青海梅花鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场71头梅花鹿公鹿3项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:被检青海梅花鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为(4.2±0.7)mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为(28.3±4.1)mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为(70.5±10.6)mmol/L。按全血钾离子浓度和红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海梅花鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

青海白唇鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场18头白唇鹿公鹿三项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:①被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为3.7±0.8mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为27.4±3.0mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为75.4±10.1mmol/L;②按红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

青海细毛羊红细胞钾型的初步研究

采用火焰光度测定法对青海细毛羊红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现：青海细毛羊红细胞钾浓度存在多态性，ＨＫ和ＬＫ型羊分别占８．２７％和９１．７８％，Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．２８６７和０．７１３３，同时还讨论了绵羊钾型与血红蛋白型、血清钾和钠浓度的关系。     

青海细毛羊血钾型与生产性状的相关性研究

Evans等（1955）首先在英国绵羊中发现红细胞钾浓度不是呈正态分布,而是呈现高血钾和低血钾两区,彼此间界限分明,互不重迭而表现为高血钾（HK）和低血钾（LK）两种表型,同时证明绵羊的血钾型是受遗传控制的。此后,各国学者对绵羊血钾型的品种特点、地区差异及其与生产性状、环境适应性的关系等方面进行了广泛深入的研究。而张才骏等对青海高原的青海细毛羊血钾型进行了研究报道,但目前尚无青海省细毛羊血钾型与生产性状间的相关性研究。鉴此,笔者对青海细毛羊血钾型与生产性状进行了研究,以揭示青海高原细毛羊血钾型多态性的特征,为高原绵羊的种质研究提供基础资料。     

青海半细毛羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海半细毛羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现：青海半细毛羊的红细胞浓度存在ＨＫ和ＬＫ两种表型,其频率分别为２２．２２％和７２．７８％,Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．４７１４和０．５２８６。     

青海欧拉羊红细胞钾型的研究

青海欧拉羊是草地型藏羊中的一个特殊品系 ,是以产肉为主、肉皮毛兼用的一种粗毛羊。早期发育快 ,产肉性能高 ,成活在高寒阴冷、气候恶劣、海拔在 3 40 0～ 480 0m的地方。在青海主要分布在黄南州的河南县、泽库县、果洛州的久治县等地。我们对青海的欧拉羊红细胞钾浓度型的特征进行了研究 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料和方法试验动物 :从青海省河南县群众自繁的纯种欧拉羊群中选取 10 0只作为试验羊 ,其中公羊 70只 ,母羊 3 0只。试验羊终年放牧饲养 ,生活地海拔 3 80 0m。血样采集 :早上出牧前从欧拉羊颈静脉采集血样 2份 ,各5mL。一份用…     

岩羊的红细胞钾型和血红蛋白型

采用火焰光度法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对岩羊的红细胞钾型和血红蛋白型进行研究。结果发现：按绵羊中的判定标准,被检岩羊全部呈现高血钾型和单一的ＨＢＢＢ型。     

青海藏獒血液蛋白质和红细胞钾浓度多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和火焰光度计法对２１条青海藏獒的血红蛋白，亲血蛋白和红细胞钾浓度的多态性进行了研究。结果表明：１．藏獒的血红蛋白呈单态，现显单一的ＨＢＢＢ型，基相对迁移率为３９．２９％；２．亲血色蛋白有ＨＰ＾＋和ＨＰＯ两种表型；其表型频率分别为０．９０４８和０．０９５２；（３）红细胞钾浓度呈现单一的低血钾型。     

乐都山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对７５只乐都山羊的红细胞钾型进行了调查研究。结果发现：①按红细胞钾浓度，乐都山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，以高钾为优势表型（８８％）；②高钾型山羊的红细胞钾浓度在４３．５９￣８１．３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间，低钾型的在９．３７￣２１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间；③Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．９３８７和０．０６１９，基因杂合度为０．１１６１。     

柴达木黄牛和青海东部黄牛红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对２３８头柴达木黄牛和２６３头于海东部黄牛的红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现：①柴达木黄牛全部为低血钾型，而青海东部黄牛有高血钾和低血钾两种表型；②青海东部黄牛的Ｋ＾Ｌ和Ｋ＾ｈ基因频率分别为０．８２６和０．１７４。     

夏洛来杂种羊红细胞钾型的初步研究

采用火焰光度法对海北州牧科所优良种畜繁殖场,９０只夏洛来杂种羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究,结果发现夏洛来杂种羊红细胞钾浓度存在多态性,存在ＨＫ和ＬＫ两种类型,高钾型羊３５只（３８．８９％）,低钾型羊５５只（６１．１１％）,Ｋｈ和ＫＬ等位基因频率分别为０．６２３６和０．３７６４。     

海南藏羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对海南州９０只藏羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果：高钾型羊６３只（７０％）,低钾型羊２７只（３０％）,Ｋｈ和ＫＬ等位基因频率分别为０．８３６７和０．１６３３     

三角城藏羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度测定法对青海省三角城种羊场１０１只藏羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究，结果发现高钾型羊８０只（７９．２１％），低钾型羊２１只（２０．７９％），Ｋ￣ｂ和Ｋ￣Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．８９００和０．１１００，同时还讨论了藏羊红细胞钾型与血红蛋白型的关系。     

日粮中添加葡萄皮渣对绵羊生长性能、器官指数及血液生化指标的影响

本研究在绵羊日粮中添加一定量的葡萄皮渣,旨在研究其对绵羊生长性能、器官指数及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取24只5月龄、体重25 kg左右的杜泊羊×小尾寒羊杂交公羊,采用完全随机设计分为4组,每组6只,分别饲喂不同葡萄皮渣添加水平（0、5%、10%、20%）日粮。结果表明,10%添加组日增重（ADG）显著高于0、5%添加组（P<0.05）;10%添加组肝脏及肾脏重量显著高于0、5%添加组（P<0.05）;10%和20%添加组的大肠重量显著高于其他两组（P<0.05）;添加葡萄皮渣能极显著增加皱胃重量（P<0.01）。适量添加葡萄皮渣能显著提高绵羊血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,其中以10%添加水平最高（P<0.05）;谷丙转氨酶（ALT）与谷草转氨酶（AST）变化趋势相同,均以5%添加组最低,显著低于0、20%添加组（P<0.05）;与未添加组相比,5%添加组绵羊血清肌酐（CRE）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,而总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）明显提高（P<0.05）;过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性以20%添加组最高,显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。由以上结果可知,日粮中添加一定量的葡萄皮渣可提高绵羊日增重,促进肝脏、肾脏及消化器官的发育,增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,提高血清抗氧化水平。综合各个指标,葡萄皮渣添加量以10%为宜。     

Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace on Growth Performance,Organ Index and Blood Biochemical Indexes in Sheep

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of grape pomace on growth performance,organ index and blood biochemical indexes in sheep.A total of 24 hybrid 5-month-old Dorper (♂)×Small Tail Han sheep (♀) F1 male lambs weighted at 25 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 lambs per group.All these sheep were fed diets with the addition of grape pomace at 0,5%,10%,20% on a dry weight basis, respectively.The results showed that the ADG in group 10% was extremely significantly higher than that in group 0 and 5% (P<0.01),and the weights of liver and kidney in group 10% were notably higher than that in group 0 and 5% (P<0.05).The weights of large intestinein in group 10% and 20% were obviously higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05).The weights of abomasum were extremely significantly increased in grape pomace supplemental groups (P<0.01).Grape pomace could significantly improve serum HDL-C,and it was the highest in group 10% (P<0.05).ALT and AST had the same variation trend,they were the lowest in group 5%,and the values in group 5% were significantly lower than that in group 0 and 20% (P<0.05).Compared with group 0,the serum CRE in group 5% was significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the serum T-AOC significantly improved (P<0.05).The CAT enzyme activity was highest in group 20%,it was higher than the other groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,adding grape pomace properly could improve ADG,promote development of liver,kidney and digestive organs,increas serum HDL-C level,and improv the level of serum antioxidant.Taking all factors into account,dietary supplementation with 10% of grape pomace was advisable.     

湟源县青海半细毛羊全血铁含量测定

对湟源县 5 0只青海半细毛羊全血铁含量进行了测定。结果表明 :湟源县青海半细毛羊全血铁含量为8 46mmol/L。公母组间的全血铁含量无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。     

日粮中添加不同比例棉副产品对绵羊生产性能、营养物质消化率及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例棉副产品对绵羊生产性能、养分表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响。选取30只健康巴尔楚克绵羊,随机分为5组,每组6只羊,各组分别饲喂由配合精料50%分别与50%麦秸（对照组）、25%麦秸和25%棉秸（Ⅰ组）、50%棉秸（Ⅱ组）、45%棉秸和5%棉籽（Ⅲ组）、40%棉秸和10%棉籽（Ⅳ组）混合的颗粒饲料,试验期60 d。结果显示：①绵羊总增重、平均日增重随着棉花秸秆添加比例的增加而降低,其中Ⅱ组绵羊总增重、平均日增重最低,显著低于Ⅲ组（P<0.05）;②日粮中添加不同比例的棉副产品后绵羊瘤胃液氨态氮出现不同程度的升高或降低,各组间总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）、丙酸浓度无显著差异（P>0.05）;③各试验组粪氮、尿氮和摄入氮量无显著差异（P>0.05）,而中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率随着棉副产品添加比例的增加极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;④棉副产品添加比例对绵羊血液中白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、血清铁、钠、氯、钾含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）,但随着棉副产品比例的增加,绵羊血液中镁的浓度显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述,日粮中棉副产品添加量达到50%时,其游离棉酚浓度超过300 mg/kg,对绵羊的生产性能及健康具有一定负面影响,棉花秸秆添加量控制在低于25%的范围为宜。     

Effects of Different Dietary Cotton by-products Levels on Production Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Sheep

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary cotton by-products levels on production performance,nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes of sheep.30 healthy sheep were chosen and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 sheep per group. The feed of each group was that 50% formula concentrate feed was mixed with 50% wheat straw (control group),25% wheat straw and 25% cotton stalk (group Ⅰ),50% cotton stalk (group Ⅱ),45% cotton stalk and 5% cotton seed (group Ⅲ),and 40% cotton stalk and 10% cotton seed(group Ⅳ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 d. The result showed that:① The total weight gain and ADG of sheep showed a decreased with the increase of cotton stalk added proportion in the diets, and the total weight gain and ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than group Ⅲ (P<0.05).② The concentration of NH₃-N was increased or decreased at different levels after adding different proportions of cotton by-products,and the TVFA and propionic acid concentration were not significantly affected (P>0.05).③ There was no significant difference of intake nitrogen, fecal nutrogen and uninary nitrogen among groups (P>0.05),but apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF showed a downward trend with the increase of cotton by-products added proportion in the diets,which were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01).④ There were no significant differences among groups of the blood white cell count,red cell count,hemoglobin concentration,total protein,albumin,globulin,serum iron,sodium,chlorine and potassium content (P>0.05),but serum magnesium was significantly increased with increases of gossypol content in the diets (P<0.05). In conclusion,when the cotton by-products addition level in diets reaches 50% caused the free gossypol concentration in the feed more than 300 mg/kg, it would has certain negative effects on the production performance and health of sheep,and the cotton stalks add ratio in the diet should be controlled in the range of lower than 25%.