乾华肉用美利奴羊体重与体尺指标的相关性分析

为探讨乾华肉用美利奴羊体尺指标与体重的相关性,更好地服务于该品种的选育工作,通过SPSS软件对120只乾华肉用美利奴羊的成年母羊体重、体尺进行了相关分析和通径分析,并建立了最优回归方程。结果表明:乾华肉用美利奴羊的体重(Y)与体高(X_1)、体斜长(X_2)、胸围(X_3)、尻宽(X_5)呈极显著正相关(P0.01);胸围、体高和尻宽的直接作用和间接作用对体重的影响都极大,其体尺性状与体重的最优回归方程为Y=0.376X_1+0.397X_3+0.362X_5,决定系数(R_2)为0.704。     

乌骨山羊体尺体重性状的相关及回归分析

为乌骨山羊品种选择和育种提供理论依据,利用SPSS软件对64只乌骨山羊成年母羊体尺体重性状进行相关分析,并采用逐步回归法,建立最优回归方程。结果表明:乌骨山羊体高(X_1)、体长(X_2)、胸围(X_3)、管围(X_4)与体重(Y)均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),胸围、体长及体高的直接作用和间接作用对体重影响极大(P0.01);乌骨山羊体尺指标(Xi)对体重(Y)的最优回归方程为Y=-69.923 19+0.326 27X_1+0.138 46X_2+0.961 72X_3。     

公滩羊体重与体尺性状的多元回归分析

为了分析12月龄公滩羊的体尺性状与体重的相关程度,建立回归方程,统计分析86只公滩羊体尺、体重数据,分析体重与体斜长、胸宽、胸围、体高、胸深、管围的相关程度。结果表明:通过相关与通径分析、逐步回归分析获得最优回归方程:Y=-8.830+0.332X_1+0.449X_2+0.415X_3(R=0.776),体斜长、胸宽、胸围与体重存在显著性相关。     

哈萨克羊×特克赛尔羊杂交F_1代体尺与体重的相关及回归分析

本研究通过对哈萨克羊×特克赛尔羊杂交F_1代体重与体尺指标的相关及回归分析进而建立最佳回归方程,为品种选育提供可靠的科学依据。试验随机选取特哈杂交F_1代公羔184只、母羔174只,对其测量体重(Y),体高(X_1)、体斜长(X_2)、胸围(X_3)、胸宽(X_4)、胸深(X_5)、管围(X_6),运用SPSS19.0分别对公、母羔的体重和体尺数据进行相关及回归分析建立最佳线性回归方程。特哈杂交F_1代羔羊体重与6项体尺指标均呈现极显著正相关(P0.01),公、母羔体斜长与体重的相关程度最高,分别为0.641和0.555。各体尺间除公羔胸围和胸宽两项体尺指标与胸深没有显著相关性外,其它各体尺间都表现出极显著的相关性(P0.01),其中相关程度公羔最高的为体高和胸深,母羔为体高与体斜长。公羔胸围对体重的直接作用效果最大,母羔胸深对体重的直接作用最大,而公、母羔体尺指标对体重的间接作用正好与之相反。公、母羔体重与体尺指标间的最佳回归方程分别为Y=-74.203+0.272X_2+0.357X_3+0.285X_1+0.159X_4+0.129X_6,(r=0.832,P0.01)和Y=-59.179+0.295X_2+0.296 X_5+0.209 X_4+0.184 X_1,(r=0.723,P0.01)。体斜长是影响特哈F_1代羔羊体重的重要因素,在品种选育过程中要着重考虑该体尺指标的选育,同时充分考虑其它体尺指标的影响。     

兰州大尾羊×小尾寒羊F1代体重和体尺的相关性研究

本研究旨在探讨兰州大尾羊×小尾寒羊F1代羔羊体重和体尺的相关关系,为通过体尺性状估计其体重提供科学的理论依据。试验随机选取80只150日龄兰小杂交F1代羔羊,公、母羔各半,测量其体重(Y)、体长(X_1)、体高(X_2)、胸围(X_3)、管围(X_4)、胸深(X_5)和胸宽(X_6),运用SPSS 22.0软件分别对公、母羔的体重和体尺数据进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析和相关系数的分解。结果表明,兰小杂交F1代羔羊的体重与体长、体高、胸围、管围、胸深、胸宽均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),公、母羔胸围与体重的相关程度最高,相关系数分别为0.907和0.908,其次为体长,相关系数分别为0.875、0.844。各体尺性状间也呈极显著正相关(P0.01),其中胸围和体长的相关系数最高。胸围和体长主要通过直接作用影响体重,胸深、管围、体高、胸宽主要通过间接作用影响体重,胸围对体重的直接作用最大,胸深对体重的间接作用最大。公、母羔体重与体尺的最优回归方程分别为:Y=―43.861+0.675X_3+0.394X_1(r=0.945,P0.01)和Y=―38.378+0.590X_3+0.397X_1(r=0.948,P0.01)。综上所述,胸围和体长是影响兰小杂交F1代羔羊体重的两个重要因素,在该品种的选育和肥羔的生产过程中,要加强对胸围和体长的选择力度,同时考虑胸深、管围、体高、胸宽的影响。     

