超微粉碎与添加复合外源酶制剂对生长猪脱脂米糠饲粮中矿物质和氨基酸消化率的影响

研究了超微粉碎(平均几何粒径50μm)与添加复合外源酶制剂(内含植酸酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和阿魏酸酯酶)2种处理对生长猪脱脂米糠饲粮中矿物质和氨基酸消化率的影响。选择4头平均体重为45 kg的三元(杜×长×大)杂交去势公猪,在其回肠末端安装T-瘘管,饲喂按照2×2因子设计的4种试验饲粮(脱脂米糠基础饲粮(平均几何粒径450μm)、超微粉碎脱脂米糠饲粮、脱脂米糠加酶饲粮和超微粉碎脱脂米糠加酶饲粮),采用4×4拉丁方试验安排进行消化试验。结果表明:(1)超微粉碎显著提高了Cu的回肠表观消化率(AID)和Mg的全消化道表观消化率(ATTD)(P005),对其他矿物质消化率无影响;添加复合外源酶制剂显著提高了Ca、Zn、总磷的AID(P005),显著提高了Ca、Mg、Zn、植酸磷(P005)以及总磷(P001)的ATTD;超微粉碎与添加复合外源酶制剂结合使用极显著提高了Ca、Zn以及总磷的AID(P001),显著提高了Mg、Zn的ATTD(P005),极显著提高了Ca、总磷、植酸磷的ATTD(P001)。(2)超微粉碎、添加复合外源酶制剂以及二者互作对必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸和粗蛋白(CP)的AID均无显著影响(P005),但使CP的AID分别提高了163%,320%,382%(P005),ATTD分别提高433%,498%,415%(P005),对粗蛋白ATTD的改善效果优于AID。结论:超微粉碎处理对生长猪脱脂米糠饲粮中大多数矿物元素和主要氨基酸的AID和ATTD无显著影响;添加复合外源酶制剂处理则能显著提高脱脂米糠多种矿物元素的AID和ATTD,改善CP的AID,但对氨基酸的AID无显著影响;超微粉碎与添加外源酶制剂对脱脂米糠饲粮多种矿物元素以及CP的AID和ATTD的改善表现出明显的协同效果。     

脱脂米糠日粮添加复合酶制剂和阿魏酸酯酶对生长猪养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究脱脂米糠日粮添加多糖酶-植酸酶复合酶制剂和阿魏酸酯酶对生长猪养分消化率的影响。试验用6头安装回肠末端瘘管,初始体重约18㎏的阉割公猪(杜洛克×大白猪×长白猪)按3×3重复拉丁方设计,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础日粮(D),基础日粮+300 mg/kg复合酶(DC),基础日粮+300mg/kg复合酶+700 mg/kg阿魏酸酯酶(DCF)3种饲粮。结果表明,添加复合酶制剂能显著提高生长猪回肠末端干物质、灰分、粗纤维和总能在表观消化率,以及灰分和钙在全消化道表观消化率(P<0.05)。日粮中再添加阿魏酸酯酶能显著提高生长猪回肠末端灰分和钙表观消化率以及灰分在全消化道表观消化率(P<0.05)。酶制剂添加并不影响生长猪回肠末端氨基酸表观消化率(P>0.05)。结果提示复合酶制剂和阿魏酸酯酶可以改善米糠日粮在生长猪中的养分消化率。     

低能饲粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉鸭生长性能和养分回肠表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同酶制剂对低能饲粮条件下肉鸭乍长性能和养分回肠表观消化率的影响.选取784只1日龄健康樱桃谷肉公鸭,共设7个处理,每个处理7个重复,每个晕复16只鸭,试验分为前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d)两个阶段.处理1饲喂正对照(PC)饲粮(ME:前期12.13 MJ/kg,后期10.92 MJ/kg),处理7饲喂低能的负对照(NC)基础饲粮(ME:前期11.76 MJ/kg,后期10.59 MJ/kg),处理2～6在NC基础上分别添加500 mg/kg酶制剂A、200 uL/kg酶制剂B、150 uL/kg酶制剂C1、300 uL/kg酶制剂C2、200 uL/kg酶制剂D.试验基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕-菜粕-麦麸型饲粮,粉料,肉鸭为笼养.结果表明:(1)与正对照组相比,负对照组有降低肉鸭生产性能和养分回肠表观消化率的趋势(P>0.05);酶D组42 d体重、后期和全期增重最高,与酶A组差异显著(P<0.05),与其余各组差异不显著(P>0.05);各处理的采食量无显著差异;前期料重比以酶B组最大,与酶D组差异极显著(P<0.01),与正对照组和酶C1组差异显著(P<0.05);后期料重比各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);全期料重比以酶D组最小,与酶A、B,C2负对照组差异显著(P<0.05);(2)与负对照相比,酶C1和酶D组显著提高粗蛋白回肠表观消化率(P<0.05).由此可知,低能饲粮中添加200 uL/kg酶D或150 uL/kg酶C能够改善肉鸭的生长性能和回肠养分表观消化率;添加500 mg/kg酶A、200 uL/kg酶B或300 uL/kg酶C对肉鸭生长性能和养分消化率均无改善作用.     

