2002年江苏省二化螟抗药性检测及治理

20 0 2年应用点滴法普查了江苏常熟、锡山、武进、句容、姜堰、高邮、楚州、宿豫、灌云及连云港 10县 (市 ) 12个二化螟种群 4龄幼虫对 4种 (类 )杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明 ,供试种群对沙蚕毒素类农药杀虫单已普遍产生抗性 ,且苏南种群的抗性水平高于苏北 ,常熟为最高 ( 16倍 ) ;对有机磷类农药三唑磷苏南地区种群为低水平抗性 ,其他地区均属敏感水平。目前二化螟供试种群对苯基吡唑类农药氟虫腈和抗生素类农药阿维菌素未产生抗药性。本文还对二化螟抗性治理对策进行了讨论。     

2017—2019年江西省二化螟种群对四种杀虫剂的抗性

为明确近年来江西省二化螟种群对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平,提出合理化用药建议,本研究采用人工饲料浸药法测定2017—2019年江西省13个县(市)二化螟田间种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、三唑磷和杀虫单的抗性。结果表明,13个二化螟种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性水平整体为中等至高水平抗性,其中有11个二化螟种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性水平整体为上升趋势,在对氯虫苯甲酰胺抗性水平增加的种群中,都昌种群的抗性倍数从2017年的44.1倍上升至2018年的65.1倍,在2019年激增至高水平抗性,抗性倍数为283.5倍,为供试种群的最高抗性倍数。13个二化螟种群对阿维菌素的抗性水平整体为中等偏下,在对阿维菌素抗性水平增加的种群中,南昌种群的抗性倍数最高,2017—2019年分别为74.8倍、108.7倍和80.6倍。13个二化螟种群对三唑磷的抗性水平整体为中等偏下,其中新干、永修、万安、大余、上高和都昌这6个种群对三唑磷的抗性水平呈波动上升的趋势,而其他7个种群对三唑磷的抗性水平为波动性变化,偶有下降。13个二化螟种群对杀虫单的抗性水平整体为中等偏下并且有明显下降趋势,其中大余、永修、泰和、会昌、新干和上高这...     

山东省不同地区棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性检测及酶抑制剂的增效作用研究

为明确山东省棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性水平,采用毛细管微量点滴法测定了泰安、聊城和东营3个田间种群及1个敏感种群对吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、噻虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性,同时测定了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和增效醚(PBO)3种酶抑制剂的增效作用。结果表明:泰安棉蚜种群对烯啶虫胺的抗性倍数为16.95,处于中等抗性水平,对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的抗性倍数分别为5.69和9.57,已产生低水平抗性,对噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的抗性倍数均小于3.0,仍较敏感;聊城棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为28.51、25.88和18.16,属中等抗性水平,对噻虫啉和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为6.01和6.37,已产生低水平抗性,对烯啶虫胺仍处于敏感阶段;东营棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为37.95、21.52和12.95,已产生中等水平抗性,对噻虫啉、烯啶虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为7.07、6.38和4.75,处于低水平抗性阶段。多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO和羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP对6种供试新烟碱类杀虫剂的增效作用明显,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶抑制剂DEM对这6种药剂也具有一定的增效作用。研究表明,山东省泰安等3地区棉蚜种群对6种新烟碱类杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗药性,多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶可能在棉蚜对该类杀虫剂的抗性中起主要作用,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶可能也具有一定的作用。     

河南省部分地区麦田荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性水平及抗性靶标分子机制

为明确河南省部分地区麦田荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris对苯磺隆的抗性水平及抗性靶标分子机制,采用整株生物法测定了12个荠菜种群的抗性水平,并对乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)离体活性和ALS基因突变进行了测定分析。结果表明,商丘市民权县花园村(MQ)、周口市西华县小于楼村(XH)、平顶山市叶县穆寨村(YX)、许昌市长葛市董庄村(CG)采集的荠菜种群对苯磺隆产生了较高的抗性,GR_(50)分别为129.14、110.67、62.91和85.29 g/hm~2,抗性倍数分别为215.23、184.45、104.85和142.15倍;ALS离体活性测定所得I_(50)分别为5.85、4.87、1.38和3.83μmol/L,抗性倍数分别为83.57、69.57、19.71和54.71倍;其余8个种群的GR_(50)在0.60~2.86 g/hm~2之间,抗性倍数在1.00~4.77之间;I_(50)在0.07~0.37μmol/L之间,抗性倍数在1.00~5.29之间。荠菜种群MQ、XH的ALS基因Domain A区域第197位脯氨酸(CCT)均突变为丝氨酸(TCT),荠菜种群CG的第197位脯氨酸(CCT)突变为亮氨酸(CTT),表明靶标ALS基因突变是荠菜对苯磺隆产生抗性的重要原因之一,但荠菜种群YX的ALS基因保守区内暂未发现突变位点,其抗药性可能由其它原因造成。     

宁夏地区烟粉虱对5种常用杀虫剂的抗药性

采用浸叶法分别测定了宁夏8个地区烟粉虱成虫田间种群对4类5种杀虫剂的抗性.结果 表明,供试烟粉虱种群对高效氯氰菊酯已产生了中等至极高水平抗性,抗性倍数为33.31～227.98倍;对烯啶虫胺产生了中等至高水平抗性,抗性倍数为12.14～69.33倍;对毒死蜱和吡虫啉产生了低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为7.63～38....     