斑嘴鸭形态指标的相关分析及通径分析

对成年斑嘴鸭胫长(X1)、胫围(X2)、胸宽(X3)、胸深(X4)、胸围(X5)、体斜长(X6)、龙骨长(X7)、体重(Y)8个性状进行相关分析、通径分析,并建立体重回归方程。结果表明,斑嘴鸭胸宽、胸深、胸围、体斜长、龙骨长与体重之间存在极显著的相关性(P<0.01),在各指标之间,也存在者复杂的相关性。胸深、胸围对体重的影响主要以直接作用为主,而胫围、体斜长和龙骨对体重的影响以间接作用为主。各指标对体重的决定系数大小排序为:R25>R24>R27>R23>R26>R21>R22。建立斑嘴鸭成年体重最优回归方程为:Y=-814.633+42.132X5+91.450X4-85.571X2(R2=0.717)。     

科尔沁农牧交错区辽宁绒山羊体尺、体重与产绒量的相关性分析

为了通过体尺、体重性状的选育加速绒山羊产绒量性状的选育进程,试验采用SPSS.13.0数据包对引入科尔沁农牧交错区的3 515只辽宁绒山羊进行体尺指标、抓绒后体重与原绒产量的相关性分析、通径分析和回归分析,建立了体尺、抓绒后体重与产绒量间的回归模型。结果表明:抓绒后体重(X_1)、体高(X_2)、体长(X_3)、胸围(X_4)、管围(X_5)、绒层高度(X_6)与原绒产量(Y)均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。抓绒后体重、胸围对原绒产量的直接作用最大,而体高主要通过间接作用影响产绒量。获得了抓绒后体重、主要体尺指标与原绒产量间的最优回归方程:Y=0.298 X_1+0.149 X_3+0.275 X__4+0.042 X_5+0.108 X_6。说明在以提高产绒量为主要育种目标的绒山羊选育过程中,应以抓绒后体重为首选选育性状指标,并要兼顾胸围等性状指标的选育。     

云上黑山羊体尺性状对体重影响的通径分析

旨在利用云上黑山羊体尺性状对体重进行较为准确的估计,剖析云上黑山羊各体尺性状对体重的影响。选取6月龄(n=292)、7月龄(n=46)和成年(n=368)3个阶段的云上黑山羊母羊为试验对象,测定其体长(X_1,cm)、体高(X_2,cm)、胸围(X_3,cm)和管围(X_4,cm)4个体尺性状,并记录体重(Y,kg)。利用逐步回归法建立云上黑山羊体尺性状与体重间的多元线性回归方程,运用相关分析和通径分析剖分云上黑山羊体尺性状对体重的影响。结果表明:6月龄、7月龄和成年云上黑山羊母羊体重与体尺性状的多元线性回归方程分别为Y=-39.363+0.521X_1+0.530X_3、Y=-45.328+0.537X_1+0.603X_3和Y=-69.131+0.648X_1+0.851X_3,3个阶段云上黑山羊母羊胸围对体重的直接作用均大于体长对体重的直接作用以及体长通过胸围对体重影响的间接作用。结果提示,本研究建立的3个方程可用于云上黑山羊的选育实践,胸围是影响云上黑山羊母羊体重的主要体尺因素。     

湖北乌羊体尺与体重的关系研究

体尺性状与体重具有相关性因而在育种中具有较强的应用价值,找出与体重相关性较大的体尺性状可以提高测定效率.本研究测定了湖北乌羊5个体尺性状,并用SAS软件分析了它们与体重间的相关、对体重的直接和间接影响以及对体重的决策程度,分别建立了公羊及母羊体重与体尺的最优回归模型.结果表明:胸围和体直长是湖北乌羊公羊体重的最主要决策变量,而胸围和管围是湖北乌羊母羊体重的最主要决策变量.湖北乌羊公羊及母羊体尺对体重的最优回归模型分别为Y=-23.2124+0.8616X3和Y=-39.2923+0.7873X3+0.1981X4,其中X3表示体直长,X4表示胸围.     

