微生态制剂在养猪生产中的研究与应用进展

微生态制剂是一类利用有益微生物及其代谢产物制成的生物制剂,将其作为动物饲料添加剂有望彻底解决当前抗生素大量滥用导致的系列负面问题。文章就微生态制剂在养猪生产中的研究应用现状及发展趋势进行综述,以期为微生态制剂在养猪生产中的进一步合理开发和推广应用提供参考依据。     

复合微生态制剂在蛋鸡上的应用

1 什么是复合微生态制剂 复合微生态制剂是利用正常微生物或促进微生物生长的物质制成的饲料添加剂.也就是说,一切能促进正常微生物群生长繁殖及抑制致病菌生长繁殖的制剂统称为"微生态制剂".微生态制剂也称为微生态调节剂,是根据微生态学原理,利用对宿主有益的正常微生物及其代谢产物和生长促进物质所制成的制剂,通过"抗菌"黏附定植及生物屏障等作用调整和保持微生态平衡,改善宿主的健康状态.     

微生态制剂在养殖场环境修复中的应用

微生态制剂也称微生态调节剂,是根据微生态学原理,利用对宿主动物有益的正常微生物及其代谢产物和生长促进物质所制成的制剂。1微生态制剂分类益生菌:包括活菌、菌体结构组份、代谢产物,能够改善生物与酶的平衡,激发宿主机体特异性     

常用微生态制剂及其特性

微生态制剂是指将已知的有益微生物(动物体内或自然界中存在的),运用现代生物工程技术进行培养、发酵等特殊工艺加工制成的生物制剂。微生态制剂包含有益微生物及其代谢产物和培养物。     

微生态制剂在畜禽健康养殖中的应用

正1微生态制剂在畜禽健康养殖中的应用意义微生态制剂又叫益生素、生菌剂、促生素、利生素和活菌制剂,是在微生物理论指导下,研制出的对宿主有益的活性微生物及其代谢产物和促生长物质的制剂。它是一种天然的生物活性制剂,无毒副作用、无耐药性、无药物残留,通过促进肠道内有益微生物的生长,抑制有害微生物的生长繁殖,从而调整维持胃肠道内的微生态平衡,达到预防疾病和促进生长的目的。同时,这些微生物还可产生促生长因子、多种消化     

微生态制剂

一、什么是微生态制剂 微生态制剂是根据微生态理论研制的含有益微生物(益生菌)及其代谢产物的生物制剂,通过调节、维持肠道内微生态平衡,达到提高宿主健康水平,增加养殖效益的目的。 美国FDA批准用作直接饲喂的微生物已有43     

微生态制剂在家禽生产中的应用

微生态制剂是指有益微生物经培养、发酵和干燥等特殊工艺制成的活菌制剂(biogen),包括活的微生物及其代谢产物.我国农业部2008年规定允许使用的微生物有16种. 1 微生态制剂的种类 微生态制剂按菌种的组成可分为单一菌剂和复合菌剂,常用的单一菌剂主要有乳酸菌制剂、芽孢杆菌类制剂、酵母类制剂、光合细菌制剂等.复合菌剂由多种有益菌复合配制而成.     

动物微生态制剂在养殖业中的应用

动物微生态制剂,又称为微生物饲料添加剂,是在微生态学理论的指导下,将从动物体内分离出的有益微生物经特殊工艺制成的只含活菌或者包含细菌菌体及其代谢产物的活菌制剂。使用微生态制剂的最终目的是维持动物消化道内的微生物平衡,提高动物对饲料的利用率,防治疾病,提高动物的生产能力。     

微生态制剂在奶牛生产中的作用

微生态制剂是一类根据微生态学原理制成的对动植物有益的活菌制剂,因具有无毒、无污染、无残留的特点,广泛应用于奶牛养殖业。研究表明,微生态制剂可以通过调节瘤胃微生物的动态平衡、调节瘤胃pH值的稳定、改变微生物在瘤胃中的发酵模式等方式提高反刍动物的生产性能,还可以预防奶牛乳房炎、子宫内膜炎等的发生,改善畜舍环境,并提高青贮质量。文章介绍了微生态制剂的分类、微生态制剂在奶牛生产中的作用以及微生态制剂的发展前景,旨在为微生态制剂在奶牛生产中的运用提供理论依据。     

动物微生态制剂的研究进展

动物微生态制剂是一种通过改善动物消化道内菌群平衡并含有微生物活菌及代谢产物和促进生长物质的制剂。本文主要综述了动物微生态制剂研究的发展，作用机制，研究应用及发展趋势。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …