The effect of corticosteroids on the cysticerci of Taenia ovis in sheep.

The effect of two synthetic corticosteroids on the cysticerci of Taenia ovis in sheep has been investigated. Dexamethasone given from four days before infection had no effect on the number of cysticerci recovered but did enhance their survival. When betamethasone was used there was an increase in the number of cysts compared with controls. Corticosteroids given for 12 days after infection did not increase the number of viable cysticerci recovered at autopsy three months later but when treatment was continued until the time of autopsy, a very high proportion of cysticerci were viable.     

哺乳期母羊补饲捆裹青贮燕麦草对羔羊断奶重的影响

用捆裹青贮燕麦草给哺乳期母羊补饲,前40d母羊0．6kg／d只,后50dlkg／d只。90d断奶时,试验组比对照组羔羊多增重0．73kg(P＞0．05),比率为10．22％;试验组母羊断奶体重比对照组少减重1．33kg(P＞0．05),比率为23．84％。     

Duration of immunity, efficacy and safety in sheep of a recombinant Taenia ovis vaccine formulated with saponin or selected adjuvants.

The efficacy and safety of a recombinant Taenia ovis protein was tested in sheep using 13 different adjuvant formulations, including oil adjuvants, aluminium salts, saponin, Iscoms and DEAE-dextran. The oil adjuvants, saponin and DEAE-dextran gave the highest antibody responses and greatest degree of protection against challenge infection with T. ovis eggs. Duration of immunity studies with a saponin based vaccine showed that highly significant protection (>90% reduction of cyst numbers) was achieved when sheep were challenge infected one month after immunisation. Significant protection (79%) was still present when sheep were challenged 6 months after immunisation. The optimum dose for this batch of saponin was 10 mg, which stimulated a peak antibody titre of 38,400, 4 weeks after immunisation and did not cause injection site reactions. Dialysed saponin was shown to retain its adjuvant properties and allowed an increase in dose to 30 mg without site reaction, resulting in a peak antibody titre of 51,200.     

多产疫苗对母羊产羔性能的影响及应用的研究

采用十一酸睾丸素制成多产疫苗主动免疫绵羊以获得母羊多产。 1999年的研究结果表明 ,对 1～ 4岁母羊免疫后 ,产双羔率分别达到 2 5 % ,4 0 % ,6 0 %和 6 5 % ;2 0 0 0年研究则进一步证实 ,主动免疫后 ,母羊的产双羔率可分别达到30 % ,5 0 % ,70 %和 70 % ,显著高于同类产品 (P <0 .0 1)。经过连续 2次免疫后 ,母羊的免疫记忆增强 ,产双羔性能持续表现 ,不同年龄的母羊分别达到 86 %～ 10 0 % (P <0 .0 1)。绵羊双羔技术的研究一直是国内外学者关注的热点 ,曾尝试过多种方法试图将母羊的双羔率提高到 30 %以上。随着工厂化高效养羊的兴起 ,人们对大幅度提高母系列率的要求不断高涨 ,如何顺应这一潮流和需求 ?在实施“规模化高效养羊综合配套技术研究”课题中 ,我们采用生殖免疫技术 ,研制了多胎疫苗 ,并在多个农场进行了实验。现将 1999～ 2 0 0 0年在新疆兵团工一师红旗农场的部分试验结果报告如下     

三聚氰胺联合三聚氰酸对攻毒大肠杆菌小鼠抵抗力的影响

试验旨在研究三聚氰胺及其同系物对机体免疫力产生的可能影响,为完善该类污染物的毒理学评价资料提供依据。试验将雄性KM小鼠144只随机分为8组,分别为空白对照组、大肠杆菌阳性对照组,试验组包括三聚氰胺高、中、低剂量组(50 mg/kg、10 mg/kg、2mg/kg)、三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸联合高、中、低(25+25mg/kg、5+5mg/kg、1+1mg/kg)剂量组,试验组隔天灌胃15d后,腹腔注射大肠杆菌,48h后检测小鼠脾脏B淋巴细胞增殖率、血清溶血素光密度值和迟发性变态免疫反应指标。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,当三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸攻毒剂量达到25+25mg/kg时,B淋巴细胞转化能力下降(0.01P0.05),血清溶血素吸光度值下降(P0.01),当攻毒剂量达到三聚氰胺50mg/kg、三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸剂量25+25mg/kg、5+5mg/kg时,小鼠足趾增厚度减小(P0.01),提示三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸能够降低小鼠对大肠杆菌的抵抗能力。     

氮磷营养盐条件下大肠杆菌对氯霉素耐药性及机理研究

为探讨氮磷营养盐对环境大肠杆菌(E.coli)耐药性的影响及其机制,本试验通过建立模型生态系统研究氮磷营养盐引发大肠杆菌对氯霉素(CHL)产生耐药表型的影响,并对分离到的耐药菌株和敏感菌株进行cat基因检测.结果显示,添加不同剂量氮磷营养盐可引发大肠杆菌对氯霉素产生耐药性,46株耐氯霉素大肠杆菌cat基因的阳性率为89.13%;16株对氯霉素敏感的大肠杆菌未检出cat基因.结果表明,模拟生态系统中加入氮磷营养盐可引发大肠杆菌对氯霉素产生耐药;氮磷营养盐引发大肠杆菌对氯霉素耐药与cat基因有关.     

Study on Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorous on the Resistance of E.coli to Chloramphenicol and its Mechanism

This study was designed to explore the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on the resistance of E.coli from environment and the mechanism.Microcosms were established to study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on the resistant phenotype of E.coli to chloramphenicol (CHL).cat gene of isolated drug-resistant strains and susceptible strains were detected.The results showed that,different concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous could induce the formation of antibiotics resistance of E.coli to CHL.The rate of cat gene of 46 strains of chloramphenicol resistant E.coli was 89.13%,which was 0 in the 16 strains of chloramphenicol sensitive E.coli.The results indicated that,nitrogen and phosphorous in the microcosms could induce the formation and maintenance of resistance to chloramphenicol in E.coli,which had correlation with cat gene.     

碘缺乏区怀孕母羊补碘与初生羔羊甲状腺肿及初生重的关系

碘缺乏区怀孕母羊补碘与否，初生死亡羔羊中甲状腺肿发生率分别为l0．45％和29．70％．甲状腺肿多为大滤泡、小滤泡和增生型．大多为混合型。凡每千克体重的甲状腺重0．5g者均为甲状腺肿．甲状腺重低于0．4g者均无甲状腺肿。初生羔羊有甲状腺肿者平均体重为3．56kg．明显低于无甲状腺肿羔羊4．55kg。怀孕母羊补碘与否，初生羔羊血液中TSH、T3、T4也有差异。     

不同培养时间对绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞分泌雌二醇和孕酮的影响

以绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞为研究对象，采用体外培养细胞的方法，分别于不同时间收集细胞培养液，用放射免疫法（RIA）测定雌二醇和孕酮含量。结果表明：不同培养时间对卵泡颗粒细胞分泌雌二醇影响显著，24h、36h、48h之间差异均极显著（P＜0.001），并随时间延长，雌二醇含量呈下降趋势；在不同时间收集的细胞培养液中检测不到孕酮。     

The serological relationship of herpesvirus ovis to other herpesviruses and its possible involvement in the aetiology of jaagsiekte.

Cross-neutralization studies showed that 3 different isolates of herpesvirus ovis from cell cultures derived from the lungs of sheep suffering from jaagsiekte were not only identical but were also related to similar isolate made in Scotland. No relationship, however, could be established between herpesvirus ovis and common bovine or equine herpesviruses. Antibodies to herpesvirus ovis were present in roughly 70% of all animals tested and no evidence was obtained for the involvement of the virus in the aetiology of jaagsiekte. On the other hand, the absence of antibodies in sheep sera from Iceland as well as the other data obtained in this study did not exclude involvement of the virus in jaagsiekte.     

粉碎日粮条件下添喂气溶胶OT和多聚甲醛对妊娠后期母羊采食量和消化代谢的影响

在相同日粮条件下饲养3岁左右,体重(48.7±2.0)kg、具有多羔基因的小尾寒羊空怀母羊群,1个月后进行配种,从中选取18只妊娠母羊,随机分为3组(试验1(对照组)、2、3组),从妊娠90 d起,给试验2、3组分别添喂气溶胶OT(800mg/kg)和多聚甲醛(300mg/kg),并在妊娠第121~130天进行消化代谢试验,以研究添喂气溶胶OT和多聚甲醛对妊娠后期母羊自由采食量、消化代谢和产羔等的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,添喂气溶胶OT绵羊的干物质自由采食量增加13.0%(P<0.01);干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和总能的消化量分别增加12.4%(P<0.05)、14.4%(P<0.01)、23.2%(P<0.01)、15.2%(P>0.05)和27.4%(P<0.01);氮、钙和磷保留分别增加31.1%(P<0.01)、48.5%(P<0.01)和31.9%(P<0.01);血清甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸含量趋于降低;但日粮养分消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);母羊体重下降减少61.9%(P<0.01),羔羊出生窝重增加4.2%(P>0.05)。添喂多聚甲醛,绵羊的干物质自由采食量增加12.6%(P<0.01);干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和总能的消化量分别增加15.4%(P<0.01)、16.2%(P<0.01)、22.4%(P<0.01)、14.2%(P>0.05)和29.0%(P<0.01);氮、钙和磷保留分别增加33.5%(P<0.01)、48.9%(P<0.01)和36.3%(P<0.01);而日粮消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);母羊血清β-羟丁酸和游离脂肪酸含量趋于降低;体重下降减少57.1%(P<0.01),羔羊出生窝重增加11.1%(P<0.05)。本研究表明,添喂气溶胶OT或多聚甲醛,均可提高妊娠后期母羊的自由采食量,提高消化量和钙、磷消化率,增加氮保留,减少妊娠母羊体脂的动员或利用,减缓体重下降,提高产羔窝重。     

Effect of Aerosol OT and Paraformaldehyde Supplement on the Voluntary Intake,Digestion and Metabolism of Late-pregnant Ewe Fed with Ground Diet

The Small-tail Han ewes with 3 years old, (48.7±2.0)kg body weight, carring the multi-lamb gene, were fed with the same diet, mating after one month.18 pregnant ewes were selected and divided into 3 groups(groups 1(control group), 2 and 3).From 90 days of pregnancy, groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with aerosol OT(800 mg/kg) and paraformaldehyde(300 mg/kg), respectively, and the experiments of digestion and metabolism were carried on from 121 to 130 days of pregnancy to study the effect of aerosol OT and paraformaldehyde supplements on the voluntary intake, digestion and metabolism, lambing of late-pregnant ewes.The results showed that when fed with aerosol OT, the voluntary intake of dry matter was increased by 13.0%(P<0.01);The amount of digestion of DM, OM, CP, cellulose and GE was increased by 12.4%(P<0.05), 14.4%(P<0.01), 23.2%(P<0.01), 15.2%(P>0.05) and 27.4%(P<0.01), respectively;The retention of N, Ca and P was increased by 31.1%(P<0.01), 48.5%(P<0.01) and 31.9%(P<0.01), respectively;The serum triglyceride and free fatty acid content tended to decrease;but the apparent digestibility of the dietary nutrients were not significantly affected(P>0.05);The loss of ewe postpartum weight was reduced by 61.9%(P<0.01), a nest of lamb weight was increased by 4.2%(P>0.05).In the condition of feeding paraformaldehyde, the voluntary intake of dry matter was increased by 12.6%(P<0.01);The amount of digestion of DM, OM, CP, cellulose and GE was increased by 15.4%(P<0.01), 16.2%(P<0.01), 22.4%(P<0.01), 14.2%(P>0.05) and 29.0%(P<0.01), respectively;The retention of N, Ca and P was increased by 33.5%(P<0.01), 48.9%(P<0.01) and 36.3%(P<0.01), respectively;But the apparent digestibility of the dietary nutrients were no significantly affected(P>0.05);The serum β-hydroxybutrate and free fatty acid content tended to decrease;The loss of ewe postpartum weight was reduced by 57.1%(P<0.01), a nest of lamb weight was increased by 11.1%(P<0.05).This study showed that by feeding aerosol OT or paraformaldehyde, the intake, digestibility of Ca, P and N could be improved in late-pregnant ewe, the body weight loss, body fat mobilization could be reduced, and the birth weight of litter could be increased.     

高效液相色谱法检测猪肉、羊肉中阿托品残留量的研究

为了检测阿托品在猪肉、羊肉中残留量,本研究通过实验条件的建立与优化,建立了其高效液相色谱分析方法。猪肉、羊肉中的阿托品经乙腈提取两次,用正己烷除脂两次,再经HLB柱净化后,用高效液相色谱仪分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:阿托品在0.5～20.0μg/mL的系列浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.999。样品中阿托品的检测限为0.25 mg/kg,定量限为0.5 mg/kg。在0.5～5 mg/kg添加浓度范围内,阿托品的回收率均为80～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

四川省攀枝花市冬春季黑麦草补饲羔羊效果研究

为了研究枯草期山羊养殖户种植黑麦草补饲放牧羔羊的效果,选用1.5~2.5月龄的放牧羔羊进行黑麦草补饲试验,观察其与未补饲黑麦草羔羊增重的差异。结果表明,补饲黑麦草羔羊比未补饲对照组羔羊增重高43%;种植667m2黑麦草,通过补饲羔羊能取得14810.64元的比较效益。