Update Planning and Design Concepts of Taiping Old Downtown Areas in Shuangliu

China has witnessed unprecedented rapid and massive urbanization in recent years, and the urbanization has infl uenced almost all corners of the country, which is a natural process and necessary result of the social and economic development. Development and expansion of cities has been the keynote of the contemporary era. Meanwhile, existence and future development of traditional urban areas that have gone through the long-term natural development have been faced with serious crisis. This paper focused on the relative constancy and changeability of major elements in the natural evolution of traditional cities and towns, so as to explore an organic development mechanism, and make a daring attempt in update planning of old downtown areas of Taiping Town in Shuangliu County. On this basis, the paper aims at exploring a new development concept for common cities and towns that balances inheritance and innovation.     

Study on Pattern of Urbanization Development in Chongqing

As a municipality directly under central government, Chongqing has a dual economic structure. We can't break away from its history and realistic condition while studying its urbanization development model. In this paper, taking the theory of urbanization development as the foundation, fully using the experience in urbanization of developed area for reference in combination with the reality in Chongqing, the urbanization development model for Chongqing is put forward as "metropolitan area + dot-axle type town strap", that is, taking metropolis area as the center and Yangtze river and Line 319 (Yuhai Railway) as the development axle and the towns along the axle as the node, the development is carried out like a string of beads to form a network type urban system with metropolitan area as center and cities such as Wanzhou, Fuling and Qianjiang etc along Yangtze River as the regional center.     

Urbanization Response Macro-analysis of Underdeveloped Hilly Areas in Central China

By investigating urbanization process of a typical village in Xinyang City, Henan Province, urbanization response characteristics and driving mechanism of underdeveloped hilly area were explored from the perspectives of population, economy, landscape and society. The results showed that reform of government macro-policy is a fundamental driving force for the urbanization of underdeveloped hilly area in central China which then is co-promoted by economic development and social needs. During the urbanization, rural population is transferred locally or to the neighboring areas, traditional agriculture is gradually transferred to professional and characteristic agriculture. Non-agricultural economy has become a major income source of the locals, and also a major force for shaping rural economic spaces and natural landscapes, leading to the binary landscape layout of village. Weights of environment and traffic are improved in selecting relocation site for rural households, traditional affinity and neighborhood relationship is weakened, spatial differentiation of social and economic structures in the village is enhanced, which are all new tokens of the villagers' values and life concepts, and will lead to the further urbanization.     

Analysis on Economic Cost for Urban Development--A Case Study on Chongqing Municipality

Economic argumentation for urban development should be the foundation of urban planning,because the economic development is the basis of urban development.In this paper,the connotation,types and composition of the economic costs of urbanization are discussed and the economic costs of urbanization in Chongqing municipality are calculated according to its economic and social development.On this basis,the future level of urbanization is calculated in the light of the economic capabilities to bring along development of urbanization in Chongqing municipality and the demand of funds for urban development in the future is calculated according to the economic costs of urbanization in Chongqing municipality.     

关于加快城乡融合发展推动乡村建设的思考

现阶段中国总体处于城镇化快速发展阶段,工农互促,城乡互补。但城乡收入和消费差距仍然较为悬殊,全员劳动生产率差距很大,农村基础设施依然薄弱,农村社会保障水平偏低。随着城镇化发展,一些村庄融入城镇,劳动力大量外出,一些村庄出现了空心化、老龄化问题,同时,随着重大工程实施等,一些村庄也出现了搬迁撤并等新的情况与问题。在乡村振兴的背景下,本研究结合欧洲乡村建设发展的情况和特点,针对国内乡村建设存在的问题,提出了统筹城乡发展空间,做有特色的乡村建设规划,培育新型农业经营主体,融合发展保持乡村活力等一些新的思考与建议。     

中国教育的城乡不平衡发展探究

随着中国市场经济的不断发展和城市化进程的逐步推进,社会与经济发展中也出现了很多新的问题。其中,城乡经济与社会发展不协调造成的城乡教育不平衡发展成为影响社会发展和经济增长的主要因素。中国城乡教育失衡由城乡教育资金投入差距、城乡师资力量差距和城乡教育机会差距这3方面原因造成。教育的城乡差距反过来又在经济方面造成农村经济发展滞后,形成了“经济滞后——教育落后——经济滞后”的恶性循环。在就业方面,造成农村人才不足的同时城市就业压力过大。在社会发展方面,造成农村的人口、法制、文化等方面落后于城镇的水平。最后提出加大对农村教育的扶持力度,从教育机会分配的优惠政策、提高教育资金投入和加强师资力量建设这3个方面入手,推动农村教育发展,缩小城乡教育差距。     

乡村振兴背景下新疆城乡融合发展水平研究——人口-产业-公共服务的综合评价

推进城乡在经济、社会、生态等方面融合性、协调性、关联性发展,是实现乡村振兴的重要路径。通过构建新疆城乡融合发展综合评价体系,测算研究区2014—2019年城乡融合发展指数,分析探讨影响因素,揭示城乡融合发展的趋势特征与地区差异。结果表明：研究期内（1）新疆城乡融合发展水平总体呈增强态势,城乡融合发展不断加强。城乡公共服务、城乡产业经济是新疆城乡融合发展的主要动力;城乡人口要素和城乡生活质量成为制约城乡融合发展综合水平提升的关键因素。（2）新疆各地州市城乡融合发展水平差距逐渐缩小,城乡融合发展水平整体呈现稳定增长态势;人口要素融合增长较快,公共服务融合增长较慢。据此,研究建议构建大、中、小多层次城镇空间格局,强化中心城市主体功能区建设,推进一、二、三产业融合,加快构建城乡均等化公共服务体系等对策建议,有助于正确把握和评价新疆各地州城乡融合发展实践,推动新型城镇化与乡村振兴战略协调发展。     

Spatial Structure Adjustment Strategies of the Coal Resource-Based Cities during the Mature Period: A Case Study of Pingdingshan

Coal cities are the main part of the resource-based cities in China, and the benign development of coal cities' spatial structure has a direct impact on these cities' future economic and social development, as well as the urban residents' welfare. Land use fragmentation is the most typical morphological characteristic of the coal city's spatial structure development. In this paper, Pingdingshan City of Henan Province in China is taken as an example. Through empirical analysis, the urban spatial structure development processes of a typical coal resource-based city in its mature period are illustrated, and the formation reasons and potential mechanism behind coal city land use fragmentation are explored, and the measurement method of land use fragmentation degree of the coal city is put forward. On the above basis, the appropriate adjustment strategies and methods aimed at the coal city spatial structure are found out and given. This study is a good guideline and reference for the spatial structure planning and land use planning of the coal city during the mature and declining period, which is of great help to the sustainable development and industrial structure transformation of the coal city. It also has certain reference significance for the coal city in the growth period.     

农村社区科普运行机制研究

随着城市化、城镇化和新农村建设的推进,大量农村人口由乡村转移到城镇,农村也由村落向社区发展。农村社区作为农村居民以农业生产方式为基础所组成的社会生活共同体,能够反映农村社会生活中的各种现象,并具经济、政治、文化和社会建设的多功能性。笔者在分析对比农村科普、现代科普、城市科普特点的基础上,简述了农村社区科普的内涵,回顾了中国农村社区科普实践。在总结农村社区科普工作经验的基础上,构建了农村社区科普工作运行机制框架,提出了开展农村社区科普应注意的几个问题,以期为农村社区科普工作开展和农民素质提高发挥积极作用。     

湖北汉江生态经济带土地利用与覆盖变化研究

中国区域经济带的空间演变与经济社会的可持续发展具有密切的相关性,探索土地利用与覆盖变化对于未来发展具有重要意义。以中国中部地区产业发展与生态保护典型区域湖北汉江生态经济带为例,基于RS技术,在对湖北汉江生态经济带2000年、2007年、2013年3期遥感影像监督分类的基础上,运用土地利用动态度指数、土地利用综合程度指数、单一土地利用相对变化率等数学模型,定量分析了湖北汉江生态经济带13年间土地利用的时空格局及演变特点。研究表明：2000—2013年湖北汉江生态经济带土地利用结构稳定性较差;13年来,湖北汉江生态经济带耕地减少了10256.4756 km²,从土地利用转移矩阵分析,耕地主要是转向了林地,从遥感影像对比发现,城市周围的耕地被建设用地侵蚀,水域的变化幅度最小;从单一土地利用动态度分析,建设用地在2007—2013年变化最为剧烈,其动态度是4.826%;区域变化方面,各地级市（省辖市）土地利用变化显著,汉阳与潜江的水域变化率较大,从总体而言,神农架林区各类土地利用类型变率均较低。     

生态环境与西部城市竞争力研究

西部城市生态环境的好坏直接关系到西部城市竞争力的培育和提高,而强有力的城市竞争力对加速西部地区城市化进程,促进全国经济均衡持续发展具有重要的战略意义。加强西部城市生态环境建设要注意：坚持可持续发展理念,避免“唯经济发展”观念;加快农村城市化步伐,减轻人口对城市区域环境的压力;大力培育发展环境产业,走生态建市的道路;推行投资项目评估制度,确保西部城市投资项目取得经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的统一;加强生态环境监察执法力度,根除环境污染源。     

New Urbanization Evolution System and Practices in Press Reports

China has witnessed decades of urbanization, its value, and the plight it is faced with, and development tendency have related and infl uenced social mechanism and system of China. Through adopting media analysis, this paper analyzed reports on "new urbanization" in quality newspapers, so as to provide references for introducing the role of "new urbanization" in the current social transformation, the game-playing relationship and interaction of different social power relation in discourse fi eld, role of social classes in "new urbanization", and their infl uence on the construction and development tendency.     

中国西部地区县域城乡统筹发展模式探讨

县域城乡统筹发展是西部地区经济社会发展的必由之路。现阶段,受资源禀赋、人力资源、产业发展、制度环境等要素条件影响,中国东、中、西部县域城乡统筹发展水平有明显差异。自2001年国家实施西部大开发战略以来,特别是“十一五”时期,西部地区县域经济城乡统筹发展已经取得积极成效。西部不少市县在立足当地实际、因地制宜地加快县域城乡统筹发展的过程中,逐步形成各具特色的县域城乡统筹发展模式。对于西部地区县域城乡统筹发展模式的研究,也就在于总结、梳理西部各省县域城乡统筹发展成就、经验和做法,比较不同区域、不同县区县域城乡统筹发展路子或模式,探讨西部地区统筹城乡发展、转变经济发展方式思路和对策。     

An infatuation with building things: Business strategies,linkages, and small city economic development in Manitoba

The establishment of a solid understanding of regional economic development has proved to be highly elusive. Research efforts within this area have focused largely on major urban areas, yet this somewhat narrow focus means that economic development activities in smaller urban centers have not received the attention that they deserve. This article investigates regional economic development within a small city context through a survey-based study of the entrepreneurial ecosystems operating in two small cities in the province of Manitoba. The results indicate that many currently accepted bases of regional business community expansion, such as government support and development of local suppliers, have limited utility within these cities. Concurrently, business leader survey responses from the two cities reveal a unique set of factors that drive economic development success in this nonmetropolitan case study, keyed by the pivotal role of a unique mix of nonlocal linkages, local cultural resources, and social connections in catalyzing local business expansion. These findings indicate that business community growth in the study cities proceeds from a distinctive template relative to larger centers, and suggest that increased research attention is necessary to elucidate the bases of business success in a more diverse selection of successful small cities.     

我国35个大中城市建设用地结构与空气质量的典型相关分析

[目的]研究选取中国35个大中城市作为样本城市，评价了样本城市2016年空气质量和城市建设用地结构特征，[方法]利用典型相关分析方法分析城市建设用地结构与空气质量之间的关系，为合理安排城市用地结构、改善空气质量、提高城市人居环境质量提供科学依据。[结果](1)研究期间样本城市空气质量地域差异明显，空气污染较重的城市主要集中在华北地区、西北地区，东南沿海城市空气质量较好，京津冀地区空气污染问题较为严重，空气质量指数（AQI）、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度呈现出：北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市。(2)研究期间样本城市建设用地结构存在一定差异，居住用地和工矿仓储用地占城市建设用地总面积的比例在49%~58%之间。北方、南方城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在绿地与广场用地比例，沿海、内陆城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在公共管理与公共服务用地、工矿仓储用地和绿地与广场用地的比例。城市建设用地结构信息熵平均值呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市的特征。(3)典型相关分析结果表明，样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。不同的区域空气污染物不同，影响空气污染物浓度的建设用地结构因子也不同。从整体上，居住用地与商业服务业设施用地与SO2呈负相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关；从区域上，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与PM2.5呈正相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与SO2呈负相关。[结论]样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。     

The State and Optimization Countermeasures of Urban Land -use in China

Urban land -use is closely related to urban development. A new trend and some problems in urban land- use appeared along with accelerated urbanization in China. The trend characterized with a large in- crease in the amount of urban land demand, the rise of the ratio of urban common land to total urban area and the elevation of urban land income. The problems mostly included a severe conflict between supply and demand of urban land, extensive land - use, a weak market - force in urban land resources allocation. Based on above analysis, the optimization countermeasures, which included intensive land - use, land - use structure optimization, exploitation of leave unused land in cities, and land - market construction, were put forward for promoting rational utilization of urban land and sustainable development of urban economy.     

基于适度人口容量的新型城镇化发展分析——以宁夏5个地级市为例

通过构建经济承载力、土地承载力、可供水资源承载力、建设用地承载力与生态环境承载力人口容量模型综合测度研究区5市理论城镇化发展水平,从而与实际城镇化发展水平进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）银川市与石嘴山市实际城镇化发展水平高于理论城镇化发展水平,且城市人口潜力指数大,具有吸纳外来人口的能力;（2）吴忠市、中卫市和固原市实际城镇化水平低于理论城镇化水平,城镇化发展水平偏低,且人口潜力指数较小,不具备吸纳外来人口的能力。以此为依据,为不同人口密度等级区新型城镇化发展提出相应的对策与建议：（1）对于人口极密集区与密集区,一方面应加强中心城市的辐射带动能力,另一方面加强政府引导作用,推动人口市民化进程与城市空间协调发展;（2）对于人口中等区,一方面,加强中心城市的拉力作用,另一方面,创造农村推力作用,着力解决城镇化过程中流动人口的“后顾之忧”;（3）对于人口稀少与极稀区,一方面应鼓励就地城镇化,另一方面要打破城乡二元结构,促进本区域城镇化发展水平。     

On Development of Small Towns and Estimate of Urban Land - use - A Case Study in Dazu County, Chongqing

The urbanization level and demand of urban land-use in future are forecast on the basis of natural condition, social and economic environment and the present condition of development in Dazu County. In the future, the supply-demand contradiction in urban land will be more intensive with acceleration of urbanization. Therefore, on one hand, urban land in major towns should be increased properly with centralization and land rearrangement of rural settlements;on the other hand, utilization ratio of land should be improved with enhancement of intensive use of urban land. In Dazu County, the demand of urban land should be satisfied primarily in towns with strong economy and urban land use should be increased properly in towns with general economic level but with potential economic development in the future. As for other towns, the urban land-use increase should be controlled.     

成德眉资农业农村同城化发展路径探讨

为测评成德眉资农业农村现代化发展现状,探索同城化协同发展路径,提升区域农业农村协同、错位、集群发展水平,选取农业生产要素投入水平、农业产出水平、农村经济发展水平、农村资源环境承载水平4个维度14项指标,构建区域农业农村发展水平评价模型,基于统计年鉴数据,剖析成德眉资农业农村发展现状和优势。研究发现,2018年成德眉资农业农村发展水平水平差异比较明显,发展不均衡,地理空间上呈“草帽型”分布,成都和德阳的农业农村现代化发展水平较高,资阳发展水平相对较低。四市农村农业发展急需抓住成德眉资同城化战略的重要契机,发挥成都的市场优势、资阳的发展潜力,推动成德眉资一体化农业农村提档升级,实现同城化高质量发展。     

Regional Social Inequalities and Social Deprivation in Guangdong Province,China

This article examines social deprivation at a regional scale using the case of Guangdong province, China. Counties, county‐level cities, and districts of prefecture cities are selected as the units of analysis. At the provincial level, a significant variation is found in terms of the social deprivation index, showing a pattern of increasing deprivation from the core of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to the peripheral areas of Guangdong province. In the PRD, social development conditions are significantly different among these units, whereas the level of economic development is less differentiated. Social deprivation in urban areas is considerably lower than in rural areas. The differences between cities are significant, showing a bifurcation trend, whereas rural areas seem to be similar. Social disparities in Guangdong province are derived from unequal economic growth as well as social and regional policies.