13/17罗伯逊易位猪POU1F1基因多态性与经济性状的相关分析

利用外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体标本,对13/17罗伯逊易位猪的3种杂交组合的394头后代猪进行分群;应用PCR-RFLP技术在POU1 F1基因的扩增片段(1746 bp)中检测到1个RsaⅠ限制性内切酶的多态酶切位点A(3种基因型);应用PCR-SSCP技术检测1个POU1 F1基因第5内含子上的突变E(2种基因型),同时结合生长和胴体品质测定记录研究基因型对生产性状的遗传效应。结果表明,位点A的基因型对生长有显著影响(P<0.05),位点E基因型对生长和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究结果初步揭示POU1 F1多态性与生长、眼肌面积等存在相关,推测POU1 F1多态性可作为罗伯逊易位杂合优势遗传机制的一种分子水平上的解释。     

杂种奶牛POU1Fl、GHR、GHRH-R和CSN1S2基因部分序列PCR-SSCP多态性分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对荷斯坦公牛冻精改良的93头杂种奶牛的脑垂体转录因子-1（POU1Fl）基因第6外显子、生长激素受体（GHR）基因第10外显子、生长激素释放激素受体（GHRH-R）基因第2外显子和酪蛋白(CSN1S2) 基因第18外显子进行了多态性研究。结果表明,在检测的4个基因位点中,只有POU1Fl基因第6外显子存在2种基因型,AB、BB基因型频率及A、B基因频率分别为0.0323、0.9677和0.0162、0.9838,未发现AA型个体。该群体在此位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,基因杂合度和多态信息含量分别为0.0318和0.0313。测序显示,与普通黄牛POU1Fl基因序列Y15995相比,A等位基因在POU1F1基因第6外显子的第209个碱基处发生了G→C的碱基颠换,导致Thr/Arg替代,其多态的成因及效应需进一步研究。     

13/17罗伯逊易位猪生长抑素基因的多态性研究

采用微量全血培养法制备染色体标本,对13/17罗伯逊易位猪的3种杂交组合的309头后代进行核型鉴定,结果样本中存在3种核型的猪：正常核型猪（2n=38）、易位杂合子猪（2n=37）和易位纯合子猪（2n=36）;利用PCR SSCP技术检测发现生长抑素基因外显子1不存在多态性;其内含子的266～602 bp片段存在2个突变位点(T520C,G521T),但仅检测到2种基因型：AA和AB。遗传多态性分析结果表明,不同杂交组合后代及不同核型的猪群中AA基因型频率（频率范围为0.58～0.77）和A等位基因频率（频率范围为0.79～0.90）均显著高于其AB基因型频率（0.23～0.42）和B等位基因频率（0.10～0.21）;易位杂合子猪的AB基因型频率（0.42）均高于正常猪（0.25）及易位纯合子猪（0.40）。经卡方检验,差异不显著（P>0.05）,群体的基因型频率处于哈代－温伯格平衡状态。     

山羊垂体转录因子POU1F1基因多态性及其与屠宰性状相关性研究

研究采用PCR测序技术对黔东南小香羊和贵州黑山羊的POU1F1基因外显子6进行SNP筛查,并分析其与屠宰性状的关联性。结果表明:在2个山羊群体POU1F1基因外显子6均检测到2个SNPs(T58G和T172C);在黔东南小香羊群体中,POU1F1基因外显子6的T58G位点AA和aa型个体的屠宰率显著高于Aa型(P<0.05),T172C位点Bb型个体的屠宰率显著高于BB和bb型(P<0.05);贵州黑山羊群体中,T58G位点Aa型个体的胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积厚和腰部肌肉厚显著低于AA和aa型(P<0.05),瘦肉率显著低于AA型(P<0.05),T172C位点BB型个体的胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、腰部肌肉厚、净肉重、瘦肉率和骨重显著低于Bb和bb型(P<0.05);其他各性状在各位点各基因型之间差异未达到显著性差异(P>0.05),由此推测POU1F1基因外显子6的多态可能对山羊的屠宰性状有显著的遗传效应。     

京海黄鸡POU1F1基因多态性及其与生长性能的遗传效应分析

采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测POU1F1基因在京海黄鸡中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),并对不同基因型与京海黄鸡生长性能的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:在POU1F1基因第三外显子第5 231 bp位置有A→T碱基的点突变,在京海黄鸡群体中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,A等位基因的频率为0.500,B等位基因的频率为0.500.基因型与生长性能的关联分析得知:POU1F1基因不同基因型显著影响京海黄鸡各周龄体重,AB型显著高于从型和BB型(P<0.01).因此,推测POU1F1基因可能是影响鸡生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因,并且能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对鸡生长性状的遗传改良和固定.     

山西白猪DECR1基因多态性与生长性状的关联分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了192头山西白猪DECR1基因第5外显子位点的多态性,并采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型（GLM）对该位点多态性与山西白猪生长性状的关联性进行了分析。结果表明,DECR1基因第5外显子位点存在多态性,表现出CC、CD、DD 3种不同基因型。DECR1基因不同基因型对山西白猪6月龄体重、体高和胸围均有显著影响。CD基因型个体6月龄体重、体高、胸围都显著高于DD型个体（P＜0.05）;3种基因型对体长的影响均未达到显著水平（P＞0.05）,但呈现出CD＞CC＞DD的趋势;3种基因型对背膘厚的影响差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但呈现出CC＜CD＜DD的趋势。因此,初步推定CD基因型对选择有正向遗传效应。     

牛POU1F1-exon6多态性与生长性状的相关性研究

为了研究弗莱维赫牛和蒙贝利亚牛POU1F1-exon6多态性与体重、体尺等生长性状指标的相关性,试验采用PCR-RFLP技术分析其多态性,并采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,对各标记基因型与部分生长性状指标差异显著性进行检验。结果表明:2个群体POU1F1-exon6基因存在2个等位基因A/G,基因频率分别为0.175 9/0.824 1,0.096 8/0.903 2;在该位点上,弗莱维赫牛处于Hardy-weinberg平衡状态(P0.05),而蒙贝利亚牛处于不平衡状态(P0.05);2个群体中AA基因型体重均值高于AG、GG基因型均值(P0.05),GG和AG基因型个体腹围均值高于AA基因型个体均值(P0.05),但在体高、体长、胸围和管围4个性状上无显著性差异(P0.05)。说明POU1F1基因的A15636G位点可以作为牛的体重和腹围指标的候选遗传标记之一。     

猪垂体特异性转录因子1基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

本试验根据公开发表的猪POU1F1基因序列设计1对引物,提取猪垂体总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增出POU1F1基因cDNA全序列,扩增产物用琼脂糖凝胶检测为预期的876 bp特异性条带。将扩增产物克隆入PTZ57R/T载体进行序列测定。经DNAStar软件分析序列与已发表序列同源性为99.7%,克隆获得的序列为进一步对猪POU1F1基因不同拼接形式功能性研究奠定了基础。     

猪催乳素受体基因第8内含子多态性检测及效应分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、马身猪、山西瘦肉型猪SD-〖KG-*4〗Ⅰ系、SD-〖KG-*4〗Ⅱ系、SD-〖KG-*4〗Ⅲ系和山西白猪等8个猪种372头个体催乳素受体基因（PRLR）第8内含子多态性,检测到A、B、C 3个等位基因和AA、AB、AC和CC 4种基因型。等位基因A在所有品种中频率都较高（0.50~0.62）,等位基因B在杜洛克猪中频率较低（0.12）,在其它品种中频率为中等（0.24~0.44）,等位基因C在杜洛克猪和SD-Ⅲ系中频率较高（0.26）,在其他品种中频率很低（0~0.04）。对AA和CC 2种纯合子进行克隆测序和同源序列比较,发现在扩增片段内有4处突变,即G→A、T→C、A→G的转换突变和TTT插入突变,都发生在PRLR基因的第8内含子。利用140头母猪头胎产仔记录和118头山西白猪后备猪生长发育记录,采用最小二乘分析方法研究了PRLR基因型对猪繁殖性状和生长发育性状的影响,结果表明不同基因型母猪的头胎总产仔数和产活仔数差异不显著。但PRLR基因型对后备猪乳头数、6月龄体重和背膘厚等性状有显著影响,AA型个体的乳头数显著高于AC型（P<0.05）;AC型个体的6月龄体重和背膘厚显著高于AB型（P<0.05）。     

猪CACNA1S基因的多态性与胴体及肉质性状的相关分析

以金华猪（40头）、皮特兰猪（30头）及其杂交产生的金皮F2代资源猪群（126头）为材料,对钙离子通道主亚基α1的编码基因（CACNA1S）第44外显子A187G突变、第37内含子A37G突变、T179C突变作PCR—RFLP检测（内切酶依次为Cfr42Ⅰ、XbaⅠ、Eco72Ⅰ）,分析其对胴体及肉质性状的遗传效应。结果表明：酶切位点Eeo72J的AA基因型对眼肌面积和肉色（L）存在极显著影响（P〈0．01）,BB基因型对后腿肌肉重存在极显著影响（P〈0．01）和大腿pH存在显著影响（0．01〈P〈0．05）;位点Xba Ⅰ对背膘厚（中）存在显著影响（0．01〈P〈0．05）,但AA、AB、BB基因型间效应差异不显著（P〉0．05）;位点Cfr 42Ⅰ仅在金华、皮特兰纯种猪群中存在多态性,而在屠宰猪群金皮F2代则表现为BB单态型。     

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in myogenin and myf3 genes and their influence on lean meat content in pigs

A total of 120 pigs from farm I and 109 from farm II were examined for Dde I polymorphism in myf3 and for Msp I polymorphism in myogenin genes. Meatness, weight and ratio of ham and loin meat, and loin eye area of animals with different genotypes for myf3 and for myogenin were compared. In myf3 polymorphism pigs A/A from farm I displayed significantly lower values for these characteristics. In farm II there was a reverse tendency. Present results indicate that the Dde I polymorphic region in porcine myf3 gene does not influence functionality of this gene but it may point at another polymorphism located nearby and being of functional importance. Two regions of the porcine myogenin gene were analysed for Msp I polymorphism. The region encompassing coding sequences ( MYOG1 ) was polymorphic only in three Pietrain pigs (out of 150 individuals tested) making it useless for assessment of meat productivity in pigs. The 3' untranslated region was polymorphic and the frequency of 4.2 and 4.9 alleles varied among breeds. The 4.2 variant was predominant in Pietrain pigs. Statistical analysis indicated that meat, ham and loin meat percentages as well as loin eye area were significantly higher in 4.2/4.2 homozygotes. Further study will be undertaken to explain the relations between meat productivity and myf3 and MYOG2 alleles within breed.     

北京黑猪FUBP3和USP43基因多态性与眼肌面积性状的关联分析

旨在研究上游远端元件结合蛋白3(far upstream element binding protein 3，FUBP3)及泛素特异性蛋白酶43(ubiquitin specific protease 43，USP43)基因多态性与北京黑猪眼肌面积性状的关系，从而在分子水平指导北京黑猪的育种工作。本研究选取408头北京黑猪收集眼肌面积性状数据并采集肉样提取DNA，根据FUBP3和USP43基因序列设计43对引物进行PCR扩增及测序，运用DNAstar软件分析测序结果，对FUBP3和USP43基因不同基因型与北京黑猪眼肌面积性状进行关联分析并运用荧光定量PCR对两基因进行基因表达差异分析。在FUBP3基因启动子区共有8个突变，其中rs701769847G>A与5~6肋眼肌面积和最后肋眼肌面积均关联显著(P<0.05)，rs332131528C>G仅与5~6肋眼肌面积关联显著(P<0.05)，rs325550799T>C、rs339464012T>C和rs326069041T>C只与最后肋眼肌面积关联显著(P<0.05);基因表达差异分析表明，rs701769847G>A位点GG型个体的FUBP3基因mRNA水平显著低于AA型个体(P<0.05)。USP43基因启动子区的rs335310752C>T和剪切区的rs323463345G>A均只与最后肋眼肌面积关联显著(P<0.05)。基因表达差异分析表明，rs323463345G>A中GG型个体和AA型个体的USP43基因mRNA水平差异不显著。上述两基因中共有两个位点与5~6肋眼肌面积性状关联显著(P<0.05)，6个位点与最后肋眼肌面积性状关联显著(P<0.05),可以作为北京黑猪眼肌面积性状变异的候选基因功能位点，也可以作为潜在的眼肌面积性状分子标记。     

Genome-wide mapping and identification of new quantitative trait loci affecting meat production, meat quality, and carcass traits within a Duroc purebred population

Most QTL detection studies in pigs have been carried out in experimental F(2) populations. However, segregation of a QTL must be confirmed within a purebred population for successful implementation of marker-assisted selection. Previously, QTL for meat quality and carcass traits were detected on SSC 7 in a Duroc purebred population. The objectives of the present study were to carry out a whole-genome QTL analysis (except for SSC 7) for meat production, meat quality, and carcass traits and to confirm the presence of segregating QTL in a Duroc purebred population. One thousand and four Duroc pigs were studied from base to seventh generation; the pigs comprised 1 closed population of a complex multigenerational pedigree such that all individuals were related. The pigs were evaluated for 6 growth traits, 7 body size traits, 8 carcass traits, 2 physiological traits, and 11 meat quality traits, and the number of pigs with phenotypes ranged from 421 to 953. A total of 119 markers were genotyped and then used for QTL analysis. We utilized a pedigree-based, multipoint variance components approach to test for linkage between QTL and the phenotypic values using a maximum likelihood method; the logarithm of odds score and QTL genotypic heritability were estimated. A total of 42 QTL with suggestive linkages and 3 QTL with significant linkages for 26 traits were detected. These included selection traits such as daily BW gain, backfat thickness, loin eye muscle area, and intramuscular fat content as well as correlated traits such as body size and meat quality traits. The present study disclosed QTL affecting growth, body size, and carcass, physiological, and meat quality traits in a Duroc purebred population.     

猪肌肉糖原磷酸化酶基因的多态性及其与胴体和肉质性状的相关分析

试验旨在寻找不同品种猪的差异表达基因,并对其遗传效应进行初步分析。应用抑制消减杂交技术获得了在梅山猪、长白猪和大白猪中差异表达的肌肉糖原磷酸化酶(glycogen phosphorylase,muscle form,PYGM)基因及其全长cDNA序列,序列分析结果表明,猪PYGM基因编码842个氨基酸,与人、牛、狗、小鼠、大鼠和羊的氨基酸序列具有96%、97%、96%、96%、96%和97%的相似性,而且该基因在各组织中表达量均很高。通过序列比对发现,在3′非翻译区(3′UTR)125 bp处存在1个突变。利用PCR-RFLP方法,在大白猪、梅山猪、长白纯种猪和170头大白×梅山F2代资源家系中检测了该突变位点的多态性并进行性状关联分析,结果表明,该位点的多态性与瘦肉率、骨率、肥肉率、平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、胴体长显著相关,尤其是活体瘦肉率AA基因型(大白猪、长白猪优势基因)比BB基因型(梅山猪优势基因)高3%,肥肉率低5%,与外来猪种瘦肉率显著高于本地猪的性状表现是一致的。因此,猪PYGM基因125 bp位点可能是一个潜在的分子标记辅助常规育种位点。     

猪IGFBP2基因多态性及其与胴体、肉质性状的关联分析

本研究旨在调查猪胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2基因(IGFBP2)潜在的变异与胴体性状和肉质性状之间的关系。IGFBP2是IGFBPs家族的一员,定位在猪15号染色体上。本研究利用PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP方法对该基因第二内含子g.171CT(Gen Bank Accession No.BV727778)进行了单核苷酸多态性(SNP)检测,在382头大白×梅山猪F2代猪群体中关联分析。结果发现该位点与背膘厚、眼肌高、眼肌宽、骨率等性状呈极显著相关(P0.01),与眼肌面积、肥肉率、瘦肥比、花油、色值(LD)和色值(BF)等性状呈显著相关(P0.05)。结果表明IGFBP2基因型与胴体和肉质性能存在一定程度的显著关联,是潜在的影响猪胴体和肉质性状的候选基因。     

牛、羊POU1F1基因的研究进展

POU1F1基因是 POU 基因家族的重要成员.POU1F1蛋白在哺乳动物胚胎分化和生长发育过程中起着关键作用.本文综述POU1F1基因的结构特征与功能,POU1F1蛋白的结构特征与作用方式,POU1F1蛋白的调控机制以及近年来对牛、羊POUlFl基因遗传变异及其与经济性状关系研究的最新进展.     

陕北白绒山羊H-FABP基因SNPs及其与生长、胴体性状的相关研究

利用PCR-SSCP技术分析了262头周岁陕北白绒山羊H-FABP基因外显子2的多态性及其与生长和胴体性状的关系,结果表明该座位存在1个突变位点(G→C),且该群体处于Hardy-Weinberg非平衡状态;H-FABP基因的AB与AA和BB基因型个体背膘厚差异显著,AA和BB型个体间的差异极显著;AB和BB型个体的胸围和管围差异显著(P＜0.05),AA和BB型个体的眼肌面积具有显著差异(P＜0.05),其他性状在不同基因型间均无显著差异;此外,在初生重、眼肌面积、背膘厚等6项指标上,均表现为AA＞AB＞BB,而在体高、胸围、管围3项指标上,均表现为AB＞AA＞BB.可以推断H-FABP基因可作为陕北白绒山羊生长及胴体性状的候选基因和绒山羊肉用性能的分子标记.     

A new HpaII PCR-RFLP within the porcine prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene and study of its effect on litter size and number of teats

DNA polymorphism of the porcine prolactin receptor gene ( PRLR ) was investigated and used to study its effect on litter size and number of teats in pigs. By means of PRLR gene sequence homology in pig, human and other species, primers were designed for PCR amplification within 5' unknown (to date) part of the prolactin receptor gene in pigs. In this part of the gene, a new polymorphism with Hpa II restriction endonuclease was detected. Alu I polymorphism described before and our new Hpa II polymorphism were used to study the associations with reproduction traits. The PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to genotype Alu I and Hpa II loci of the PRLR gene in line A with 83 sows of Landrace breed and in two lines (B and C) with 75 and 86 Large White sows, respectively. Statistical analysis of 1020 litters showed that Alu I locus was associated with litter size mainly in Landrace and affected the first parities, while Hpa II locus of the gene was associated with the same traits in Landrace and Large White pigs and mainly affected numbers of weaned of pigs. The magnitude of the effect varied by population with the effects exceeding two pigs per litter in Landrace line and 1 pig per litter in Large White populations.