巴音布鲁克后备母羊体尺与体重相关性分析

分析了14¹6月龄巴音布鲁克后备母羊体尺与体重的相关关系、体尺对体重的直接影响和间接影响,并建立了最优回归方程。结果表明:胸围(X3)和体长(X2)是影响巴音布鲁克后备母羊体重(Y)的重要体尺指标。最优回归模型为:Y=-18.207+0.317X2+0.371X3。     

Relationship of body measurements and body condition score to body weight in modern Finnish Ayrshire cows

Abstract

The differences in body weight (BW) and measurements between the cows of today and the early 70s was evaluated and the usefulness of heart girth (HG), wither height, body length (BL) and body condition score (BCS) as predictors of the BW of modern Finnish Ayrshire cows was estimated. During the last three decades, the BW, HG and BL has increased indicating change in body conformation. The BW prediction equation based on early 70s data underestimate the BW of modern Ayrshire cows. Based on current data it is recommended to use different models to predict BW for primiparous and multiparous cows. From single measurements, HG predicted BW most accurately. Inclusion of BL in model gave slight improve in BW prediction, especially for primiparous cows. An additional term of age or days in milk (DIM) for primiparous cows and BCS or DIM for multiparous cows along with HG increased slightly the accuracy of BW prediction.     

Prediction of body weight from body measurements in grass cutters

In order to predict the body weight of grass cutters from linear body measurements, the weights and measurements of 50 intensively managed female grass cutters aged 5 months were fitted into linear, quadratic and cubic regression models. Highly significant (p?<?0.01) R ² values ranging from 74 to 98 % were obtained indicating that all body measurements were good predictors of body weight. Although quadratic and cubic models gave slightly higher R ² values than linear models, it is recommended that farmers should use a simple linear equation based on tail length or heart girth to predict the body weight of their grass cutters. The recommended equations are (weight in kg)?=?0.47?+?0.08 (tail length in cm) and (weight in kg)?=?0.32?+?0.07 (heart girth in cm).     

Effects of season and body condition on appetite, body mass and body composition in ad libitum fed pony mares

Changes in appetite, body mass (BM), body condition score (BCS), direct (ultrasonographic) and indirect (deuterium oxide dilution technique) measures of body fat were monitored in Welsh Mountain pony mares (n = 11, 5–19 years of age) offered ad libitum access to a complete diet (gross energy 16.9 ± 0.07 MJ/kg dry matter) for 12 weeks during summer (n = 6; 246 ± 20 kg) and winter (n = 5; 219 ± 21 kg). At the outset, each group comprised two thin (BCS 1–3/9), moderate (BCS 4–6/9) and obese (BCS 7–9/9) animals.For ponies that were non-obese at the outset, BM was gained more rapidly (P = 0.001) in summer (0.8 ± 0.1 kg/day) than winter (0.6 ± 0.0 kg/day). This was associated with a seasonal increase in dry matter intake (DMI) which became maximal (summer, 4.6 ± 0.3% BM as DMI/day; winter, 3.5 ± 0.1% BM as DMI/day) during the second month. The appetite of the obese ponies was half that reported for non-obese animals in the summer and BM remained constant irrespective of season.Body ‘fatness’ increased progressively for non-obese but not obese ponies. Body fat content was exponentially associated with increasing BCS but BCSs >6 were not useful indicators of actual body fat. Endogenous circannual mechanisms to suppress winter weight gain were insufficient to prevent the development of obesity in ad libitum fed ponies.     

圈养天鹅体重、体尺及血液生化指标的测定

动物园圈养野生动物是野生动物异地保护的重要环节。天鹅人工环境下圈养,对保持和增加天鹅的种群数量、加强天鹅的科学研究,及对大众的科普教育等方面起到了积极作用。体尺、血液生化指标以及血液中酶的活性可直接反应动物生理功能,有重要的指示作用。     

Examination of body fluids

In dogs, the pericardial sac contains about 0.3 ml, and the pleural and peritoneal cavities 0-15 ml of clear, straw-colored fluid of pH 7.4, specific gravity 1.016, protein content less than 3.0 g/dl and cell count less than 3000/microliter. Fat can be cleared from chylous fluid with NaOH and ether. Inflammation is indicated by a cell count greater than 3000/microliter. Amylase levels in peritoneal fluid are elevated in necrotizing pancreatitis. The percentage of polymorphonuclear WBC exceeds 50% in bacterial inflammations. Normal joints contain less than 1 ml highly viscid, clear or straw-colored synovial fluid with less than 1000 nucleated cells/microliter. Synovial fluid becomes flocculent and less viscid in septic and occasionally in immune-mediated arthritis, often with cell counts greater than 75,000/microliter, with 75-90% polymorphonuclear WBC. Cerebrospinal fluid is normally acellular, clear and colorless but may be red, yellow or brown with intracranial hematomas. Viral or aseptic meningitis is characterized by mononuclear cell counts of less than 500/microliter. In acute bacterial meningitis, nucleated cell counts are greater than 1000/microliter, with most being polymorphonuclear WBC. Gram staining of cerebrospinal fluid is not useful.     

病毒性包涵体肝炎

IBH是一种由腺病毒引起的传染疾病,其特征为病鸡的肝脏和肾脏出血,出现营养不良性渐进性坏死,并伴有核内包涵体。特征性肉眼病变是肝脏肿大、营养不良,呈黄色,质地易碎（图1）。