几种非十字花科蔬菜与甘蓝间作对春甘蓝田节肢动物群落的影响

为探索十字花科蔬菜关键害虫的生态控制方法,研究甘蓝分别与大蒜、番茄、茼蒿3种非十字花科蔬菜间作对春甘蓝田节肢动物群落的影响。结果表明,甘蓝与大蒜、番茄、茼蒿间作对春甘蓝主要害虫菜青虫和菜蚜均有一定的控制作用。其中,甘蓝与大蒜间作对甘蓝害虫的控制效果最好,同时可显著提高春甘蓝田节肢动物群落的均匀度和多样性,在甘蓝生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

1-MCP处理对巴梨果实采后生理效应及黑皮病的影响

以巴梨果实为试材,经浓度为0.5μL·L^-1的1-MCP处理后,分别在常温20℃和低温0℃条件下贮藏,研究1-MCP对其采后生理及贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,用1-MCP处理巴梨果实,可推迟其在常温及冷藏条件下乙烯释放高峰的出现时间,降低乙烯峰值,较好地维持果实的硬度,极显著（P〈0.05）减缓果皮颜色及果实淀粉的转化速率,减少在冷藏4个月时的黑皮指数,显著降低冷藏过程中真菌性病害的发生率。     

1-MCP与乙烯吸收剂对猕猴桃果实采后生理及品质的影响

[目的]为解决1-MCP和乙烯吸收剂在猕猴桃贮藏保鲜应用上的问题。[方法]以徐香猕猴桃为试材,研究了1-MCP和乙烯吸收剂对果实贮藏期及货架期果实成熟衰老和品质的影响。[结果]结果表明,1-MCP和乙烯吸收剂均显著地抑制了果实乙烯释放、呼吸作用和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性,使果实硬度下降和营养物质消耗趋缓,延长了果实贮藏期和货架期。1-MCP抑制了猕猴桃果实贮藏期和货架期酯类物质的合成,并在货架期积累了较多的醛类和醇类物质,对果实的风味品质有一定不利影响;乙烯吸收剂处理的果实货架期内酯类物质含量上升较快因而具有较好的风味品质。[结论]综合评价,乙烯吸收剂处理可更好地保持猕猴桃贮藏品质。     

1-MCP对贮藏酥梨品质的影响

为了延长贮藏酥梨货架期品质,以酥梨果实为试材,研究了0.5 μL/L和1.0 μL/L 1-MCP 2种浓度对通风库贮藏酥梨货架期品质的影响。处理果实与对照相比,能较好维持原有外观品质;处理果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放量比对照都有所降低。0.5 μL/L处理效果较明显,果实呼吸强度最低比对照降低24%;1 μL/L处理乙烯释放量最低比对照降低53%,0.5 μL/L处理比对照最低下降了31%。1-MCP处理能延缓果实硬度和可溶性固形物的下降,0.5 μL/L处理果实硬度平均比对照高4.6%,1.0 μL/L处理果实硬度平均比处理高8.6%;0.5 μL/L处理果实可溶性固形物含量与对照有明显差异,最低可下降13%。综合来看,0.5 μL/L对延长地下通风库酥梨货架期有较好的效果。     

不同贮藏温度下1-MCP处理对凯特杏采后色泽及品质的影响

采用浓度为1.0μL·L-1的1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理凯特杏果实16 h后,将其分别于（20±0.5）℃和（8±0.5）℃条件下贮藏15 d,研究1-MCP处理对杏果实采后生理、品质及色泽的影响。结果表明,在两种贮藏温度下,与对照相比,1-MCP处理可显著抑制凯特杏果实的呼吸强度及乙烯释放量,有效延迟果实软化和可滴定酸含量的下降,提高果面色泽亮度,抑制果实转黄,提高好果率,8℃贮藏条件下果实的可溶性固形物含量显著高于对照。经1-MCP处理后,（20±0.5）℃下凯特杏果实具有商品性的时间可达7~10 d,（8±0.5）℃下凯特杏果实具有商品性的时间可达15 d。     

1-甲基环丙烯对果蔬贮藏特性的影响

综述了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对果蔬贮藏特性的影响。1-MCP是一种稳定、高效、无毒的乙烯作用抑制剂,1-MCP处理可保持果实贮藏期的硬度,减缓果实可滴定酸含量的损失和VC含量的降低,延缓果实色泽的转化。1-MCP处理能够抑制果实的呼吸强度、乙烯生成量,以及成熟衰老相关酶的活性,从而延缓果实的后熟衰老。1-MCP作用效果受处理温度、果实种类等多种因素的影响,有必要对1-MCP在果实上的应用进行更加系统、深入的研究。     

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)-induced protein expression associated with changes in Tsai Tai (Brassica chinensis) leaves during low temperature storage

Leaf yellowing is an early symptom of senescence and greatly affects the commercial value of leafy vegetable products. The ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been widely studied regarding its effects on senescence, but little is known on how it influences the protein expression profile of leafy vegetables in storage. In this study, by using a proteomic approach, changes in proteomic profile induced by 1-MCP in Tsai Tai (Brassica chinensis) leaves during storage under low but non-freezing temperature were investigated. Compared with the control, 1-MCP treatment inhibited leaf etiolation and reduced weight loss of Tsai Tai stored at 1 °C, indicating that it delayed senescence. Two dimensional electrophoresis revealed 16 differentially accumulated protein spots, 12 of which were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. A comparison between the control and the 1-MCP-treated Tsai Tai showed that 1-MCP enhanced levels of four proteins involved in photosynthesis, i.e. photosystem II protein, oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2, chloroplast ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase and high molecular weight RuBisCO, inhibited malate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, downregulated gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase expression, a key enzyme involved in biosynthesis of active gibberellins, and suppressed glutathione s-transferase, an important scavenger for reactive oxygen species. These results imply that 1-MCP could maintain leaf capacity for carbon assimilation, inhibit the tricarboxylic acid cycle, induce biosynthesis of GAs and reduce levels of reactive oxygen species, which together may have contributed to inhibition of leaf yellowing and delay of senescence.     

采收成熟度对南果梨冷藏后货架期间生理效应的影响

以南果梨为试材,研究了1-MCP处理的不同采收成熟度果实冷藏90天后常温货架期间生理效应的差异。结果表明,对照组9月15日采收的果实,其种子转色指数在96%左右,适合不需1-MCP处理的短期低温贮藏;处理组9月10日采收的果实,其种子转色指数在71%左右,冷藏90天后,常温货架期间的各项指标均好于其它两个采收成熟度,说明1-MCP对适时采收的果实处理效果最好,可显著延缓南果梨果实的衰老进程,防止褐变的发生,9月10日采收成熟度的果实适合经1-MCP处理中长期冷藏后的常温货架保鲜。     

1-MCP extends the storage and shelf life of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit were harvested when the peel (pericarp) was light greenish yellow with scattered pinkish spots. Fruit were exposed to 1 μL L⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h at 25 °C and were then stored at 25 °C (control) or 15 °C. The 1-MCP treatment only temporarily delayed softening of the fruit flesh, during storage. Storage life, defined as the time until the pericarp was dark purple, was much longer in fruit stored at 15 °C than in fruit stored at 25 °C. It was also longer in 1-MCP treated fruit (storage life at 15 °C: control 18 d, 1-MCP-treated fruit 27 d). The 1-MCP treatment also increased the length of shelf life, defined as the time until the pericarp turned blackish purple or showed calyx wilting, at 25 °C. 1-MCP treatment reduced ethylene production. It also reduced pericarp levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and the pericarp activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). In the fruit flesh, in contrast, 1-MCP did not affect ACC levels and ACS activity, but the treatment reduced ACO activity. Taken together, both the storage life and the shelf life of the fruit were extended by the 1-MCP treatment. A decrease in ACO activity largely accounted for the effects of the 1-MCP on ethylene production in the pericarp.     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening of ‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums

‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums were treated with 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C for 20 h following harvest before 0 °C storage. After 5 days storage for apricots and 10 days for plums and after 30 days storage for both, fruit were moved to 20 °C for ripening. In addition, apricots were stored for 20 days and then treated with 1-MCP concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 nl l⁻¹ at removal and held for ripening. Ethylene production and respiration rate, as well as fruit quality of apricots varied with treatment. Ethylene production was efficiently inhibited by 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-MCP in fruit treated after storage but not in fruit treated before storage. Fruit softening was associated with ethylene production and affected by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner when treated after storage, while 1-MCP did not affect softening in prestorage treated fruit. The color change of fruit was ethylene-independent and not affected by 1-MCP. Internal flesh browning was decreased by 1-MCP regardless of the concentration when treated after storage, while it was enhanced in fruit treated before storage. Decay development in apricots was decreased by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner. Ethylene production and respiration in ‘Royal Zee’ plums was greatly inhibited by 1-MCP during ripening after both short-term (10 day) and long term (30 day) storage. Parameters associated with ripening processes were decreased significantly by 1-MCP, including softening, color change, and loss of titratable acidity. These data demonstrate that 1-MCP has potential to delay ripening of apricots and plums, but the cultivar, maturity of fruit, and time of application must be chosen carefully. It is suggested that 1-MCP is more efficient for extending the shelf life and improving the quality of ‘Canino’ apricots directly marketed or after storage, whereas it might be a potent compound for extending both storage period and shelf life of ‘Royal Zee’ plums.     

UV-C复合热处理或1-MCP处理对西兰花保鲜效果的研究

以采后西兰花为试材,研究UV-C与热处理、1-MCP单独或复合处理对西兰花采后冷藏及货架期间品质的影响。结果表明,在冷藏(0℃)前,采用UV-C照射与热处理、1-MCP单独或复合处理,对西兰花在冷藏65 d和货架5 d期间的感官品质和营养成分均具有较好的保鲜效果。其中以0.25μL/L的1-MCP熏蒸20 h及复合UV-C照射600 s对西兰花的护绿、抑制花蕾开放以及保持VC和叶绿素含量的效果显著好于其他处理,感官品质评价总分较高;45℃热水处理5 min及复合UV-C照射处理对控制西兰花腐烂率的效果较好。     

贮后催熟处理对南果梨果实生理品质的影响

以南果梨为试材,研究不同浓度（0、0．6、0．9、1．2、1．5、1．8mg／L）的乙烯利催熟处理对冷藏（0℃）60d后1-MCP处理（浓度1．0μL／L）及未处理的果实在35d货架期间生理品质的影响,以确定采后经不同处理的果实冷藏后适宜的乙烯利催熟浓度。结果表明．采用0．9mL／L浓度的乙烯利催熟未经1-MCP处理的冷藏南果梨果实硬度最低、丙二醛含量和膜相对透性最高,加速了果实的后熟进程,催熟效果最好;采用1．5mL／L浓度的乙烯利催熟经1—MCP处理的冷藏果实硬度最低,丙二醛含量、呼吸强度和乙烯释放量最高．使果实最早进入了适宜食用期,催熟效果显著好于其他处理。     

1-MCP对丰水梨果实的保鲜效果

比较了不同剂量1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)处理对丰水梨果实的保鲜效果。结果表明,无论是常温贮藏还是冷库低温贮藏,在贮前进行1-MCP处理,都可以显著抑制丰水梨贮藏过程中果实硬度的下降,防止果实腐烂;冷藏条件下还可显著抑制丰水梨可滴定酸含量的降低,使果实的风味和品质好于同期对照,延长果实的货架寿命,提高贮藏质量。不同剂量1-MCP处理对丰水梨果实的保鲜效果无显著差异。     

The effect of CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on the regulation of postharvest senescence of mint,Mentha longifolia L.

The regulatory effects of 5 kPa CO₂ and of the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 0.5 μmol/l on the senescence of harvested mint, Mentha longifolia L. were assessed. Visual parameters of senescence including yellowing, browning, decay and leaf abscission were recorded and scored on scales linking the onset and progression of senescence to marketability. The effects of plant age on the rate of postharvest senescence and on the efficacy of the CO₂ and 1-MCP treatments were also investigated. All experiments were repeated with and without the presence of exogenous ethylene. Two experimental formats were used, with 6 days storage at room temperature representing local market conditions, and 6 days cold storage at 1.5 °C followed by 4 days at room temperature representing export market conditions. Sprigs from old plants were no longer of marketable quality after 6 days storage at room temperature. Exogenous ethylene accelerated the onset of senescence causing unacceptably high rates of leaf abscission. Raised levels of CO₂ in a controlled atmosphere system were found to be more effective in inhibiting senescence without the presence of exogenous ethylene than pre-treatment with 1-MCP, and no additive effect was found. However in the presence of exogenous ethylene, a combined treatment with 1-MCP together with raised CO₂ levels resulted in a significant additive effect in nullifying the ethylene-induced leaf abscission. Respiration rates as measured by CO₂ production, and ethylene production, were recorded throughout all experiments. While CO₂ levels were not affected by any experimental treatment, ethylene production was elevated in mint sprigs exposed to an initial dose of gaseous 1-MCP, and was further increased under a combined treatment of 1-MCP together with 5 kPa CO₂. However in the presence of exogenous ethylene, CO₂ strongly suppressed the 1-MCP induced ethylene production.     

1-MCP处理对明珠、贵妃梨货架期间品质的影响

用1-MCP对明珠梨和贵妃梨进行熏蒸处理后于室温中贮存,研究1-MCP处理对明珠梨和贵妃梨果实货架期间品质的影响。结果表明：1-MCP处理能够延缓果实的后熟与衰老,延长果实的货架期,保持其品质和风味,降低其腐烂率。     

圆黄梨和黄金梨的贮藏保鲜试验研究

结合新型乙烯抑制剂1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)和温度预处理,对圆黄梨和黄金梨的贮藏特性进行试验研究。结果表明,无论是常温贮藏还是冷库低温贮藏,在贮前进行1-MCP处理和适当的温度预处理,都可以显著抑制果实贮藏过程中的软化和可滴定酸含量的下降,使果实的风味和品质好于同期对照,延长果实的贮藏寿命,提高贮藏质量。不同剂量1-MCP处理对圆黄梨和黄金梨果实的保鲜效果无显著差异。过度热处理会加重果实腐烂和褐变,预处理温度以35℃为宜。     

不同采后处理对‘阿巴特’西洋梨果实冷藏后货架期品质的影响

为探讨西洋梨低温贮藏出库后常温货架期期间的品质变化问题,将采后不同处理的‘阿巴特’西洋梨果实在低温(0±0.5)℃冷藏120 天后再进行常温(25℃)货架5 天的品质研究。对‘阿巴特’西洋梨进行普通包果纸包果处理、壳聚糖涂被纸包果处理、壳聚糖涂被处理、1 μL/L 1-MCP处理、热水处理、热水+果蜡处理、果蔬洗涤剂处理、果蔬洗涤剂+果蜡处理、二苯胺处理(0.20%)、乙氧基喹处理（浓度分别为0.10%、0.20%和0.30%）,研究其在冷藏后货架期间果实虎皮病和好果、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、pH等品质变化。不同处理的‘阿巴特’果实在货架期间的外观、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量和pH均为极显著变化。1-MCP处理和热水处理的‘阿巴特’在降低虎皮病发生和保持好果率方面的效果优于其他处理;1-MCP处理、果蔬洗涤剂+果蜡处理的‘阿巴特’在货架期间均提高了果实的果肉硬度,热水+果蜡处理、普通包果纸包果处理、0.20%二苯胺处理的‘阿巴特’均在货架后期保持了果实的果肉硬度;壳聚糖涂被处理的‘阿巴特’在货架初期提高了果实的可溶性固形物含量。1-MCP处理在预防货架期虎皮病发生、提高好果率、保持果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和pH等方面的综合效果高于其他处理。     

1-MCP处理对珊夏苹果贮藏品质的影响

以珊夏苹果果实为试材,研究了500nL·L^-1、1000nL·L^-1和1500nL·L^-1浓度的1-MCP处理对果实冷藏期间硬度等贮藏品质的影响,并对果实冷藏100天后货架期期间的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和果肉白度进行了分析。试验结果表明,3个浓度的1-MCP处理均可明显地降低果实在冷藏期间呼吸强度与乙烯释放速率,对于延缓珊夏果实冷藏期间和冷藏100天后货架期间的果肉硬度、可滴定酸含量和果肉白度的下降有明显的效果;在3个处理浓度中,500nL·L^-1与1500nL·L^-1浓度处理效果优于1000nL·L^-1的1-MCP处理效果。     

1-MCP处理对绿宝石梨保鲜效果的研究

研究了常温（20℃）与冷藏（0℃）条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对绿宝石梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,绿宝石梨属非呼吸跃变型果实,1-MCP处理降低了果实乙烯释放量和呼吸强度,能较好地保持果实硬度,但对果实可溶性固形物与可滴定酸含量无影响。1-MCP处理对绿宝石梨果柄保鲜效果显著,1.0μL·L^-1 1-MCP处理加重了果实真菌病害的发生,对照果实冷藏120天后货架7天后出现轻微的果皮黑点病。     

1-MCP处理对丽江雪桃低温贮藏品质的影响

以丽江雪桃为试验材料,研究其分别经0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0μL／L浓度的1-MCP处理后,放置在（3±1）℃冷藏条件下贮藏27d及货架3d（16＋2）℃的品质变化情况。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够延缓在低温贮藏条件下丽江雪桃的后熟和衰老进程．显著降低果肉褐变指数．较好地保持果实中可滴定酸含量,维持果实硬度,抑制失重率的增加,提高果实品质。其中。以2汕L,L浓度的1-MCP处理对保持果实硬度和可滴定酸含量、抑制失重的效果要好于其他处理,控制果肉褐变以1μL／L浓度的1-MCP处理效果为好。各浓度的1-MCP处理对可溶性固形物含量的变化无明显影响。