浙江省二化螟不同种群和大螟对三唑磷的敏感性研究

于2004年用点滴法测定了浙江杭州地区(富阳和余杭)和嘉兴地区(平湖、秀城和秀洲)二化螟、杭州富阳大螟等种群4龄幼虫对三唑磷的敏感性,以及各种群体内与抗药性相关酶系(多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶等)的比活力。结果证实上述地区二化螟种群对三唑磷产生了21.1~218.8倍的抗性,其中以富阳和平湖种群的抗性水平较高。二化螟体内多功能氧化酶活性与三唑磷抗性水平呈显著正相关,而乙酰胆碱酯酶活性则呈显著负相关,表明二化螟对三唑磷的抗性可能与多功能氧化酶活性增强和乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感性降低有关。大螟富阳种群对三唑磷的敏感性明显高于二化螟富阳种群,其抗性机制还有待研究。     

直播稻田牛筋草对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶类除草剂抗性水平及其分子机制

为明确直播稻田牛筋草对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 (ACCase) 类除草剂的抗药性水平及其抗性产生的分子机制,采用整株生物测定法测定了牛筋草对6种ACCase类除草剂的抗性水平,并分别对抗性种群和敏感种群的ACCase基因部分片段进行了扩增和测序。结果表明:疑似抗性种群SJ-1对唑酰草胺、氰氟草酯、精唑禾草灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵和烯禾啶产生了高水平抗性,其抗性倍数分别为56.6、62.5、128、52.0和16.3;对烯草酮产生了低水平抗性,相对抗性倍数为4.86。将抗性种群和敏感种群的ACCase基因片段序列进行比对分析发现,SJ-1种群ACCase基因2078位氨基酸由天冬氨酸 (GAT) 突变为甘氨酸 (GGT),该位点氨基酸突变可能是其对ACCase类除草剂产生抗药性的主要原因之一。     

北京地区粘虫对5种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用浸叶法测定了北京地区6个粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)田间种群对5种不同类型杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明:与相对敏感品系相比,6个田间种群对5种杀虫剂均表现出不同程度的抗性水平。其中,对氯虫苯甲酰胺(抗性倍数为1.314~4.213)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(抗性倍数为1.000~4.385)和毒死蜱(抗性倍数为1.083~5.936)表现为敏感至低水平抗性;对虫螨腈(抗性倍数为1.355~20.80)和氯氟氰菊酯(抗性倍数为1.748~13.98)表现为敏感至中等水平抗性。因此,北京地区的粘虫防治应注重将氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和毒死蜱与虫螨腈或氯氟氰菊酯交替或轮换使用,以延缓抗药性的产生与发展。     

河南省麦田荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性及其交互抗性

为明确河南省荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris种群对苯磺隆的抗性水平及其可能存在的抗性机理,应用整株法测定了采自驻马店及南阳等6个荠菜发生严重市的10个荠菜种群对苯磺隆的抗性,扩增和比对了荠菜苯磺隆抗性种群及敏感种群之间靶标酶乙酰乳酸合成酶基因ALS的差异,并使用单剂量法测定了以上种群对双氟磺草胺、啶磺草胺及氟唑磺隆等ALS抑制剂类除草剂的交互抗性。结果表明,驻马店市的汝南县冯湾村(ZMD-1)及平舆县五里路村(ZMD-3)荠菜种群对苯磺隆的抗性倍数分别为3.1和2.5,表现出低水平抗性;驻马店市汝南县赖楼村(ZMD-2)和周口市川汇区文庄村(ZK-1)荠菜种群对苯磺隆的抗性倍数分别为21.7和57.8,表现出高水平抗性;南阳市唐河县上屯村(NY-2)荠菜种群对苯磺隆的抗性倍数为116.5,表现出极高水平抗性,其它种群对苯磺隆仍然较敏感。NY-2、ZMD-2和ZK-1种群的ALS基因第197位氨基酸由脯氨酸(CCT)分别突变为丝氨酸(TCT)、丙氨酸(GCT)和亮氨酸(CTT),其它种群中均未发现有突变产生;这3个种群在氟唑磺隆推荐剂量处理下,死亡率仅为18.9%、23.3%和11.1%,说明已对氟唑磺隆产生了较高水平的交互抗性,其中NY-2种群对双氟磺草胺和啶磺草胺产生了低水平交互抗性,推荐剂量下死亡率分别为82.2%和83.1%。表明ALS基因突变很可能是导致荠菜种群对苯磺隆等ALS抑制剂类除草剂产生抗性的重要原因。     

华北棉区棉铃虫对三种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确华北棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性,于2014—2015年和2018—2019年分别采集河南、河北、山东和山西4个省的棉铃虫田间种群,采用浸叶法于室内测定棉铃虫对辛硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐的抗性水平。结果表明,各监测点棉铃虫对辛硫磷处于中等水平抗性,在2014—2015年和2018—2019年的抗性倍数分别为13.0~58.5倍和21.1~55.3倍,棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性发展相对缓慢;各监测点棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯已产生中等至高水平抗性,并呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖种群的抗性倍数由2014年的61.0倍、22.5倍和24.0倍上升至2019年的91.1倍、44.7倍和61.3倍,山东夏津种群的抗性最高,2019年抗性倍数达到216.3倍;棉铃虫种群对甲维盐表现为低至中等水平抗性,河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖和山东夏津种群的抗性倍数分别为8.2~40.4倍、5.8~16.6倍、5.5~23.4倍和11.0~36.6倍。表明4个监测地区的棉铃虫田间种群对3种杀虫剂已经产生了不同程度的抗性,建议减少这3种杀虫剂的使用频次,并注意与其他杀虫剂交替轮换使用,以延缓棉铃虫抗药性的发展。     

Cross-resistance potential of fipronil in Musca domestica

The toxicity of fipronil to insecticide-susceptible houseflies and the cross-resistance potential of fipronil were determined for six insecticide-resistant laboratory housefly strains by topical application and feeding bioassay. The insecticide-resistant strains represented different levels and patterns of resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and organochlorines. Five strains were almost susceptible to fipronil in feeding bioassay with resistance factors at LC50 between 0.36 and 3.0. Four of these strains were almost susceptible to topically applied fipronil (resistance factors at LD50 were 0.55, 0.83, 3.3 and 2.5, respectively), whereas one strain was 13-fold resistant to topically applied fipronil. A highly gamma-HCH-resistant strain, 17e, was 430-fold resistant to fipronil in topical application bioassay and 23-fold resistant in feeding bioassay at LD50/LC50. We also tested the toxicity of fipronil in a feeding bioassay and gamma-HCH in topical application bioassay on thirteen housefly field populations. Eleven of the field populations had resistance factors for fipronil ranging from 0.98 to 2.4 at LC50, whereas two populations were 4.0- and 4.6-fold resistant to fipronil. The resistance level to gamma-HCH at LD50 in the field populations ranged from 1.8- to 8.1-fold. The two strains showing fipronil resistance were 3.4- and 8.1-fold resistant to gamma-HCH. Fipronil and gamma-HCH toxicities were positively correlated in the field populations. Biochemical assays of esterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase indicated that the low fipronil resistance observed in laboratory and field strains could be caused by elevated detoxification or be due to a target-site resistance mechanism with cross-resistance to gamma-HCH.     

褐飞虱对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗性监测

2005年10月至2007年10月,用稻茎浸渍法测定12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的敏感性。结果表明：12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉均达高或极高水平抗性;除2005年南宁、韶关和阳江,2006年阳江及2007年永州5个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮仍处于敏感水平外,其余种群处于敏感性降低或达到低水平抗性;而2006年阳江褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈处于敏感性降低阶段,其余的8个种群均达到了低或中等水平抗性。     

中国水稻主产区褐飞虱对3种杀虫剂的抗性监测

2006-2009年,用稻茎浸渍法连续监测了广西南宁市、广东阳江市、湖南东安县、福建福清市、江西上高县、湖北孝感市、浙江金华市、江苏通州市和安徽和县共9个地区褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗性变化。结果表明:褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉的抗性仍处于高水平至极高水平抗性阶段(105.5~459.7倍),但2009年监测到东安、孝感、上高种群对吡虫啉的抗性已有下降趋势;褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈的抗性有增长趋势,2006到2009年褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈由敏感至低水平抗性(<6.9倍)发展到了中水平至高水平抗性(13.5~43.3倍);由于2005年吡虫啉在高抗地区的禁用,褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮的抗性上升速度加快,2009年已处于低水平至中水平抗性阶段(7.0~14.4倍)。这表明在吡虫啉、氟虫腈被禁用后,大面积单一使用噻嗪酮进行防治,褐飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性有可能加速发展。     

灰飞虱对几种杀虫剂的抗性

采用稻苗浸渍法测定了灰飞虱对7种常用杀虫剂的抗性。2011年监测了我国江苏、浙江、安徽三省9个灰飞虱种群对噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、高效氯氰菊酯及氟虫腈的抗性。结果表明:灰飞虱对噻虫嗪都处于敏感阶段(0.6~2.2倍);对烯啶虫胺处于敏感阶段(0.8~3.0倍);对毒死蜱产生了中-高水平抗性(17.5~83.6倍);对吡蚜酮为敏感到低水平抗性(1.9~5.5倍);对噻嗪酮的抗性为高-极高水平(136.4~271.1倍);对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性为低-中等水平(5.2~34.9倍);对氟虫腈为低水平抗性(0.9~8.0倍)。基于灰飞虱对7种药剂的抗性情况,对田间治理灰飞虱合理使用药剂进行了讨论。     

氟虫腈在中药材薏苡仁中的田间残留消解动态

研究了氟虫腈在薏苡Coix lacryma-jobi仁中的残留消解动态,并对其安全使用标准进行了讨论。浙江泰顺和缙云两地的田间试验结果表明,在薏苡生长的不同时期,分别用常规(30 g/hm2)和1.5倍(45 g/hm2)剂量氟虫腈处理两次,其在薏苡仁中的消解半衰期分别为9.0~10.2 d (泰顺)和10.8~11.3 d (缙云)。最终残留试验表明,在薏苡仁收获前14 d (泰顺)或7 d (缙云)按30 g/hm2有效剂量施药,收获前30 d (泰顺)或21 d (缙云)按 45 g/hm2 有效剂量施药,氟虫腈的最终残留量均低于 0.01 mg/kg。综合多方面因素,按照常规有效剂量30 g/hm2处理,建议氟虫腈在薏苡上最后一次施药距收获的安全间隔期可考虑暂定为30 d。     

Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against pyrethroid‐ and organophosphate‐resistant populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptible S. litura and two field‐collected populations. RESULTS: The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P < 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively. CONCLUSION: Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Resistance in field populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amrasca devastans</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to new insecticides in Southern Punjab,Pakistan

Cotton jassid, Amrasca devastans (Distant), is an economically important pest of various crops (i.e. cotton, okra, brinjal) and has the potential to become resistant against insecticides due to the intense use of insecticides in the region which entails high selection pressure. To monitor the resistance levels against recently used new chemistry insecticides (nitenpyram, spirotetramat, chlorfenapyr, fipronil, emamectin benzoate, sulfoxaflor, and flonicamid), four field populations of A. devastans collected from Khanewal, Multan, Muzaffargarh and Lodhran districts were examined by leaf dip bioassays. The results revealed the 32.95–136.47 fold resistance to nitenpyram, 23.03–56.74 fold to spirotetramat, 10.84–31.33 fold to chlorfenapyr, 1.20–9.43 fold to fipronil, 3.27–43.77 fold to emamectin benzoate, 0.66–2.81 fold to sulfoxaflor and 0.59–1.25 fold to flonicamid in different field populations, compared to the susceptible strain. Based on present study findings, it may be suggested to discontinue the use of nitenpyram, spirotetramat, chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate for which the populations were resistant and the rotational use of fipronil, sulfoxaflor and flonicamid for which the populations were susceptible. Proactive resistance management approaches such as judicious use of insecticides with proper dose selection, time of spray on early stages and correct method of application are necessary to prevent the development of resistance.     

Species-specific insecticide resistance to imidacloprid and fipronil in the rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in East and South-east Asia

BACKGROUND: In 2003 the development of insecticide resistance against neonicotinoids in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), was first observed in Thailand and has since been found in other Asian countries such as Vietnam, China and Japan. However, the LD₅₀ values of BPH and the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), against both neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole insecticides have been poorly reported in many Asian countries. RESULTS: The topical LD₅₀ values for imidacloprid in the BPH populations collected from East Asia (Japan, China, Taiwan) and Vietnam in 2006 were 4.3–24.2 µg g^?1 and were significantly higher than those collected from the Philippines (0.18–0.35 µg g^?1). The BPH populations indicated a positive cross‐resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Almost all the WBPH populations from Japan, Taiwan, China, Vietnam and the Philippines had extremely large LD₅₀ values (19.7–239 µg g^?1 or more) for fipronil, except for several populations from the Philippines and China. CONCLUSION: Species‐specific changes in insecticide susceptibility were found in Asian rice planthoppers (i.e. BPH for imidacloprid and WBPH for fipronil). Insecticide resistance in BPH against imidacloprid occurred in East Asia and Indochina, but not in the Philippines. In contrast, insecticide resistance in WBPH against fipronil occurred widely in East and South‐east Asia. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry