二甲双胍对犬精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本实验旨在研究二甲双胍对犬冷冻-解冻后精液品质的改善效果,用含有不同浓度(0、25、50、100μmol/L)二甲双胍的Tris-卵黄稀释液冷冻保存犬精液,解冻后测定精子活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、活性氧(ROS)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、线粒体膜电位状态及腺苷三磷酸(ATP)含量等指标.结果显示:二甲双胍添加组的...     

AICAR和二甲双胍对产蛋鸡肝细胞AMPK活性及脂质代谢的影响

以产蛋鸡肝细胞为材料，研究添加腺苷一磷酸激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）激活剂AICAR和治疗二型糖尿病药物——二甲双胍对产蛋鸡肝细胞AMPK、β-羟基-β-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）和细胞脂质代谢的影响。试验分4个处理：基础培养液组（对照组）、基础培养液组中分别加入0．5mmol／L AICAR、0．5mmol／L二甲双胍、1mmol／L二甲双胍。结果表明，肝细胞培养100min时，AICAR和二甲双胍均可激活AMPK（P〈0．05），且二甲双胍激活AMPK具有一定的浓度依赖性；AICAR和二甲双胍均可不同程度抑制脂肪酸和胆固醇合成的关键酶ACC和HMGR的活性，AMPK活性与HMGR、ACC活性呈一定的负相关；添加AICAR和二甲双胍抑制产蛋鸡肝细胞甘油三酯和胆固醇合成，AMPK活性与肝细胞甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量也呈一定的负相关。因此，可通过调控产蛋鸡肝脏AMPK活性变化从而调节产蛋鸡脂肪和胆固醇的合成。     

二甲双胍对鸡巨噬细胞HD11天然免疫相关基因表达影响及其抗禽白血病病毒能力分析

本研究旨在探讨二甲双胍(metformin)处理对鸡巨噬细胞HD11天然免疫相关基因表达及禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosisvirus,ALV)复制水平的影响。用2mmol/L二甲双胍处理鸡巨噬细胞HD11,处理48h后收集细胞,荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测天然免疫基因和内源性反转录病毒的表达。另外,将J亚群禽白血病病毒(J subgroup Avian leukosis virus,ALV-J)(MOI=5)接种于细胞板中,病毒感染细胞24 h后进行二甲双胍处理, 48 h后收集HD11细胞和上清分别进行RT-qPCR检测和ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)检测。结果表明,二甲双胍显著上调HD11细胞天然免疫相关基因TLR3(P<0.01)、IFIH1(P<0.01)、IRF7(P<0.01)、STAT1(P<0.05)、IFN-α(P<0.01)、IFN-β(P<0.01)表达水平,并激活了鸡内源性反转录病毒的表达,抑制ALV-J复制水平。综上,二甲双胍可激活鸡巨噬细胞的天然免疫反应,从而提高鸡抗禽白血病病毒的能力。本研究在体外实验中验证二甲双胍具有抑制ALV增殖的作用,对家禽业的疾病防控有一定的应用价值。     

二甲双胍对牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖与分化的影响

为探究二甲双胍对牛骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖和分化的影响,本研究将体外培养的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞分别用0（对照组）、1、2、4 mmol/L二甲双胍进行处理,采用CCK-8法筛选出二甲双胍作用于牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的最适浓度,接着通过EdU染色法检测二甲双胍处理牛骨骼肌卫星细胞后对其增殖的影响,然后对二甲双胍处理的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞进行体外成肌诱导分化,通过显微镜观察牛骨骼肌卫星细胞分化时期的细胞状态,然后利用Western blotting技术检测牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的分化标志因子肌球蛋白重链（MyHC）、肌细胞生成素（MyoG）在分化24、48和72 h的表达情况。结果表明,二甲双胍作用于牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的最适浓度为2 mmol/L。2 mmol/L二甲双胍处理牛骨骼肌卫星细胞后,其细胞增殖率显著降低（P<0.05）,说明二甲双胍可以抑制牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖;牛骨骼肌卫星细胞诱导分化后形成的肌管数量和直径均呈现减少趋势,牛骨骼肌卫星细胞成肌分化标志因子MyHC、MyoG在分化24、48和72 h的表达均显著低于0 mmol/L （对照）组（P<0.05）,说明2 mmol/L二甲双胍能够抑制牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的成肌分化过程。研究结果表明,二甲双胍可以显著抑制牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖及成肌分化过程。该研究为二甲双胍在肌肉发育调控及肌损伤修复方面的应用提供一定的理论依据。     

饲粮中添加二甲双胍对育肥猪生长性能及肉质的影响

为了研究二甲双胍对育肥猪生长性能及肉质的影响,选择80 kg左右的长大猪48头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在日粮基础上添加400 mg/kg的二甲双胍,饲养1个月左右,每组每个重复随机挑选2头屠宰,测定其生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状。结果表明:试验组采食量和平均日增体质量分别比对照组下降12.19%和8.53%,而料重比则显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组胴体长显著低于对照组(P0.05),屠宰率、背膘厚、眼肌面积均高于对照组,但差异均不显著(P0.05);试验组p H1、p H2、滴水损失、a值高于对照组(P0.05),剪切力和熟肉率低于对照组(P0.05),L值和b值则显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此表明饲粮中添加二甲双胍能影响猪生长性能和肉色。     

血小板凝血酶蛋白1对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞体外生物学特性的影响分析

本研究旨在深入探讨血小板凝血酶蛋白1(THBS1)对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的影响,并阐明其影响犬乳腺肿瘤发生发展的作用机制。通过构建THBS1慢病毒稳定过表达和THBS1沉默表达的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp细胞系,采用CCK-8试验、划痕试验、Transwell试验、原位荧光检测和流式细胞术检测THBS1对CHMp细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞凋亡和细胞周期情况的影响;通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测THBS1对CHMp细胞凋亡相关因子(p53、Bcl-2、Bax)表达情况的影响,验证THBS1对CHMp细胞凋亡通路的影响。结果显示,过表达THBS1能有效增强犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并且减少CHMp细胞的凋亡数量,而沉默THBS1后结果与之相反;流式细胞术得出THBS1能够影响CHMp细胞的细胞周期分布;经qRT-PCR和Western blot检测发现,在THBS1过表达后,p53和Bcl-2的表达量均明显增高,Bax的表达量明显减少,在沉默THBS1后结果与之相反。结果表明,THBS1的异常表达能够影响犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的增殖、迁移、侵袭以及细胞周期;此外,THBS1能够通过影响细胞凋亡因子p53、Bcl-2和Bax的表达来影响CHMp细胞凋亡相关通路,进而影响犬乳腺肿瘤的发生发展。     

二甲双胍对快速老化模型SAMP8小鼠体重及血液学参数的影响

为探讨二甲双胍对SAMP8小鼠体重及血液学参数的影响,将40只雄性SAMP8小鼠分为二甲双胍低剂量(50 mg/kg体重)、中剂量(100 mg/kg体重)、高剂量(200 mg/kg体重)实验组及空白对照组,实验组每日按小鼠体重灌胃不同剂量的二甲双胍,空白对照组每日灌胃生理盐水,观察小鼠的体重及血液细胞学和血清生化指标。结果显示,3个实验组与空白对照组相比,仅低剂量组和中剂量组小鼠AST较空白对照组显著降低(P<0.05),小鼠体重、血液学细胞学指标和其他血清生化指标均与正常对照组相比无显著性差异。试验结果表明,二甲双胍对SAMP8小鼠体重及血液学参数影响较小。     

饲粮中添加二甲双胍对猪PRKAG3基因表达量及肉质的影响

旨在研究二甲双胍(Metformin)对PRKAG3基因表达量以及对猪生长性能及肉质的影响.挑选80 kg左右的杜洛克×长白×大约克三元杂交(DLY)阉公猪10头,随机分为对照组和试验组.试验组日粮中添加400 mg·kg-1体质量的Metformin,对照组日粮除不含Metformin外,其它日粮成分与试验组相同.2周试验结束后所有猪只全部屠宰,测定生长性能、AMPK活性、PRKAG3基因表达量、AMPKγ3蛋白表达量、胴体品质和肉质性状.结果表明:1)日粮中添加400 mg·kg-1体质量的Metformin后,试验组AMPK活性、PRKAG3基因mRNA含量和AMPKγ3蛋白表达量分别比对照组提高了13.92％、4.39倍和35.53％ (P＜0.05).2)试验组采食量和平均日增体质量分别比对照组下降13.80％ (P＜0.05)和13.14％,而料肉比则比对照组提高6.77％.3)试验组胴体长显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),屠宰率、背膘厚、眼肌面积和瘦肉率均低于对照组,但差异均不显著(P＞0.05).4)试验组pH2、滴水损失、a值低于对照组(P＞0.05);pH1、剪切力和熟肉率高于对照组(P＞0.05);L值和b值则极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结果提示,Metformin可激活PRKAG3基因表达,进而可能影响猪生长性能和肉质.     

GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化的影响

探讨Zeste基因增强子同源物2(enhancer of Zeste homolog 2,EZH2)抑制剂GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)的影响。取对数生长期的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞(canine mammary tumor cells, CHMm cells),将不同浓度的EZH2抑制剂GSK126(0、10、20、40μmol·L^-1)作用于体外培养CHMm细胞后,培养48 h,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)和细胞克隆形成试验检测细胞增殖能力,Transwell法检测细胞迁移能力变化,Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力,qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测CHMm细胞中凋亡相关因子Bcl-2和Bax、上皮间质标志物E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、EZH2 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量。结果显示：与对照组相比,GSK126对CHMm细胞的增殖及迁移具有明显抑制作用,呈明显的剂量依赖性;与对照组相比...     

犬乳腺肿瘤的病理组织学观察及p63蛋白的表达

通过对35例犬乳腺肿瘤的临床病史调查、光学显微镜观察和免疫组化染色,探讨了犬乳腺肿瘤的临床病理形态学特点、诊断和鉴别诊断.结果显示34例发生在5岁以上,6岁～10岁为发病高峰期;51.4％的病例为恶性肿瘤,其中44.4％的乳腺癌发生转移.免疫组化染色结果显示,在正常乳腺和良性肿瘤组织中,p63蛋白100％表达,并且仅仅...     

Microsatellite instability in canine mammary gland tumors

BACKGROUND: Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and may be required for the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations within cells. One form of genomic instability occurs in tandem nucleotide repeats and is known as microsatellite instability (MSI). HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that MSI can be observed in canine mammary gland tumors (MGT) and represents a potential carcinogenic mechanism in dogs. ANIMALS: Thirty-five dogs with MGTs and 9 dogs with other tumors were recruited from the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center and referring veterinary clinics. METHODS: A panel of 21 canine microsatellite (MS) markers was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from blood and from fresh or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. PCR products were evaluated by using capillary electrophoresis, and the chromatograms were analyzed by using genotyping software. MS genotypes obtained from fresh and formalin-fixed tumor tissues were compared, as were MS genotypes from normal tissue and tumor tissue. RESULTS: Genotypes obtained from formalin-fixed and fresh tissues were identical for all MS in 9 tumors evaluated, suggesting excellent concordance between the 2 sample types. For the 35 canine mammary tumors evaluated, 13 (37%) had stable genotypes; 22 (63%) exhibited aberrations in 1 or 2 MS; and 4 tumors (11%) demonstrated high-level instability, with aberrations in 29 to 61% of MS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although some low-level MSI often is observed, high-level MSI is an infrequent finding in canine mammary tumors. Further evaluations are required to better characterize this phenomenon and to determine its relevance to canine carcinogenesis.     

Telomere length and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors

OBJECTIVE: To measure telomere length and telomerase activity in naturally occurring canine mammary gland tumors. SAMPLE POPULATION: 27 mammary gland tumor specimens obtained during resection or necropsy and 12 mammary gland tissue specimens obtained from healthy (control) dogs. PROCEDURE: Telomere length in tissue specimens was measured by use of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis. Telomerase activity was measured by use of a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. RESULTS: Telomere length in mammary gland tumors ranged from 11.0 to 21.6 kilobase pairs (kbp; mean +/- SEM, 14.5+/-0.5 kbp) but did not differ among tumor types. Telomeres in mammary gland tumors were slightly shorter than in normal tissue specimens, but telomere length could not be directly compared between groups, because mean age of dogs was significantly different between groups. Age was negatively correlated with telomere length in control dogs but was not significantly correlated with length in affected dogs. Telomerase activity was detected in 26 of 27 mammary gland tumors and in 4 of 12 normal tissue specimens. However, telomerase activity and telomere length were not correlated in tumor specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Telomere length is maintained in canine mammary gland tumors regardless of the age of the affected dog. Measurement of telomere length may be a useful tool for monitoring the in vivo effects of telomerase inhibitors in dogs with tumors.     

Cellular proliferative and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors

In canine mammary tumors, we examined the telomerase activity, proliferative activity by proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry, and percentage of apoptotic cells by the deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. The relationship between these measures and histopathologic malignancy was also investigated. PCNA index was highest in malignant tumors (adenocarcinoma: 27.0%; malignant mixed tumor: 15.7%), followed by benign tumors (adenoma: 4.4%; benign mixed tumor: 5.3%), hyperplasia (2.1%), and normal mammary gland (0.9%). In adenoma and adenocarcinoma, papillary and solid types showing higher cellularity tended to have higher PCNA indices than did cystic and tubular types. Although the TUNEL index was <1% in all cases, the relationship between this measure and histopathologic diagnosis showed the same tendency as observed in PCNA immunostaining. Telomerase activity was detectable in all adenomas, benign mixed tumors, and adenocarcinomas examined. In contrast, all normal mammary glands, hyperplasias, and malignant mixed tumors were negative for telomerase. Relative telomerase activity (RTA) of adenocarcinoma (56.5) was significantly higher than that of adenoma (27.8) and benign mixed tumor (33.9), and a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) was noted between RTA and PCNA index. No significant correlations were noted between either PCNA or TUNEL index and clinical features such as metastasis and tumor diameter. PCNA index and telomerase activity may be useful markers for judging malignancy of canine mammary tumors.     

Fractal dimension of canine mammary gland epithelial tumors on cytologic smears

BACKGROUND: Fractal geometry is a tool that can be used for describing, modeling, analyzing, and processing irregular and complex figures. Past investigations in medicine have revealed that fractal analysis could also be applied in tumor pathology to characterize irregular boundaries of the nuclei of tumor cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define whether the fractal dimension parameter could be used on cytologic specimens to differentiate benign from malignant canine mammary gland epithelial tumors. METHODS: The fractal dimension of nuclear surface was determined by computer-assisted morphometry on Hemacolor-stained cytologic smears obtained by fine needle aspiration of normal canine mammary gland epithelial cells, and cells in mammary adenomas, tubulopapillary carcinomas, solid carcinomas, and anaplastic carcinomas. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Significant differences (P <.001) were observed in mean fractal dimension among all tumor types and in comparison with normal canine mammary gland epithelial cells (except for the fractal dimension between solid carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas). CONCLUSION: The morphometric parameter, fractal dimension, could help in the diagnostic discrimination between benign and malignant canine mammary gland epithelial tumors on cytologic specimens.     

Plasma free amino acid profiles of canine mammary gland tumors

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between plasma free amino acid (PFAA) levels and the clinical stages of mammary gland tumors (MGT) in dogs. PFAA levels in canines with malignant mammary tumors were decreased compared to those of healthy animals. The levels of aspartate and ornithine, in the dogs with tumor metastasis were significantly decreased when compared to those of dogs that did not have metastases. Results of this study indicate that PFAA levels could be a risk factor or biomarker for canine MGT metastasis.     

犬乳腺肿瘤组织病理学观察及腱糖蛋白C表达的检测

为了探讨腱糖蛋白C(TNC)表达与犬乳腺肿瘤生物学关系,对23例犬乳腺肿瘤临床病例进行病理学观察及分类,然后采用免疫组化SABC方法检测TNC蛋白在23例犬乳腺肿瘤和2例犬正常乳腺组织中的表达情况。结果显示:23例病例中,良性肿瘤有7例,占30.43%;恶性肿瘤有13例,占56.52%;增生病变有3例,占13.05%。在良性肿瘤中良性混合瘤最多,为3例,其余2例为导管内乳头状腺瘤,1例复杂腺瘤及1例纤维腺瘤。恶性肿瘤中,5例未分化癌,3例癌肉瘤,2例筛状癌,2例固体癌,1例纤维肉瘤,1例混合瘤引起的癌。TNC蛋白主要表达于细胞外基质。犬恶性乳腺肿瘤中,TNC蛋白阳性表达率为46.15%(6/13);良性乳腺肿瘤中,其阳性表达率为42.85%(3/7);乳腺增生病变和正常乳腺组织中,未见其表达。研究结果表明,TNC蛋白可以为犬乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供参考。     

The expression of sialyl Lewis X in canine and feline mammary gland tumors

The expression of sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)) in 93 canine and 15 feline mammary gland tumors (MGT) obtained by surgical resection at Veterinary Medical Center, the University of Tokyo was examined by immunohistochemistry. Their clinicopathological features and prognosis were also reviewed. Approximately 60% of MGT tissues showed sLe(x) positive expressions, while all normal mammary gland tissues were negative. However, its expression was not correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis significantly. This study suggests that sLe(x) may be a tumor-associated antigen in canine and feline MGTs.