Water Supply and Drainage Design of Residential Building

This paper sums up the current situation of water supply and drainage designs of residential building. In accordance with the owner's demands, the problems related to the installation of water meter and water heater, the layout of pipeline, selection of pipe material and engineering measures are discussed respectively. It also points out some problems existed and inquires into the water system design for residential houses in the future.     

基于咸水处理和精准灌溉相结合的优势分析

咸水淡化技术是开发利用海洋资源最合理的方式。文章从咸水直接灌溉带来的土壤盐渍化危害入手,概述了咸水处理与精准灌溉的意义,介绍了微咸水淡化流程和精准灌溉流程,提出了微咸水处理及精准灌溉的结合方式,展望了咸水淡化和节水灌溉的发展趋势,并分析了制约咸水淡化技术发展的能源和工艺2个因素。本研究得出,节水灌溉技术未来将集远程灌溉管理和综合调控分析于一体,真正实现智能化灌溉管理。将太阳能技术与纳滤技术相结合会创造广阔的市场前景,纳米颗粒膜和光热转化碳纤维等材料将是海水淡化研究的热点。因此,咸水淡化技术与精准灌溉相结合,其资源利用效率将大幅提高,土壤环境亦会得到极大改善,与未来生态科技的发展趋势将更加契合。     

矿泉水市场的现状及发展动向

中国是世界上天然矿泉水储量最丰富的国家之一。近年来,人们逐渐意识到饮用矿泉水对人体具有保健功能。为了满足不同消费群体的需求,各种新型矿泉水相继问世。在研究国内矿泉水行业发展现状的基础上,结合国内矿泉水产业存在的问题,分析了我国矿泉水市场在产量、品质、种类及企业品牌方面的发展动向。     

Researches on Heat Flow Meter with Own Intellectual Property

In this paper ,the innovational research is based on widely absorbing patents and applied technique at home and abroad and pointing out the disadvantage and ameliorative method of heat/low meter. According to the principle of therrnopile, and the three - dimensional loop wire laying is substituted by new - style plane wire laying. The construction and manufacture of new - style heat flow meter is declared. The new method will facilitate the manufacture and reduce the cost and the high precision feeler is assured by consistent line length, capacitance, resistance and inductance and the cost of determination in present demarcation will be cheaper than traditional feeler of heat flow meter. The high precision energy saving detection instrument is provided for the field of heat energy.     

局部灌水条件下不同根区在作物吸水中的作用

采用分根装置,在均匀灌水、固定部分根区灌水和根系分区交替灌水3种方式下,分期测定玉米的耗水量、两个1/2根区及整个根区的土—根系统水分传导与土壤含水量,研究各个根区在作物水分吸收中的作用。结果表明,3种灌水方式下,玉米耗水量与全部根区和灌水区土-根系统水分传导间均存在密切的正相关关系。均匀灌水条件下,1/2根区水分传导约占全部根区水分传导的一半;固定灌水条件下,灌水区占全部根区水分传导的比例远大于非灌水区,与全部根区接近。交替灌水条件下,两个根区对全部根区水分传导的贡献呈交替变化,其非灌水区占全部根区水分传导的比例较之固定灌水明显增大。全部根区土-根系统水分传导与灌水区土壤含水量明显相关,灌水区土壤含水量决定了整株作物的水分吸收情况。交替灌水的非灌水区从土壤到根系仍有一定的水分传输作用,而固定灌水的非灌水区使全部根区的土—根系统水分传导降低。     

四川丘陵区水资源评价与利用研究

四川丘陵地区水资源供需矛盾十分突出,水资源紧缺已成为该地经济发展的严重制约因素。笔者围绕实现水资源合理开发利用和提高水资源利用效率,从降水量、水资源量和水质3个方面分析论述了四川盆地丘陵区水资源现状,并从水利工程现状、可供水量、水资源供需状况等方面分析了水资源开发利用程度,指出了当前该区水资源开发利用存在的问题,从积极开源、节约用水、水环境保护、加强水资源管理等方面,提出了促进水资源可持续开发利用的对策。     

Experimental analysis on borehole hydraulic lift equipment

Using quartz sands to simulate the work condition, the experiment on the factors of sand lift which influences the lift effect in borehole hydraulic equipment is carried out. The experiment results show that there is an optimum distance between the intake and mineral deposit; under the condition of the same air input capacity; the lifting capacity increases with the submergence proportion; different installation angle of the water nozzle influences the effect of the sand lift; there is an optimally installation angle of 10 degrees between nozzle axial lead and tangential direction of the lift pipe wall; the number of air nozzles affect lifting capacity; the optimally installation nozzles number is 3; and whether fitting stir nozzles or not is the key factor which determines lifting success.     

Research on the Method of Water Pollution Control Planning

The definition, history and development process of water pollution control planning are introduced in this paper. The new methods of water pollution control planning based on GIS and ANN technology are introduced as well. At present, the water resources shortage and water environment pollution have restricted the development of the society and economy, so the improvement of the standard of water pollution control will be benefit for the sustainable utilization of the water resources.     

Discussion on Direction of Circular Flow of Reversed Return Hot Water System

Aiming at the central mechanical circulated hot water supply system recommended by the current code, the criteria of water flow direction in the pipes of transport and distribution is brought forward based on the hydraulic principle, followed by the analysing with charts of flow directions in the reversed return hot water system consisting of two, three and several vertical pipes in the working conditions of simple return and a little water distributing. There are several directions of circular flow, the only working condition of simple return and single water flow direction which applied in current hydraulic calculation of reversed return hot water supply system is incomplete, certain hydraulic precondition is necessary to ensure circular flow flowing in each vertical pipe as the assumed direction in the course of hydraulic calculation.     

Some Issues about the Recycling Liquid Sludge Water from Water Treatment Plant

The liquid sludge water is produced from coagulation/filtration units and filtration operation of water treatment plant. The utilization of liquid sludge water from water treatment plant is an efficient way to save water resource. The potential problems in recycling the liquid sludge water are discussed in this paper from the aspects of its biological, physical and chemical properties. The microbiological safety of filtered water can be improved by recycling the liquid sludge water after coagulation and sedimentation or membrane filtration pretreatment. The status of utilization of the liquid sludge water at home and abroad is presented as well.     

河北省种植业高效用水预测研究

为了缓和河北省地下水超采的严峻形势,通过采用专家访谈法及大数定理法,对河北省2011-2015年、2016-2020年不同生态类型区7种不同作物经济灌溉下的低、中、高三种方案的用水量与节水量进行预测研究。结果表明,2011-2015年低方案的用水量约为129亿m3、节水量约14亿m3,中方案的用水量约为122亿m3、节水量约21亿m3,高方案的用水量约为115亿m3、节水量为28亿m3;2016-2020年低方案的用水量约为123亿m3、节水量约7亿m3,中方案的用水量约为112亿m3、节水量约10亿m3,高方案的用水量约为102亿m3、节水量为12亿m3;每个中方案较为理想,最具有可行性,从而为河北省缓解未来5~10年水资源短缺、超采严峻等问题提供了理论依据。     

叶绿素仪在棉花氮肥推荐中的研究进展

叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)在监测棉花氮素营养水平和及时提供追肥所需的信息方面有快速、简便、无损的特点,但其精度受到各种因素的影响,总结了不同棉花品种上部叶片的叶绿素SPAD值全生育期变化规律以及叶位、样本量、施氮施磷水平等因素对其精度的影响。提出了通过量化SPAD读数与植株氮含量及衰老程度的关系,明确不同生育时期正常营养状态下的SPAD读数临界值,可提高棉花氮素营养诊断精度。最后进一步提出了运用叶绿素仪进行棉花氮素营养诊断尚需解决的几个问题。     

福建沿海丘陵山地果园节水技术的发展现状与展望

简要介绍福建沿海丘陵山地果园节水技术的发展历史,并从渠道防渗、低压管道输水灌溉、喷灌、微灌、渗灌等节水工程技术以及覆盖保墒、选用抗旱品种、化学调控等节水农业技术方面论述福建沿海丘陵山地果园节水技术的现状,指出当前果园节水技术虽然发展较快,但存在着设施不完善、管理水平低、投资水平低等不足,提出水利措施与农艺措施的优化组合,将节水工程技术、节水农业技术因地制宜进行有机结合,加强果树需水规律和灌溉制度的研究,把有限的水量集中用于作物需水关键期,形成高效节水的新型果园综合技术节水技术体系。     

Problems and Countermeasures of Water Supply System in Small Towns

Water supply in small towns is one of the important components of the small towns' economy and society development.Based on the actual condition of water supply system,this paper analyzes the problems existed in water supply system of small towns,such as gradually polluted sources,imperfect water supply facilities,smaller scales,unreasonable quantity and so on.In addition,the corresponding measures are put forward to guarantee water supply system develop speed in small towns.Those countermeasures are launching sources protection work to guarantee the drinking water safety according to the character of the small town,then adopts reasonable water supply style,chooses economy water processing method,optimizes water network system construction;selects reasonable quantity consumption quota,and carries out gradually the regional water supply mode in conditional small towns.     

4个品系橡胶树实生苗叶片及根系对水分胁迫的反应

运用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟水分胁迫的方法,研究了水分胁迫对不同品系橡胶树根系水流导度（Lpr）、根系活力和叶片水分饱和亏缺变化的影响。结果表明：水分胁迫对橡胶树根系水力学导度、根系活力和叶片水分饱和亏缺产生明显影响,随着水分胁迫时间的延长,根系水力学导度逐渐下降,根系活力呈现先增加后下降,叶片水分饱和亏缺逐渐增加的趋势。从橡胶树根系水导与根系活力在水分胁迫下的下降程度和叶片维持水分平衡的能力来看,GT1对水分胁迫的抵御与适应能力相对较强,其次是PR107﹥RRIM600,PB86忍耐水分胁迫最弱。     

Investigate to Water Resource and the Dispatch to Water Capacity in LIJIANG

The tremendous seasonal variation of rainfall and the relative little dispose capacity of sewage are the main reason of the lack of water quantity and the contaminate of water quality in low water season in LIJIANG. Adjusting water quantity is an important measure to resolve the problem. So, the author does an investigation on water resource of LIJIANG, calculates upper-water supply and requires equation. As a result, in the condition of no water adjust, and if in the extraordinary year of the lack of water quantity, the water flow will fade in 2010, and the demand of water quantity of 30 m~3/s in the season of the lack of water will not be satisfied. Based on the actuality of water resource, the thesis introduces the project of mending water reservoir to LIJIANG,analyzes its feasibility in the respect of technique and financial condition,brings forward major problem of the project. The result proves the benefit of the project in the field of environment,economy society is very prominent, and the project is an engineering to realize water resource of LIJIANG reasonable utilize; for the reason to guarantee this project to bring into play its function,it is time to carry out integrate management to water resource and water environment in LIJIANG valley.     

Further Perfection on the Criminal Protection of Water Resource in China

In recent years, more and more people pay attention to the pollution and destruction of water resources. Due to lack of administrative law and civil law, it is necessary for the criminal law to deal with the water problems. In this paper, the necessity and shortage of protection of water resources by the criminal law is discussed. Then, based on the current criminal law, in this paper, some beneficial suggestions with the water liability principle are proposed. The criterion by which to decide whether a person violates the criminal law or not as well as the water criminal object and the water criminal objective conditions are proposed.     

不同玉米品种籽粒脱水速率相关分析及快速测定

为了探究玉米籽粒含水量和脱水速率在各个生长时期变化趋势及其相关性,本研究以‘浚单1538’、‘高玉1668’、‘浚单18’共3个不同玉米单交种为材料,利用相关分析和回归分析模型对主要农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明不同类型品种籽粒含水量和脱水速率差异较明显,变化趋势不尽相同。籽粒含水量、整穗含水量和穗部叶片含水量呈显著正相关,与穗上节和苞叶含水量有较强的正相关,与地上第三节和穗上节穿刺力有较强的负相关性,但均未达到显著水平。籽粒脱水速率与整穗脱水速率呈显著正相关,与地上第三节和穗部叶片脱水速率负相关性较强,但未达到显著水平。利用探针式水分测定仪测量玉米整穗含水量与烘干法水分数据呈显著正相关,建立了计算玉米籽粒真实水分读数的数学模型：y=1.565x-91.455 (R ²=0.63),优化了利用探针式水分测定仪进行籽粒含水量测定的方法,利用籽粒水分校正值分析籽粒脱水速率相关性状与烘干法结果基本一致。利用探针式水分测定仪测定茎秆含水量和叶片含水量与烘干法相关性较小。     

Energy Efficiency of Water Transportation System for Surface Water Source Heat Pump

The forms of water transportation, arrangement and operation of pumps contribute to the water transportation energy consumption, which influences the energy-saving effect of surface water source heat pump. The relation between the pumping height and energy consumption of pumps is found by analyzing the model of pump energy consumption. The concept and calculation of critical pumping height is presented considering the limited rate of system energy efficiency. Based on the principle that the pump power changes with water flow rate, the determination of pumps arrangement of one or two stage pumps is described with a concrete example. The influence of water flow rate on heat pumps and water pumps is analyzed, and the energy efficiency of constant and variable water volume are compared. The operation way of this example is concluded for the optimal system energy efficiency. It is found that there is a critical pumping height for the energy-saving effect of surface water source heat pump compared with the traditional system. Moreover, the operation strategies should be determined by the system optimal model since the energy consumptions proportions of heat pumps and water pumps are variable.     

Experimental Study about Activated Water Produced by the Method of Electro-hydraulic Impulse Improving the Mechanical Performance of Mortar

图１微型库平面示意射阳地区气候湿润、四季多雨，蒜薹味甜微辣、脆嫩、鲜绿、耐贮，主要分布在藕耕、千秋、临海、六垛等地区。种植面积达１．３万ｈｍ２，总贮量达４０００～８０００万ｔ，已成为当地蒜农的经济支柱和政府产业结构调整的重点方向。但蒜薹采收期一般在５月１０日左右，正值高温季节，采收时间仅４～５天，常因销售不及时而造成大量损失。为此蒜农和地方政府极为重视蒜薹采后贮藏保鲜、减损、保值、增值工作。当地政府于２０００～２００１年先后引进３５座微型节能冷库简称微型库，使以前只有依靠国家经费或贷款才能建造的…