肉鸡饲料添加赖氨酸试验

以前赖氨酸只在仔猪人工乳、牛人工乳或在幼雏肉鸡等赖氨酸需要量较高的幼龄畜禽饲料中应用,随着对饲料研究的不断进展,生长阶段的畜禽饲料中也纷纷使用赖氨酸。为了解不同量添加赖氨酸对生长肉鸡的作用,我们以县饲料公司下达配方中的1%预混赖氨酸为对照组,设立添加2%预混赖氨酸为试验组,对(?)周龄后生长肉鸡进行了阶段性试验。一、试验材料与方法试验选用4周龄末宝星商品代肉鸡,去除群体中体虚幼弱仔鸡,随机分成试验组和对照组,各300羽,至5周龄始试验,试验期为35天。在相同环境下,由专人饲养,采用厚垫料公母混养方式,饲养密度为10只/m~2。在此期间的投药品种、剂量均相一致,必须说明的是0～4周龄肉禽饲料中预混赖氨酸的添加量为1%。     

辽宁省商品蛋鸡饲料粗蛋白水平调查

调查旨在从整体上把握辽宁省各阶段商品蛋鸡饲料的粗蛋白水平,为低蛋白日粮在辽宁省的推广应用提供数据支撑。调查收集了来自辽宁省内的蛋鸡配合饲料和浓缩饲料样品共248个,用于检测粗蛋白水平。结果显示：雏鸡、育成鸡、预产期、产蛋高峰期和产蛋后期配合饲料的平均粗蛋白水平分别为19.47%、16.22%、16.72%、16.93%和16.77%。雏鸡、育成鸡、预产期、产蛋高峰期和产蛋后期浓缩饲料的粗蛋白含量折算为配合饲料的粗蛋白水平分别为18.30%、16.19%、16.53%、16.41%和16.56%。研究表明,辽宁省内的蛋鸡用商品饲料的平均粗蛋白水平与《产蛋鸡和肉鸡配合饲料》的国家推荐性标准基本一致;但随着饲料营养研究深入以及低蛋白饲料配方理念不断推广,蛋鸡饲料的粗蛋白水平仍具有继续下降的空间与潜力。     

对确定饲料添加剂最佳添加量方法的探讨

<正> 作者就如何确定饲料添加剂最佳添加量的方法曾作一些初步探讨,并在实际应用中取得了较理想的效果。现将该方法作一简述。一、添加量试验和资料可靠性分析1.添加量试验对任何一种饲料添加剂,无论其组成成分以及每一种成分的含量如何,在确定这种添加剂添加量的饲喂试验中可视为影响试验因素的一个因子。进行添加量饲喂试验最简单的方法是单因子的饲喂试验。在试验中,将试验因子即添加剂的添加量按其大小分成若     

增加哺乳母猪日粮中L-赖氨酸的添加量

在低水平豆粕型母猪哺乳期饲料中添加合成赖氨酸以平衡日粮的营养水平,不会对母猪当前和以后的生产性能产生负面影响,虽然合成氨基酸的成本增加了,但整体生产成本能够下降。     

鲤鱼饲料中添加赖氨酸的试验

在鲤鱼配合饲料中添加0．25％赖氨酸的试验结果表明，可以提高鲤鱼的生长速度19％，降低饲料系数为0．21，每公斤饲料成本可降低13．71％。     

不同饲料粗蛋白水平对狼山鸡的育肥效果

作为原产于南通的世界著名鸡种,狼山鸡以其体型优美,繁殖力、抗病力及适应性强,肉质品味鲜美而闻名于世,并曾对世界家禽业发展作出重大贡献。2000年狼山鸡被列为国家级畜禽资源保护品种名录。目前,狼山鸡主要保存于如东县狼山鸡原种场和南通市狼山鸡原种场,还有少部分保存于中国农业科学院家禽研究所国家地方禽种基因库。     

龟饲料中维生素的添加量

大量的研究报道证实，在高密度养殖条件下，龟的应激性疾病、某些出血病、畸形等常见病与维生素的缺乏密切相关。由于工厂化养龟发展加快，龟的各种疾病也相应增多，饲料中维生素偏低的现象不能不引起我们高度重视。在配合饲料中维生素的添加量尽管较少，但绝大多数维生素是辅酶和辅基的基本成分，它参与生物体内的生化反应和新陈代谢。机体内缺少维生素会引起某些酶活性失调，导致新陈代谢紊乱，影响某些器官的正常机能。因此，在养龟饲料中添加复合维生素是必要的。据研究，龟饲料中缺少ＶＢ６、烟酸和ＶＢ２时，龟的生长明显减慢，而叶酸…     

规模猪场应注意的饲料营养问题

近几年,现代化规模化猪场比例在逐步增加,对各阶段猪营养的满足日益引起养殖者的关注,因为规模猪场的负责人清楚的了解猪的目前阶段营养满足状况不仅对这个体重阶段生产成绩产生影响,而且有后续效应;换句话说,当这个阶     

Interactive effects of dietary crude protein and fermentable carbohydrate levels on odour from pig manure

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) and levels of fermentable carbohydrates (FC) and their interaction on odour emission, odour intensity, odour hedonic tone, and ammonia emission from pig manure, and manure characteristics. An experiment was conducted with finishing pigs (n = 36) in a 2 × 3 factorial randomized complete block arrangement with 6 treatment combinations in 6 blocks. There were 2 dietary CP levels (low 12%; high 18%) and 3 digestible FC levels: (low 95.5; medium 145.5; and high 195.5 g/kg feed, as-fed basis). Pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 57.7 ± 2.5 kg were penned individually in partly slatted floor pens. Faeces and urine of each pig accumulated in separate manure pits under the slatted floor. In the 6th week of the collection period air samples were collected directly above the manure in each pit. Manure samples were taken for manure characteristics. Air samples were analyzed for odour concentration and for hedonic tone and odour intensity. Manure samples were analyzed for volatile fatty acids (VFA), indoles, phenoles, sulphurous compounds, ammonium, and total N concentrations. Dietary CP level and FC level did not affect odour emission, odour intensity and hedonic tone but their interaction affected odour emission at P = 0.06. At a high dietary CP level, increased FC level decreased odour emission, while at a low CP level, increased FC level increased odour emission from pig manure. Total N and ammonium concentrations, and ammonia emission from pig manure were reduced at low dietary CP level (P < 0.001). High FC level led to low ammonia emission from pig manure (P = 0.01). Manure pH increased at high dietary CP level (P < 0.001) and decreased when FC level increased (P < 0.05). Total VFA concentration increased at high dietary CP level (P < 0.001) and when FC level increased (P < 0.001). Enhanced dietary CP increased the manure concentrations of phenol (P < 0.001), cresols (P = 0.01), indole (P < 0.001), 4-ethylphenol (P < 0.001) and carbon disulfide (P < 0.001), but FC did not affect concentrations of these compounds (P > 0.05) in the manure. We conclude that the interaction between dietary CP and FC plays a role in odour production and emission. Ammonia emission from pig manure can be reduced substantially by decreasing dietary CP and by increasing FC.     

肉用仔鹅饲粮适宜粗纤维和粗蛋白水平的研究

采用3×3因子的析因设计,将189只1日龄健康肉用仔鹅随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复7只;将日粮的粗纤维和粗蛋白分前、后期各设低、中、高3个水平,构成9个处理,18种日粮,研究不同粗纤维和粗蛋白水平对1~35日龄(前期)、36~63日龄(后期)肉仔鹅生长性能和营养物质利用率的影响。结果:1~35日龄肉仔鹅对日粮中粗纤维水平非常敏感,但对蛋白质水平要求不高;低纤维水平日粮组日增重与料重比明显好于中、高纤维组(P<0.01),日粮粗纤维和粗蛋白水平极显著影响鹅对能量和蛋白质的利用率(P<0.01);1~35日龄肉仔鹅饲粮粗纤维水平以3.5%、粗蛋白水平以17%~19%为宜。36~63日龄,较低的粗蛋白水平即可满足鹅的需要;高纤维水平日粮组鹅的日增重与料重比明显好于低纤维水平组(P<0.01);日粮粗纤维和粗蛋白水平极显著影响鹅对能量和蛋白质的利用率(P<0.01)。试验表明36~63日龄肉仔鹅饲粮适宜粗纤维水平为10%,粗蛋白水平为14%。     

饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。选择28日龄断奶、平均初始体重(6.74±0.03)kg的杜长大三元杂交仔猪150头,随机分为3组,每组2个重复(圈),每个重复25头猪,分别饲喂总赖氨酸水平为1.35%、1.42%、1.60%的3种饲粮,饲养试验时间为20d。结果表明,各项生产性能指标均随饲粮总赖氨酸水平提高呈二次曲线变化。以处理Ⅱ(总赖氨酸水平1.42%)为最佳,随着赖氨酸水平的降低或升高,生产性能均下降。当总赖氨酸水平提高到1.60%(处理Ⅲ)时,其日增重、日采食量和每克赖氨酸增重均显著低于处理Ⅱ(P0.05)。     

Influence of dietary lysine and energy intakes on body protein deposition and lysine utilization in the growing pig

A serial slaughter study was conducted to determine the effects of true ileally digestible lysine (IDLys) intake and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) on whole-body protein deposition (PD) and dietary lysine utilization in pigs between 45 and 75 kg live weight (LW). Conventional N balances were determined at the start and end of the serial slaughter study. Semisynthetic diets based on casein and cornstarch provided protein-bound lysine to support protein depositions of approximately 70% (Lys70%, IDLys 11.1 g/d) or 90% (Lys90%, IDLys 13.2 g/d) of a determined maximum PD. During the serial slaughter study and at Lys70%, pigs were fed one of six levels of MEI ranging from 14.1 to 23.5 MJ/d; at Lys90%, pigs were fed one of seven levels of MEI ranging from 15.6 to 26.4 MJ/d. The serial slaughter study and N balances indicated that MEI and IDLys had independent effects on PD and lysine utilization. Lysine utilization (calculated as the fraction of absorbed available lysine, over and above maintenance lysine requirements, that was retained in body protein) and PD increased with increasing MEI until plateau values were reached. At the plateaus, PD was determined by lysine intake. When lysine intake determined PD, lysine utilization did not decline (P > 0.10) with increasing lysine intake. Based on the N balance study, there was no effect (P > 0.1) of LW on lysine utilization. The marginal efficiency of using absorbed available lysine for PD was 0.75 and was not affected by LW, MEI, or IDLys.     

规模养猪场的经营方略

近年来,养猪业存在许多办场风险,其风险主要有疫病风险、市场价格风险、品种选择风险、经营管理风险等.其中,市场价格风险、品种选择风险及经营管理风险可以通过一些行之有效的经营管理方法加以解决.笔者从经营管理方面总结出几点体会,供同行参考和借鉴.     

规模猪场相关国家标准解读

新制订的国家标准<规模猪场建设>(GB/T17824.1-2008)、<规模猪场生产技术规程>(GB/T17824.2-2008)和<规模猪场环境参数及环境管理>(GB/T 17824.3-2008),已于2008年11月1日由国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会发布实施.     

Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. In each experiment the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different lysine to crude protein ratios. A complete randomized design was used in both experiments, the starter (1–21 days) and grower (22–42 days) experiments. The three starter diets, based on lysine to crude protein ratios, were L₀ (0.055), L₁ (0.066) and L₂ (0.077), while grower diets were L₃(0.047), L₄(0.061) and L₅(0.074). A quadratic type equation was used to determine ratios for optimum growth rate, feed conversion ratio, breast meat yield and breast meat nitrogen content. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratios of 0.066 and 0.077 supported optimum growth rate and feed conversion ratio, respectively, during the starter period. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratios of 0.073, 0.073, 0.069 and 0.079 supported optimum growth rate, feed conversion and breast meat yield and nitrogen content during the grower phase. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratio had no effect on diet intake and digestibility. The results indicate that at each phase a single dietary lysine to crude protein optimized both growth rate and feed conversion ratio. However, the ratio for optimum breast meat yield was lower than that for optimum growth rate and feed conversion ratio. These findings have implications on ration formulation for broiler chickens.     

杜长大中猪饲粮适宜蛋白质及赖氨酸水平试验

试验采用1×3因子设计,选取杜长大三元杂种中猪60头,阉公和母猪各半,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组设2个重复(阉公和母猪各一个重复),每个重复10头猪,同性别的猪饲养在一个栏内。按3种粗蛋白质水平(17.5%,16.1%,15.1%)、3种赖氨酸水平(0.92%,0.83%,0.75%)组合配制3种试验饲粮(能量水平一致,消化能均为13.5MJ/kg),分别饲喂3个处理组。试验结果表明,40～70kg的混养猪群,饲粮以粗蛋白质15.1%、总赖氨酸0.75%的水平为适宜。40～70kg杜长大阉公猪,饲粮以粗蛋白质15.1%、总赖氨酸0.75%的水平为适宜;同阶段青年母猪,饲粮以粗蛋白质17.5%、总赖氨酸0.92%的水平为适宜。     

规模化猪场蓝耳病血清学调查

蓝耳病是影响规模化猪场繁殖性能的主要传染性疾病,笔者在江苏省6个年产万头商品猪的规模化猪场猪群中随机采集297头种猪及仔猪血清进行蓝耳病血清学调查,使用IDEXX酶联免疫吸附诊断试剂盒,检测蓝耳病病毒抗体。结果表明,2个未免疫接种老猪场猪群抗体阳性率52%,断奶仔猪群阳性率39.1%;2个免疫接种老猪场猪群抗体阳性率94%,断奶仔猪群阳性率89.8%。而较新猪场的种猪群阳性率28.6%,断奶仔猪群阳性率5%。     

规模猪场批次化管理模式下生产考核思路探讨

猪场的生产绩效考核是一项至关重要的工作,尤其在非洲猪瘟（ASF）疫情常态化的背景下,一线员工长期处于高压状态,如果缺乏有效可行的激励措施和合理的管理考核方案,极易导致员工工作出现麻木懈怠,甚至人才流失造成场内生产紊乱的情况发生。批次化生产高效集中的生产方式,已被各集团猪场作为一种管理创新模式所应用,笔者长期工作在生产一线,所接触的多为规模化养殖企业,且已基本全覆盖批次化管理模式。在批次生产过程中,如何将各批次生产指标精准挂钩到相关人员,从而激发员工的积极性是一项很关键的工作,文章主要围绕该主题进行相关探讨。