苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能及乳品质的影响

试验旨在探讨苜蓿青贮料替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、营养物质表观消化率、血液生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体重、产奶量、胎次相近的健康泌乳中期中高产中国荷斯坦奶牛15头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂4.0 kg苜蓿青干草,试验A、B组分别用4.4,8.8 kg苜蓿青贮料代替2.0和4.0 kg等干物质的苜蓿青干草,正试期64 d。结果表明,1)各组间干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),B组产奶量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),A组与对照组、B组间差异不显著(P>0.05); 2)用50%,100%的苜蓿青贮料替代等干物质的苜蓿青干草,其乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖均有所改善,但只有B组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余指标各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);3)A、B组与对照组的中性洗涤纤维表观消化率、钙表观消化率无显著性差异(P>0.05),A、B组间粗蛋白和磷表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),但是粗蛋白表观消化率均显著低于对照组、磷表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4)苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草其血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮、血糖、二氧化碳结合力等指标没有显著性改变(P>0.05);5)试验A、B组经济效益均有所增加,其中A组的净增收益最高,为0.61元/(头·d)。综上,用4.4 kg苜蓿青贮料代替2.0 kg苜蓿青干草对中高产奶牛是适宜的,能提高其生产性能,改善乳品质,增加收益。     

苜蓿干草添加量对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

选取沧州奶牛养殖小区体重、产奶量、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为4组,对照组日粮组成为秸秆加精料,试验组添加不同水平苜蓿干草,分析对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验组与对照组干物质采食量差异显著（P＜0.05）,试验组产奶量显著提高,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;乳脂率有所降低,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;乳蛋白、非脂乳固形物极显著提高（P＜0.01）;体细胞数显著下降（P＜0.05）。添加苜蓿使牛奶品质得到明显改善。经济效益分析结果表明,日粮中添加苜蓿能显著提高奶牛养殖业的整体效益。     

苜蓿鲜草部分替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响。选用18头体重、胎次、产奶量相近,处于泌乳中期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂以苜蓿鲜草替代基础饲粮中50%和75%苜蓿青干草的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛干物质采食量和产奶量均无显著影响(P>0.05),但各试验组乳体细胞数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛营养物质表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组奶牛的血清尿素氮含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),对照组和试验Ⅱ组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的经济效益均有所增加,其中试验Ⅱ组净增收益最高,为9.06元/(头·d)。综合得出,苜蓿鲜草可以部分替代奶牛饲粮中苜蓿青干草而不影响生产性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标,且能增加经济效益。     

添加不同水平苜蓿对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

选取河北省沧州地区奶牛养殖小区体重、产奶量、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为4组,对照组日粮组成为秸秆加精料,试验组添加不同水平苜蓿干草,分析对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响.结果表明,试验组与对照组相比产奶量显著提高,差异极显著(P<0.01);乳脂率降低,差异不显著(P>0.05);乳蛋白、非脂乳固形物极显著提高(P<0.01);体细胞数显著下降(P<0.05).添加苜蓿使牛奶品质得到明显改善.经济效益分析表明,日粮中添加苜蓿能显著提高奶产业种、养、加链条的整体效益.     

苜蓿青干草对肉牛生产性能及胆固醇代谢的影响

选取日龄、体质量、性别、健康状况一致的西门塔尔牛×延边牛杂交一代(F1)生长肥育肉牛16头,随机分为4个处理组,每组4个重复,分别在饲粮中用不同水平苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青干草代替等量花生秧和棉籽壳,研究其对肉牛生产性能和胆固醇代谢的影响。结果表明,1)苜蓿青干草替代部分粗饲料可以提高日增体质量20、80和30 g(P0.05),而且随着苜蓿青干草添加量的增加,试验牛血清碱性磷酸酶含量逐渐升高并显著高于未添加组(P0.05);2)添加苜蓿青干草可以显著提高肉牛肌肉中粗蛋白质和粗灰分的含量(P0.05),降低粗脂肪的含量(P0.05)。5.07、.5 kg/d添加组肉牛血清和肉中总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量极显著(P0.01)低于对照组,2.5 kg/d添加组显著下降(P0.05);5.0、7.5 kg/d添加组肉牛低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量极显著下降(P0.01),并显著低于2.5 kg/d添加组(P0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。     

饲喂苜蓿干草对引入澳大利亚奶牛生产性能的影响

为探讨日粮中添加不同比例苜蓿干草,对引入纯种澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛的影响,选择48头产奶量、膘情、年龄,泌乳阶段一致的引入纯种奶牛进行完全随机单位组设计,分为试验Ⅰ组(对照组)、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。分别饲喂苜蓿干草2.5kg/d、5kg/d、7.5kg/d,3kg精料基础料加每产4kg奶补1kg产奶料,玉米青贮自由采食。测定产奶量、干物质采食量、乳成分和试验前后奶牛体重。结果对照组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质采食量、产奶量、乳脂率、4%标准乳日产量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和干物质含量差异不显著(P>0.05);乳脂和乳蛋白的平均日产量均随苜蓿喂量增加而显著增加(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组体细胞数量比对照组显著减少(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组比对照组和试验Ⅱ组极显著减少(P<0.01)。增加苜蓿干草喂量,对提高引入澳大利亚高产荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量和奶品质有一定提高作用。     

青干苜蓿草叶替代部分精料饲喂奶牛试验

试验牛的分组：选择产奶量接近、产奶月份相同的奶牛30头，随机分成条件相似的两组(各15头)，分3次饲喂和3次挤奶。     

四倍体刺槐替代苜蓿干草对波尔山羊生产性能的影响

选择体重相近的青年波尔山羊38只,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组19只.对照组饲喂青贮玉米+苜蓿干草+精料补充料,试验组用四倍体刺槐替代苜蓿干草,研究四倍体刺槐替代苗蓿干草对波尔山羊生产性能的影响.结果表明,对照组和试验组羊的平均日增重分别为148.25 g和151.75 g,试验组增重速度比对照组提高了2.36%(P>0.05).利用四倍体刺槐替代苜蓿干草饲喂波尔山羊可获得相似的育肥效果.而饲料成本低于苜蓿干草.     

日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响

通过在杜泊羊的日粮中添加高硒、高硒钴、高硒钴锌以及高硒钴锌铁4种苜蓿青干草,研究这4种高微量元素苜蓿青干草在添加量为5%～15%的情况下对羊的采食性能、日增重和饲料的转化等方面的影响。     

苜蓿鲜草和青饲玉米对奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响

探讨日粮中添加苜蓿鲜草和青饲玉米对奶牛生产性能及其乳成分的影响,本试验选用荷斯坦泌乳奶牛20头,随机分为2组,对照组饲喂秸秆和精料补充料;试验组饲喂苜蓿鲜草、青饲玉米和精料补充料日粮。试验结果表明,日粮中添加苜蓿鲜草和青饲玉米,可极显著提高奶牛的生产性能和乳脂率(P<0.01),显著提高干物质采食量和乳蛋白含量(P<0.05)。     

苜蓿草粉替代奶牛饲料中部分精料的效果试验

选择年龄、体重、胎次、生理状况、产奶量、健康状况相近的20头奶牛,随机分为4组(即对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组),每组5头,进行为期60 d的饲养试验。试验1组、试验2组和试验3组的饲料配方是在对照组饲料配方的基础上,分别用10%、20%和30%的苜蓿草粉替代相应的精料。试验结果表明,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组和对照组相比,产奶量分别提高5.60%、8.75%和10.82%,经济效益提高14.82%、25.12%和33.06%。     

菌糠替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能的影响

试验选择年龄、胎次(2～4胎)、生产性能相近,体重600kg左右健康德系荷斯坦奶牛70头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组35头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,试验组用菌糠等量代替全混合日粮中的苜蓿干草,试验期测定奶牛采食量、产奶量、乳品质等生产性能,并分析经济效益。结果表明:试验组奶牛采食正常,两组间采食量无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组和对照组产奶量有一定差异,但未达显著水平(P>0.05),且随着试验的进行,试验组的产奶量有提高的趋势,还延长了其高产时间;试验组多项乳品质指标较对照组有所改善,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组每产1kg标准奶比对照组节约饲料成本0.10元。     

Substitution of fresh forage ramie for alfalfa hay in diets affects production performance,milk composition,and serum parameters of dairy cows

We hypothesized that ramie, Boehmeria nivea (a nettle native to Asia), can be used as a high-quality forage to replace alfalfa hay in diets of dairy cows. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the effects of substituting fresh forage ramie for alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay on production performance, milk composition, and serum parameters of dairy cows. Thirty-two Holstein cows (body weight (BW)?=?590?±?50.6 kg) were randomly divided into four groups of eight cows. The experimental period lasted 10 weeks. The dietary treatments consisted of four proportions of fresh forage ramie (0, 33, 67, and 100%) as a substitute for alfalfa hay (designated as CON, FR33, FR67, and FR100, respectively). On days 69 and 70 of the experimental period, milk and blood samples were collected for analysis. We found no significant differences in the milk yield and milk quality (milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage, and milk lactose percentage) between the treatments. We did find that forage ramie significantly reduced dry matter intake (DMI) and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield. Meanwhile, no significant differences were detected in serum parameters between the treatments, with the exception of triglyceride (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In conclusion, our data indicate that alfalfa hay can be replaced with forage ramie in the diet of Holstein cows in the milk lactation stage, with no negative effects on milk quality and blood parameters.

     

Effect of cereal straw and alfalfa hay diet on amino acid profile of gastrointestinal digesta in lactating dairy cows

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with rice straw (RS) or corn stover (CS) on amino acid (AA) profiles of gastrointestinal digesta in lactating cows. Eighteen lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 6) and fed identical concentrate and corn silage with different forages on dry matter basis: (i) 23% alfalfa hay and 7% Chinese wild rye hay (AH); (ii) 30% CS; and (iii) 30% RS. After the 14‐week feeding, a total of 18 cows were slaughtered to collect digesta from four representative organs, including rumen, omasum, duodenum and jejunum. The AA profiles of ruminal microbial fraction were similar among the treatments, except for greater Arg in cows fed RS than in cows fed AH or CS. Most of the analysed AA changed under different diets. Significant differences were found among the microbial fraction, rumen fluid and rumen digesta, with greater essential AA in digesta than in microbial fraction or rumen fluid and greater essential AA in microbial fraction than rumen fluid. Significant differences in individual AA profiles of digesta and relevant fluid were found across the four representative digestive tract parts, including rumen, omasum, duodenum and jejunum, showing much lower Leu proportion in CS and RS than in AH in duodenal fluid. In summary, ruminal microbes may prefer using essential AA, rather than non‐essential AA. The AA profile of ruminal microbes was constant except for Arg. The AA composition of digesta across the four digestive tracts changed dramatically, which indicated differences in the ability and efficiency of AA absorption. The lower duodenum absorbable Leu proportion in cows fed CS or RS indicated the shortage of Leu in CS or RS diets, which might also restrict the balanced AA absorption.     

氨基酸在紫花苜蓿干草品质评定中的作用

试验旨在探究紫花苜蓿氨基酸在营养品质评定中的作用,以不同品种紫花苜蓿(皇后、WL319HQ和Bara310SC)为研究对象,测定并综合分析其产量(CL)、营养品质以及17种氨基酸含量.结果 显示:皇后的干草产量、粗脂肪含量显著高于WL319HQ和Bara310SC (P＜0.05);WL319HQ和Bara310SC的...     

Plasma clearance of L- and D-lactate in steers fed alfalfa hay or high concentrate diets

Experiments were conducted with 40 steers to evaluate the effects of diet (alfalfa hay vs high concentrate) on the rates of elimination of D- and L-lactate from plasma. Plasma L- and D-lactate clearance rates were determined before (Period I) and 114 d after (Period II) an abrupt switch from the alfalfa hay to the high concentrate diet. One group of steers received the hay diet throughout the experiment. Diet or period did not alter the rate of disappearance of L-lactate from plasma; the half-life was 13.5 to 15.5 min. D-lactate disappearance from plasma followed an exponential decay curve with at least two components; however, diet or period did not alter the calculated rates of disappearance. The half-life of the first component was 9 to 28 min and the second component was 207 min. Characteristics describing D- or L-lactate metabolism were not highly correlated with lactate utilization for fatty acid synthesis. These data demonstrate that, in steers adapted to a high concentrate diet consuming 18.2 Mcal ME X head-1 X d-1, clearance of D(-)- or L(+)-lactate is not different from that in steers fed alfalfa hay consuming 23.1 Mcal ME X head-1 X d-1.     

Lipogenesis and adipose tissue cellularity in steers switched from alfalfa hay to high concentrate diets

An experiment was conducted to 1) evaluate the effects of diet (alfalfa hay vs high concentrate) on adipose tissue cellularity and rates of in vitro lipogenesis and 2) determine if there was a relationship between in vitro lipogenic rates from acetate and lactate and rates of L- or D-lactate disappearance from plasma. Number of adipose cells/g of tissue decreased with time on experiment; however, hay-fed steers had fewer, but larger cells/g of subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with concentrate-fed steers (.78 +/- .04 vs 1.20 +/- .13 X 10(-6)/g, respectively). These results, however, are likely due to a higher (approximately 25%) intake of dry matter and metabolizable energy by the hay-fed steers. Carcass data obtained at slaughter (460 kg) indicated that the concentrate-fed steers had as much or more adipose tissue compared with the hay-fed steers. Characteristics describing D- or L-lactate disappearance from plasma were not highly correlated with lactate utilization for fatty acid synthesis. Utilization of acetate as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis in vitro was correlated (r = .64) with the rate of lactate utilization for fatty acid synthesis.     

Effects of diets containing alfalfa hay or barley flour mixed alfalfa silage on feeding behavior, productivity, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in lactating cows

The effects of barley flour on the fermentation parameters of alfalfa silage and on the productivity of dairy cows were investigated. Alfalfa forage was ensiled either with or without barley flour. Barley flour was soaked in water for 24 h before being mixed with alfalfa (12 kg: 100 kg dry matter bases) at ensiling. Eighteen multi-parous cows were assigned to three equal treatment groups using a completely randomized design. Three isocaloric and isonitrogenous total mixed rations containing alfalfa hay, ordinary alfalfa silage or barley flour mixed alfalfa silage were then prepared. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid and butyric acid were lower in barley flour mixed alfalfa silage compared to that in ordinary alfalfa silage but the concentration of lactic acid was lower in the ordinary alfalfa silage. Feeding behavior, milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites were measured. Although dry matter intake and milk production were not affected, the effect of preparation of alfalfa influenced feeding behavior and rumen fermentation parameters. Cows on alfalfa silage diets spent longer ruminating compared to those fed alfalfa hay. The ruminal ammonia nitrogen and blood urea were affected by ensiling (alfalfa hay versus alfalfa silages) while both parameters were lower in cows fed on barley flour mixed alfalfa silage than those fed on ordinary silage. Although similar blood glucose was recorded for cows fed on alfalfa silages, it was higher in cows fed on alfalfa hay. It is concluded that the addition of barely flour when making alfalfa silage may improve both the fermentation process during ensilage and the ruminal ammonia nitrogen utilization with no significant effects on productivity.