猪链球菌2型分泌性核酸酶A(SsnA)活性检测及其基因序列的克隆与测序分析

对8株猪链球菌2型重庆分离株的核酸酶A全基因进行克隆测序,结果表明该基因长度为3 126 bp,与Gen-Bank发表的唯一的该基因的序列相比,核苷酸同源性高于98%,推导的氨基酸同源性高于94%。根据核酸酶A基因的测序结果建立扩增片段长度为301 bp的PCR检测方法,并用甲苯胺蓝DNA酶琼脂对猪链球菌分泌性核酸酶A的活性进行检测。检测了从病猪内脏分离的猪链球菌致病株35株,33株核酸酶A基因PCR检测阳性(阳性比例为94.3%),其中有24株分泌活性检测为阳性(阳性比例68.6%);正常猪扁桃体分离株14株,PCR检测为阳性的10株(阳性比例71.4%),其中有核酸酶A分泌活性为8株(阳性比例57.1%),检测菌株中有2型猪链球菌44株,38株扩增出核酸酶A基因的片段PCR检测阳性并且分泌活性为阳性的有32株,猪链球菌1型、7型、9型、13型、1/2型各1株,均能扩增出核酸酶A基因的片段,但只有13型猪链球菌有核酸酶A分泌活性。对猪链球菌在不同生长时期核酸酶活性的检测显示,猪链球菌在培养4、8、16、32、48 h均有核酸酶A的分泌,并且C a2 和M g2 为分泌性核酸酶A的活性必需因子。     

猪链球菌2型江苏分离株溶血素基因的检测及序列分析

根据猪链球菌2型(strep tococcus su is type 2)溶血素基因(sly)设计和合成了一对可扩增其完整阅读框的引物,对HA 9801等6株猪链球菌2型江苏分离株、1株德国分离株SS2-D及猪链球菌C群参考株ATCC 35246的核酸进行PCR扩增,结果显示HA 9801等6株江苏分离株及德国株SS2呈阳性,ATCC 35246呈阴性。HA 9801株PCR产物纯化后测序,序列分析结果表明该DNA片段与猪链球菌2型1933株的sly基因同源性为99%。     

猪链球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了鉴定青岛地区3个猪场病死猪的致病菌,试验采用形态学观察、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR鉴定、血清型鉴定、毒力因子基因表型检测及药敏试验等方法对分离得到的3株细菌进行研究。结果表明:这3株细菌均为革兰氏阳性链状球菌,生化特性与猪链球菌的生化特征大致相符;16S rRNA PCR产物测序结果证实3株细菌均为猪链球菌;用猪链球菌1,2,7,9型特异性引物进行PCR扩增,3株细菌均为猪2型链球菌,其中有2株细菌的毒力因子基因表型为Mrp+Epf+Sly+,1株细菌毒力因子基因表型为Mrp-Epf+Sly+;3株细菌对大部分β内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类抗生素敏感,对多肽类、林可胺类抗生素耐药。说明猪场分离得到的3株细菌均为2型猪链球菌,可选用β内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类抗生素进行治疗。     

猪源链球菌的分离鉴定及特性

为了解猪链球菌及其血清型流行情况,对2010-2012年从河北省各地区临床病死猪分离获得的32株链球菌进行了生物学特性鉴定及血清分型。结果表明,分离的链球菌以兰氏D群为主,占34.4%,其次为C群(18.8%)。利用PCR扩增猪链球菌的种特异性16SrRNA基因以及荚膜多糖cpslI、eps2J、cps7H和eps9H基因,对32株链球菌分离株进行猪链球菌种的鉴定和分型。结果显示,属于猪链球菌的为16株,其中猪链球菌2型(SS2)为56.25%(9/16),SS7占6.25%(1/16),SS9占12.5%(2/16),其他血清型占25%(4/16)。     

猪链球菌精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶序列分析及其PCR检测

对9株猪链球菌2型重庆分离株的精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因进行克隆测序,结果表明该基因长度为1231bp,与Genbank发表的该基因序列相比,核苷酸同源性高于99%,推导的氨基酸同源性高于96%。根据精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的测序结果建立扩增片段长度为237bp的PCR检测方法,35株猪链球菌致病株中,30株精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阳性,有5株精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阴性;14株正常猪扁桃体分离株中,11株为精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阳性,3株为精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的PCR检测阴性;猪链球菌1型、7型、9型、13型、1/2型各一株,均能扩增出精氨酸脱亚氨酸酶基因的片段。     

猪链球菌2型江苏分离株溶血素基因检测及序列分析

根据猪链球菌2型（Streptococcus suis type 2）溶血素基因（sly）设计和合成了一对可扩增其完整阅读框的引物，对HA9801等6株猪链球菌2型江苏分离株，1株德国分离株SS2-D及猪链球菌C群参考株ATCC35246的核酸进行PCR扩增，结果显示HA9801等6株江苏分离株及德国株SS2呈阳性．ATCC35246呈阴性。HA9801株PCR产物纯化后测序．序列分析表明该DNA片段与猪链球菌2型1933株的sly基因同源性为99％。     

猪链球菌2型多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

设计3对引物,分别扩增链球菌属特异性gdh、猪链球菌种特异性16S rRNA和猪链球菌2型特异性cps2J等基因,目的片段大小分别为725bp、523bp和387bp。利用合成的3对引物并通过对反应条件与反应体系的优化建立了多重PCR。应用该多重PCR检测了分离到的链球菌1105株,检出猪链球菌667株,猪链球菌2型33株。研究结果表明,该方法特异性高、敏感性强,可广泛应用于猪链球菌病的快速诊断及流行病学调查。     

猪链球菌种及其主要致病血清型多重PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪链球菌谷氨酸脱氢酶基因和血清型1型、2型、1/2型、7型、9型和14型的荚膜多糖编码基因核酸序列,分别设计猪链球菌种和血清型特异性引物,建立并优化多重PCR检测方法,检测分析种属背景明确的73株菌株（其中猪链球菌49株、其他对照菌株24株）及临床分离样本94株（包括四川资阳临床分离样本45株）。其中73株种属背景明确菌株多重PCR种检测结果符合率为87.5%,6种主要致病血清型检出率可达100%。24株对照菌株在种和血清型检测均为阴性。对45株四川猪链球菌病暴发现场分离菌株进行检测,其中41株为猪链球菌2型。上述结果提示建立的多重PCR方法对猪链球菌种及主要致病血清型的检测具有较好的特异性和敏感性,可用于猪链球菌病的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定及猪场带菌情况调查

2016年10月山东省潍坊市某猪场的产房仔猪出现疑似猪链球菌感染病例。为准确诊断和进一步防控猪链球菌病,对病例进行了细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色、生化试验、16S RNA基因鉴定和动物接种试验等,最终鉴定为猪链球菌2型感染;对该场的产房、保育猪舍、育肥猪舍、母猪舍进行鼻腔拭子采集,以特异性引物通过PCR检测16S RNA基因和猪链球菌2型荚膜多糖基因(cps2),结果分离到了猪链球菌。检测发现,该场除产房仔猪携带猪链球菌2型外,其他猪舍均没有猪链球菌2型被检出。     

猪链球菌2型多重PCR快速检测方法的建立

根据猪链球菌16SrDNA基因的种特异性基因序列和CPS基因的2型（1或／和2型）型特异基因序列设计了4条引物，建立了快速检测猪链球菌2型（1或／和2型）的多重PCR方法。利用保存的猪链球菌2型菌株和其他相关标准菌株作为参考菌株对该方法进行了敏感性和特异性试验。结果显示，所建立的多重PCR方法特异、敏感，对组织中的猪链球菌2型（1或／和2型）的最低检出水平为30CFU／mL。用所建立的多重PCR方法对采自江西、北京、珠海、天津、四川等省市的猪扁桃体样品进行了检测，并通过细菌分离和玻片凝集试验对其检测结果进行了验证，结果显示，检出阳性符合率为100％，证实建立的多重PCR方法可用于猪链球菌2型的快速检测。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …