the area developing WWW-based applications. Highly efficient safe communication is realized for collaborative design.     

Fisher discriminant analysis model for selecting the retaining structure type of deep foundation pit

Aiming at the problem of traditional evaluation methods of deep foundation pit for selecting the retaining structure type, based on the statistical theory and following the principle of security, economic and reasonable, a Fisher discriminant analysis(FDA) model for selecting the retaining structure type for deep foundation pit is established. 10 selected indicators which influence selection of deep excavation program are taken into account as discriminant factors, and the supporting schemes for deep foundation pit are classified into 5 groups, viz. gravity of the cement-soil type, soil nailing wall, pile anchors, pile supports and underground continuous wall. After training and testing 64 sets of measured data, the discriminant functions of FDA are solved, the re-substitution method is introduced to verify the stability of FDA model and the ratio of mis-discrimination is 14.1%. Another 10 groups of measured data are tested as forecast samples by the proposed model, and the correct rate is equal to 100%. Therefore, the feasibility of the proposed model is validated. Moreover, the proposed model is adopted for the New World Center Project in China, and the prediction results are in line with the artificial neural network(ANN) and the actual situation. The result shows that the deep foundation pit supporting structure lectotype decision of FDA model has excellent discriminant performance and the resubstitution error rate is low. It is easy and efficient to make discriminant analysis using this model and it provides efficient method to select deep excavation retaining structure and a practical new approach to choose the structural type of deep foundation pit optimization.     

竹林地下系统结构及其生物力学研究进展

通过对竹林地下系统的结构,植物根系生物力学性质,植物根系与坡面稳定的关系以及今后竹林鞭根系统的研究重点等方面文献资料的检索,梳理了前人研究竹林地下系统结构及其生物力学研究的进展,提出了现有研究的不足以及今后的研究重点,以期为从事该项研究工作的人员提供较为全面的信息和参考。     

浙江省近10年耕地变化及直接影响因素分析——基于土地详查、变更调查及更新调查成果

为了更直接、更全面、更精确地研究浙江省近10年来耕地变化情况及影响因素,通过挖掘历年的土地调查数据,分析浙江省耕地数量变化情况,探讨了直接影响因素。研究发现,1996-2006年浙江省耕地面积净减少20.8万hm2,减幅为9.8%;耕地变化的自然影响因素中,地形坡度起直接作用,平地及陡坡地耕地减少更为迅速,缓坡地梯田面积有所增加;社会影响因素中,农业产业结构调整、建设用地规模扩展及生态退耕政策的实施直接导致耕地的减少,而严格的耕地保护政策减缓了耕地的流失。总之,耕地减少趋势不可避免,要充分利用更科学的土地利用总体规划及更严格的土地政策,保障社会经济发展的同时保护好耕地。     

Research on Evaluation of the Slope Stability Based on the Extension Theory

The stability of rock-mass slopes is a very complicated system which is controlled by lots of factors. It is always a very important research subject to evaluate the slope stability reasonably through some evaluation methods. Based on matter-element theory and dependent function,the extension theory is applied to evaluate the stability of rock mass slope,and the extension method for the stability of rock mass slopes is proposed. Taking a real slope project for example,based on the reasonable selection of evaluation factors of slope stability,an extension model for evaluation of slope stability is built,whose result is contrasted with the fuzzy evaluating one. As a result, it is practical and feasible to apply the extension method to estimate the rock slope stability.