蛇床子素体外抗鸽毛滴虫的效果及形态学观察

为了观察蛇床子素对体外培养抑制鸽毛滴虫的效果及其对形态学的影响,试验分为4组,蛇床子素浓度分别为0(空白)、1、3、5mg/m L,分别从培养2、4、6、8、12、24h各组取样,于光学及电子显微镜下观察鸽毛滴虫的形态学变化,记录死亡情况。结果显示:随着蛇床子素浓度的增加,鸽毛滴虫的死亡率随之升高,死亡时间随之缩短,5mg/m L组的效果最佳,用药12h即可杀灭全部的毛滴虫,浓度为1mg/m L的药物组至24h仍未全部死亡,浓度为3mg/m L的药物组至24h全部死亡。扫描电镜观察显示,药物作用初始阶段鸽毛滴虫由梨形逐步变圆,形态完整;不久虫体边缘模糊,表面出现皱褶,局部有凹陷;接着凹陷面积扩大,内部出现空洞,虫体形状变得不规则,最后虫体崩解成碎片。结果表明蛇床子素具有明显的抗鸽毛滴虫的效果,值得进一步研究。     

毛滴虫在鸽肝组织原代外植块培养液中的生长研究

分别从3组不同日龄鸽消化道(口腔、嗉囊及内脏)采集毛滴虫特征性病变内容物,经处理后接种在健康鸽肝脏组织块原代外植pH 7.0培养液中,置37.5℃培养.250倍光学显微镜观察,虫体在24～36h生长达到高峰,数量为200～517个/μL,大量虫体定殖肝组织块中,并进行阿米巴样快速游动,同时可见数百虫体黏附聚集瓶底绞结成团及大量体积增加两倍的分裂体.5d后在瓶底可见死亡虫体,7d后活虫体数量逐渐下降,12d活虫体减至20个/μL,培养基液pH 6.0.每隔7d传代培养,最多可传至F1.代.     

金莲花及花椒水提物体外抗鸽源禽毛滴虫活性

为研究金莲花、花椒水提物体外抗鸽毛滴虫活性及对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的毒性,使用不同质量浓度的金莲花、花椒水提物分别与鸽毛滴虫共同孵育一定时间,同时设不同质量浓度的甲硝唑做为对照,分别计算药物对虫体的相对抑制率和半数抑制浓度(IC50);再采用MTT法检测药物对CEF的半数毒性浓度(TC50),计算两种中药水提物的选择指数(SI)及安全范围。结果表明,金莲花、花椒水提物体外作用48h对鸽毛滴虫的IC50分别为0.911、1.98g/L;对CEF的TC50分别为1.915、6.37g/L;选择指数分别为3.22、2.10。与甲硝唑相比,金莲花、花椒水提物质量浓度分别≥16、20g/L时与甲硝唑的抗虫活性接近。以上结果可以看出,一定质量浓度的金莲花、花椒水提物均具有一定的抗鸽毛滴虫活性,且细胞毒性较低,两者选择指数均大于1,为有效药物。     

LPS诱导小鼠子宫内膜炎模型的建立

为了建立小鼠子宫内膜炎模型,为子宫内膜炎的发病机理及其防治方法的研究提供合适的动物疾病模型,在小鼠子宫内灌注不同浓度的脂多糖(LPS),分别于灌注后12、24、36 h和48 h收集子宫,观察子宫组织形态学变化,检测子宫组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量。结果在灌注LPS后可见小鼠子宫上皮细胞脱落、水肿、充血、出血和炎性细胞浸润。灌注1.25、2.5 mg/m L和5 mg/m L的LPS作用12 h,小鼠子宫组织MPO和NO含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);灌注2.5 mg/m L和5 mg/m L的LPS作用24 h,小鼠子宫组织MPO和NO含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。表明采用子宫灌注LPS法成功建立小鼠子宫内膜炎模型,且每只小鼠灌注20μL浓度为2.5~5.0 mg/m L的LPS作用12~24 h为最佳的建模条件。     

鸽毛滴虫病的综合防治

鸽毛滴虫病是鸽最常见的一种传染性原虫病,鸽毛滴虫主要寄生在上消化道,温热潮湿天气更为多发;任何地方、品种、龄期的鸽子均会发病,是对养鸽业威胁最大的常见病之一。该病于1878年由Rirolta首次在鸽的小肠中发现,根据国外资料和国内的调查显示,约有80%的鸽带虫,成鸽的症状不明显,幼鸽症状表现突出,甚至死亡。带虫乳鸽即使发病轻微也影响营养吸收,品质下降,用药时又易出现药物残留,导致出口受阻,效益下降。此病必须引起高度重视。1.病原病原是属鞭毛亚门,动鞭毛纲,多鞭毛目,毛滴虫科,毛滴虫属的禽毛滴虫(Trichmonasgallinae)。虫体呈梨形、…     

河蟹土池生态育苗中敌害生物控制的实验室试验

文章对河蟹土池生态育苗中的敌害生物的控制进行实验室试验研究 ,结果表明 :漂白粉可有效控制敌害生物 ,4mg/ L有效氯即可杀灭沙蚕幼体和桡足类 ;划蝽对敌百虫较敏感 ,浓度为 0 .8mg/ L 时 ,1 2 h后全部致死 ;甲醛浓度为 0 .8m L/ L 时 ,1 2 h后全部致死划蝽 ;由小球藻配制的敌百虫液 ,浓度为 2 .0 mg/ L时 ,1 2 h后使划蝽全部致死 ,其杀死划蝽浓度明显高于由消毒海水配制的敌百虫液 ,说明小球藻液削弱敌百虫毒性效果明显。     

过硫酸氢钾对贝类育苗水体中溶藻弧菌的杀灭效果

本文以海蚌育苗池海水中的溶藻弧菌作为研究对象,探讨过硫酸氢钾对溶藻弧菌的杀灭效果。通过单因素试验和3因素3水平正交试验探讨不同温度、不同过硫酸氢钾浓度、不同菌液浓度对抑制溶藻弧菌效果的影响。从单因素试验结果可知,当温度处于20～30℃、过硫酸氢钾浓度20～40 mg/L、菌液浓度10⁵～10⁷CFU/mL时,杀菌抑制效果显著;正交试验结果 显示,温度25℃、过硫酸氢钾浓度40 mg/L、菌液浓度10⁵CFU/mL,是过硫酸氢钾溶液对溶藻弧菌杀灭效果最佳的条件;药物浓度11 mg/L时,灭菌率≧99%;药物浓度大于9 mg/L时,药物作用时间1～24 h的杀菌率差异均不显著,过硫酸氢钾药效可以维持24 h。     

灭滴灵对鸽毛滴虫病的治疗试验

禽毛滴虫(Trichomonas gallinae)是一种寄生在鸽、鸡和火鸡的上消化道的原生虫。虫体虽梨形或椭圆形,具有四根游离的前鞭毛。有一根细长的轴刺,常延伸至虫体后缘之外。波动膜起于虫体的前端,终止在虫体后部约1/3处。虫体的大小为5～19×2～9微米。上述虫体结构可在高倍显微镜下窥见。禽毛滴虫通过纵向二分裂进行繁殖。成鸽通过嗉囊的鸽乳将虫体直接传染给雏鸽;鸡和     

鸽子毛滴虫病

鸽子的毛滴虫病是世界性分布的鸽原虫病。常发生于鸽上消化道,尤其是咽、喉部,导致口腔溃疡。本病发病率较高,对鸽的危害性极大,是鸽的常见病,常给我县的养鸽户造成一定的经济损失。1病原病原是鞭毛虫纲、毛滴虫科、毛滴虫属的禽毛滴虫，是原生动物的单细胞鞭毛虫。虫体呈梨形或长圆形，前端有4根前鞭毛，虫体外披一片沿虫体边缘向后伸延的波动膜和一根伸出虫体末端的轴刺。     

国产咪唑苯脲对小鼠和水牛人工感染伊氏锥虫病的治疗试验

应用国产咪唑苯脲,以0.5mg、0.75mg两种剂量及1、2、3 d不同疗程,对人工感染伊氏锥虫的小鼠进行了治疗试验。结果,0.75mg×2 d组连续观察15 d以上,大多数小鼠存活,而未经治疗的对照组小鼠全部死亡。对3头人工感染伊氏锥虫的水牛,以4 mg/kg剂量一次皮下注射治疗后24 h,血液压滴标本检查虫体阴性,但1周后集虫检查和小鼠接种试验均为阳性,后改用3mg/kg×2d疗法,全部治愈。另外3头人工感染伊氏锥虫的水牛,以3mg/kg×2d疗法治疗后,用血液压滴法,集虫法及小鼠接种法检查虫体均为阴性,连续观察3个月未见复发。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.