绿色农业与标准化生产

近年来随着现代农业的发展,农业生态环境及食品安全问题日益突出。由于不合理使用化肥、农药,食品中残留的有害物质得不到有效控制,食品安全问题成为当今我国传统农业生产中难以逾越的发展壁垒。为了防止食品污染,保护农业生态环境及人类自身健康,发展绿色农业及标准化生产是当前乃至今后一个时期内我国农业发展的必然选择。尤其对黑龙江垦区广大机械化程度相对较高、管理体制较为健全、规模化生产日趋合理的农场。努力打造绿色品牌,把食品安全问题上升到战略高度,成为垦区农业不断创新与发展的必然选择。     

A new paradigm for world agriculture: meeting human needs: Productive,sustainable, nutritious

Micronutrient malnutrition (`Hidden Hunger') now afflicts over two billion people worldwide, resulting in poor health, low worker productivity, high rates of mortality and morbidity, increased rates of chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes), and permanent impairment of cognitive abilities of infants born to micronutrient-deficient mothers. The consequences of food system failures include lethargic national development efforts, continued high population growth rates, and a vicious cycle of poverty for massive numbers of underprivileged people in all nations. Our food systems are failing us globally by not providing enough balanced nutrient output to meet all the nutritional needs of every person, especially resource-poor women, infants and children in developing countries. Agriculture is partly responsible because it has never held nutrient output as an explicit goal of its production systems. Indeed, many agricultural policies have fostered a decline in nutrition and diet diversity for the poor in many countries. Nutrition and health communities are also partly responsible because they have never considered using agriculture as a primary tool in their programs directed at alleviating poor nutrition and ill health globally. Now is the time for a new paradigm for agriculture and nutrition. We must consider ways in which agriculture can contribute to finding sustainable solutions to food system failures through holistic food-based system approaches, thereby closely linking agricultural production to improving human health, livelihood and well being. Such action will stimulate support for agricultural research in many developed countries because it addresses consumer issues as well as agricultural production issues and is, therefore, politically supportable.     

分子育种时代的作物种质资源创新与利用

种质资源又称遗传资源,其不仅是进行农业科技原始创新以及现代种业发展的物质基础,更是保障粮食安全、建设生态文明并实现农业可持续发展的战略性资源。本文从种质资源的收集、鉴定和评价、创制及利用等方面进行了综述,以期为分子育种时代的种质资源创新和利用工作提供可利用的信息。     

Education in Agroecology and Integrated Systems

Summary

Courses and curricula in agriculture are traditionally organized within disciplinary boundaries, while study of integrated systems has been confined to aggregation of components and often superficial analysis. Agroecology is emerging as an integrative field that expands our focus to embrace the broad complexities of agricultural production and the entire food system. Education in agroecology must provide the skills and knowledge needed to design and evaluate new systems, as well as the capacity to vision into the future and anticipate the impacts of systems as well as new challenges that will face humanity. Agricultural universities need to be organized to prepare students to meet these increasingly complex challenges in the food and natural resource arena. Agroecology courses can build awareness and competence in using ecological principles to inform the design of future systems that are productive, economically sound, environmentally sustainable, and socially viable for the indefinite future. A model program in the Nordic region is presented as an example of one innovative curriculum. Study of the ecology of food systems can put natural resource, human population, and agricultural production into a balanced perspective that can guide our research and development efforts toward a sustainable food system for the future.     

中国热带作物产业发展与科技创新

热带农业科技创新是实现热带农业现代化的法宝之一，热带农业增效、热区农民增收的关键在于科技创新。在阐述热带作物产业发展现状的基础上，分析热带农业科技创新的紧迫性，并就如何通过科技创新来加快热带作物产业的发展提出相关的政策建议。     

加快广东农垦现代热带农业发展的思考

近年来，广东农垦现代热带农业发展迅速，但仍存在许多问题。要认真落实科学发展观，实施农业科技发展战略，加强农业科技创新、推广和应用体系建设。应进一步加强种子种苗建设，重视病虫害防治和新技术、新工艺、新产品的研究和开发，努力形成加快垦区现代农业发展的强大推动力。     

热带农业科技创新体系的构建研究与设想

热带区域农业科技创新体系是国家农业科技创新体系的重要组成部分,本文研究在分析建设热带农业科技创新体系的重要性和紧迫性的基础上,提出热带农业科技创新体系的建设思路和建设内容,为政府及有关科研部门提供决策参考。     

设施农业产业集群模式创新与实践——以河北邢台为例

为了适应经济发展新常态,切实贯彻落实中共中央加强农业供给侧结构性改革,加快引领我国现代农业及设施农业发展,助力京津冀协同战略发展,河北省邢台市立足本地优越的设施产业立地条件和良好的工业能源基础,打造我国首个设施农业产业集群,创新了“设施农业嘉年华+设施生产集群+设施农用工业集群”模式,联结设施农业的一产和三产功能,以休闲旅游引爆产品销售,带动产品生产,促进河北省现代农业转型升级。     

中国热带地区区域性农业科技基层推广机构的构建研究

在分析中国热带地区农业科技基层推广机构建设现状的基础上,指出所存在的问题,提出构建区域性农业科技推广站,并从人才队伍建设、运行机制创新、服务模式创新等方面进行阐述,以推动现代热带农业的发展,促进农村繁荣、农业增效、农民增收。     

泰宁县稻田不同类型耕作制度效益的调查与思考

农业走向市场以后，给农业注入了新的尖力，同时也反映出农业宏观调控与微观搞活面临诸多复杂问题。本文就泰宁县现有稻田各种类型耕作制度的自然资源和社会经济效益进行调查分析研究。     

无线数据通信及传感器网络在农业中的应用

无线数据通信方式具有设计简便、低成本、可靠性高等优点,能够为农业空间分布信息获取、处理、控制过程的数据传输提供优化解决方案。依据无线数据通信范围和农业应用任务方式,结合国内外典型案例,分别介绍作业数据远程服务、农用车辆调度管理方面的无线广域应用,大型喷灌机灌溉管理、农场作业管理方面的无线局域应用,以及在智能农机系统部件通信、农业机器人操控、农产品及禽畜识别管理方面的无线个人区域应用,分析了目前最热门的无线传感器网络技术在农业环境监测和动态跟踪监测方面的研究进展。     

生态农业建设与绿色食品生产

针对我国农业和食品发展要实现的目标,阐述了我国农业所面临的种种挑战。如:生态危机日益严重;城乡人民对食物的要求不断提高;国际农产品及食品市场竞争激烈;提出了生态农业的特征,绿色食品的概念和体系构成,同时指出生态农业和绿色食品都是可持续发展理论与实践的模式,更具中国特色,更适合我国国情。     

浅析农业机械化与农业增效、农民增收

介绍了农业机械化在节约农业生产成本、提升农产品品质、提高农业综合生产能力,增加农业产出,促进农业劳动力转移,增加农民收入中的积极作用。提出落实农机购置补贴政策,提高和优化农机装备水平;实施农机服务组织创新,提高农机利用率和机械化作业水平;加强农机新技术的推广应用,促进农业产业结构调整;大力发展非农产业,促进劳动力转移;加强农机培训工作,提高农民自身素质等发展农业机械化的建议。     

热带农业科技国际合作区域发展战略研究

通过分析国际热带农业发展趋势,结合我国热带农业发展情况,探讨中国在亚非拉及南太岛国地区热带农业科技国际合作的区域发展战略,更好地为我国热带农业科技创新和国家外交服务。     

以新发展理念建设现代农业强市

从坚持统筹协调以强化现代农业规划引领、坚持开放兼容以推进一二三产业融合、坚持绿色安全以加快农业供给侧改革、坚持改革创新以保障农业可持续发展、坚持合作共享以提升农业产业化经营水平5个方面阐述加快推进江门市的农业现代化建设，旨在将江门市建设成产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的现代农业强市。     

The Importance of Biodiversity in Agroecosystems

SUMMARY

This article identifies the important functions and benefits of biodiversity in agriculture, for sustainable crop production and food security. After clarifying impacts from the decline of biodiversity in agriculture, the article summarizes principles, practices and policies for biodiversity conservation and enhancement in farming systems and in landscapes. Some of the strategies identified build upon valuable local experiences and knowledge in traditional farming practices, while others take advantage of recent scientific findings in agroecology and ecosystem health. The analysis suggests the value of adopting an agroeco-systems approach, beyond a focus on genetic resource conservation alone-to implement other biodiversity-enhancing methods in farms, such as integrated ecological pest and soil management. Attention is also given to the challenges by conflicting agricultural policies that contribute to the decline of biodiversity in farming systems, and potential of reforming such policies. The practices and approaches reviewed in this analysis show effective ways to link biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture.     

海南省创意农业发展研究初探

创意农业是在知识经济时代中，创意产业发展以及农业创新两方面交叉作用下发展起来的。简要介绍创意农业的概念与内涵，分析海南创意农业发展的条件与现状，并提出海南发展创意农业的建议。     

中国创意农业的发展方向选择

从关键资源要素、表现形式、支撑条件、外部环境等方面阐述了创意农业发展的内在机理。在此基础上，分析了消费者、经营者、村镇居民、地方政府等主体对创意农业发展的内在需求。进一步探讨了创意农业发展的关键要素，包括发展理念的创新与应用、多元化创意的植入与融合、专业化主体的引入与参与、特色化资源配置与利用。基于此，提出中国创意农业发展的5种方向：农业景观的创意展示、农副产品的创意生产、农业文化的创意体验、乡村生活的创意参与、关联产业的创意融合。     

基于SWOT分析的海南生态农业发展对策研究

通过分析海南生态农业发展的SWOT，提出了海南应适当发展庭园经济和农业庄园、大力打造无公害食品生产基地、大力发展旅游农业等生态农业的发展对策。     

新时期农业综合开发面临的挑战与发展对策

回顾和总结了湖南省实施农业综合开发项目14年来取得的成绩．针对新世纪农业发展在加入WTO后面临的诸如农产品质量与食品安全、农业产业结构调整、市场的多样化需求等一系列严峻挑战，为加强农业基础建设和生态环境建设，促进我省农业结构的调整转换升级，提高农业产化业水平，实现农民增收，农业增效，农村经济可持续发展．提出了新时期农业综合开发应采取的对策。