The response of Acacia karroo plants to defoliation by hand compared to defoliation by goats

Abstract

The leaf and shoot growth of Acacia karroo plants defoliated by goats was compared to that of plants in which leaf only or leaf plus shoot‐tips were removed by hand, to simulate goat browsing.

There were no differences in leaf or shoot production between plants whose leaf only was removed compared to those that had both leaf and shoot‐tips removed. Leaf growth on the plants defoliated by goats at moderate levels was approximately three‐fold that on plants defoliated moderately by hand. The plants defoliated by hand produced approximately twice the amount of leaf that the undefoliated plants produced. Heavy defoliation by both hand and goat, produced approximately half the leaf growth that moderately defoliated plants produced, following equivalent defoliation. Shoot production of all plants defoliated by hand was no different to that of the undefoliated control plants and was considerably less than that of the plants defoliated by goats.     

Injury to fish by turbine plants

In the Federal Republic of Germany, 7% of the electric power is generated by Hydro-electric plants. A water current is used to drive a turbine, to generate electricity. Fish are passively drawn into the turbines by the water flow, or they migrate actively downstream (eels). Fish then may be injured or even killed. The national Countries' Fishery Acts are not sufficient to compel the prevention of fish gaining access to the turbines. To compensate for losses to the fishery, the owners of Hydro power plants can re-stock their water supplies. Superior to the Fishery Acts of the various Countries is the Federal Animal Protection Law. According to its principle, it is not allowed to cause pain, suffering or damage to an animal without a reasonable cause. It cannot be the intention of either the Fishery Acts or the Animal Protection Law to compensate losses in the fish population by re-stocking. On the contrary, the damage has to be prevented in advance. A suitable means to achieve this is the combination of electrified barriers with a bypass for fish.     

免疫如何对鸡群产生保护

本文主要论述了记忆免疫应答如何保护鸡只抵御马立克疾病以及雏鸡入舍早期生物安全的重要性。     

用科技引领未来——访广州太普乐生物科技有限公司珠海分公司董事长李鹰

作为改革开放前沿地带,广东省的畜牧和饲料行业一直走在国内前沿,其中不仅孕育了全国规模实力雄厚的畜牧饲料企业,在饲料添加剂领域,也崛起了一大批高科技饲料添加剂企业,广州太普乐生物科技有限公司珠海分公司(以下简称太普乐生物)就是其中之一.     

如何防止沙门氏菌污染饲料

沙门氏菌污染饲料时有发生。为防止沙门氏菌污染饲料，可采用包括日粮处理、监测原料和成品以及监控饲料加工中的各个参数等措施。大多数报导的动物食物中毒例中，是由血清型非白痢沙门氏菌如鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌海德堡变种引起的。１９８９年，英国和威尔士发病３００００例，死亡６１例。北美发病４５０００例，但死亡率较低。美国每年由沙门氏菌病造成的经济损失估计超过１０亿美元。沙门氏菌在温度高于１０℃、pH６～７．５范围内繁殖最快。在商品饲料生产条件下，饲料不可能作冷藏处理，但添加各种有机酸（甲…     

世界动物卫生组织应对新冠疫情措施

世界动物卫生组织(OIE)作为政府间的动物卫生技术组织,在新冠疫情期间,利用其专业技术网络,通过与成员密切合作,积极开展病毒溯源及人新冠疫情暴发研究,进而提升成员兽医机构能力,促进多方共同应对危机.OIE抗击新冠疫情主要措施是加强动物新冠疫情通报,加强动物新冠知识宣传,以及成立工作组/专业组积极应对.本文介绍了这3项措...     

Beef Imports Forecast to Double by 2018

Pall Chenjun, a senior analyst at Rabobank, said domestic beefoutput is declining at the same time as there＇s a growing demand for high-protein food in China.     

"加西亚"是靠谁塑造出来的--从读《致加西亚的信》谈饲料企业如何用人

作为畅销书，《致加西亚的信》曾被不少的企业老总批量购买．并成为企业各级员工的必读书。     

Failure to transmit rabies to rats and mice by ingestion and contact

Summary Mice and rats failed to develop rabies after eating brains and carcases of rabid mice. Mice and rats failed to become infected during contact with rabid mice and rats respectively. It would appear from these observations that mice and rats are not important in the transmission of rabies.

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Sumario Ratones y ratas fallaron de desarrollar rabia despues de haber comido cerebros y carcasas de ratones rabiosos. Ratones no se infectaron por contacto con ratones rabiosos. Los ratones no son importantes en la transmission de la rabia.

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Résumé Des rats et des souris ne contractèrent pas la rage après avoir mangé des cerveaux et des carcasses de souris rabiques. Des souris ne furent pas infectées pendant leur cohabitation avec des souris rabiques. Les souris et les rats ne jouent pas un r?le important dans la transmission de la rage.

     

技术创新成就辉煌——乾元浩"新一代"新支减产品招商大会报道

2009年11月15日,乾元浩郑州生物制药厂在平煤郑州商务会馆隆重举行了为期两天的“新一代”新支减产品上市招商大会,乾元浩生物股份有限公司副总经理邵宇等公司相关方面负责人与来自江苏、云南、山东、陕西等地的一级销售商代表共约60人出席了会议。     

Adaptation to a Fat-Supplemented Diet by Cutting Horses

In a crossover experiment, eight mature Quarter Horses were exercised by simulated cutting-horse training and fed either a control concentrate (C) or a 10% fat-supplemented concentrate (F) with Bermuda grass hay in a 60:40 ratio. The experiment consisted of two 28-day experimental periods with a 28-day standardization period between treatments. Digestion trials and standardized exercise tests (SET) were conducted every 7 days during experimental periods. Dietary fat had no detrimental effect on digestion of diet constituents, and all digestion coefficients were within expected ranges. Likewise, there was no significant difference in heart rates between treatments or SET days. Plasma lactic acid concentrations did not differ (P > .05) between treatments, however, there was a decline (P < .05) with advancing SET day. When horses were fed fat, there was an increase (P < .05) in muscle glycogen storage from days 0 to 28, but there was no increase (P > .05) in muscle glycogen over time when horses were fed C. On days 7, 14, and 28, muscle glycogen utilization increased (P < .05) from day 0 when horses were fed fat but not C. Pre-exercise data were normalized such that day 0 values equaled zero, due to higher (P < .05) glycogen concentrations for C than F on day 0. Subsequently, muscle glycogen concentrations on day 28 before exercise were higher (P < .05) when horses were fed F than C. The results of this study indicate that Quarter Horses in simulated cutting-horse training can adapt to digestion of a fat-supplemented diet by day 14. However, it may take up to 28 days of adaptation to a fat-supplemented diet to observe increases in glycogen storage and use.     

HPLC法测定猪肉中磺胺类药物残留

采用HPLC测定猪肉中磺胺类药物的残留,以Cloversil C18色谱柱、甲醇-1％乙酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,进样量5μL,流速0.6 mL/min,240-280 nm波长紫外检测.测定结果表明,猪肉中含有磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺喹噁啉等磺胺类药物.利用HPLC法检测猪肉中磺胺类药物残留快速、准确.     

Equine Testicular Lesions Related to Invasion by Nematodes

Nematodes of the genuses Strongylus and Setaria are able to erratically migrate to the equine testis and provoke characteristic inflammatory changes. Moreover, the presence of living parasites in scrotal testes is a scarce finding in which only the tracts and related lesions may be observed. In a 20-year experience of equine testes observed in abattoirs, 13 cases of atypical inflammatory lesions in scrotal testes were collected. On opening of the vaginal cavity, hydrocele was consistantly observed, and the Morgagni's appendix was enlarged, prominent, and reddish. Large, elongated, or irregular prominent red to yellow areas were visible on the testicular or epididymal serosa. Edematous enlargement of the epididymal head or tail was occasionally observed. In two cases, the described lesions were detected together with nematodes of the species Setaria equina, free and viable or encapsulated in the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis, confirming the hypothesized cause. Histologically, the serosal lesions were interpreted as parasitic tracts, characterized by hemorrhage and leukocyte infiltrates in recent lesions or by granulation tissue with numerous macrophages in elderly ones. In the latter, areas of squamous metaplasia could be observed in the appendix testis and in the epididymal duct. Associated microscopic lesions included diffuse periorchitis, lymphocytic interstitial orchitis with mild to severe degeneration of seminiferous tubules, and vasculitis, epididymitis, and sperm granuloma.