脱脂DDGS对肥育猪养分表观消化率的影响

本实验旨在研究肥育猪日粮中添加不同比例的脱脂DDGS对养分表观消化率的影响。试验选用96头60kg左右的三元杂(杜×长×大)肥育猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪。试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮(玉米-豆粕型),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别添加8%、16%和24%脱脂DDGS代替部分玉米和豆粕。预试期7天,正试期45天,试验期共52天。研究结果表明,肥育猪日粮中添加脱脂DDGS可提高粗脂肪和磷的利用率,但显著降低粗蛋白、粗纤维及能量利用率。因此,脱脂DDGS在肥育猪日粮中的建议使用量不宜超过8%。     

胶原蛋白替代进口鱼粉对生长猪饲粮养分消化率的影响

制革废边角料(鞣制前的)经热喷处理所制成的胶原蛋白是一种新型动物性蛋白源,由于它营养丰富(粗蛋白达70～82%),安全无毒,而且还是一种天然的营养性饲料制粒助剂,因而具有很大的开发价值。在对这一资源进行开发时,有必要同步作利用技术研究。热喷胶原蛋白本身的消化率虽然很高,体外胃蛋白酶消化率可达90%以上,但用其替代饲粮中的鱼粉时,由于两者粗蛋白含量及氨基酸组成均存在差异,这是否会影响生     

饲用酶制剂对生长猪营养物质消化利用率的影响

选择８头体重１７ｋｇ,在回肠末端安装改进“Ｔ”型瘘管的断奶公仔猪,随机分为两组,分别饲喂添加复合酶和对照日粮,进行两次重复代谢试验和回肠末端食糜消化酶活性测定。试验结果表明,酶制剂可使饲料中主要营养物质、氨基酸的消化利用率和回肠末端食糜中蛋白酶类的活性略有提高,但与对照日粮无显著差异。试验组对饲料干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗灰分的消化率和消化能的转化率平均分别为８４．１６％,８８．７７％,８４．９２％,５４．０４％和８２．８１％。食糜和粪中的氨基酸平均消化率分别为８５．９％和７９．５％,两者差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。加酶组与对照组的淀粉酶、蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性分别为９２８１．３Ｕ／ｇ和９８９１．５Ｕ／ｇ,３４７．２Ｕ／ｇ和３０４．８Ｕ／ｇ,１０１７．６和７３７．８Ｕ／ｇ,２３．６Ｕ／ｇ和１６．８Ｕ／ｇ。     

通用酶制剂对生长肥育猪日粮养分消化率的影响

本文用4N盐酸不溶灰分内源指示剂法研究了通用酶制剂罗酶宝对生长肥育猪日粮养分消化率的影响。试验选取平均体重为27.47kg的健康猪只288头,公母各半,采用2×2双因子设计,分成4组,每组6个重复。结果表明,罗酶宝可显著提高27kg至出栏阶段猪日粮中营养的消化率及其消化能。     

棕榈仁粕饲粮添加碳水化合物酶对生长肥育猪生长性能、养分消化率和肉品质的影响

为研究棕榈仁粕饲粮添加碳水化合物酶对生长肥育猪生长性能、养分消化率和肉品质的影响,试验选择体重(50.45±1.91)kg的210头健康杜长大三元杂种生长猪,按体重相近、公母各半的原则,随机分为3组,正对照组饲喂基础饲粮,负对照组饲喂棕榈仁粕饲粮,复合酶制剂组饲喂负对照组饲粮+1 kg/t碳水化合物酶(主要为α-半乳糖苷酶、蛋白酶和β-甘露聚糖酶)。每组7个重复,每个重复10头生长猪。预试期3 d,正式试验期70 d。结果表明:1)与正对照组相比,负对照组显著降低了末重和日增重,但与复合酶制剂组差异不显著(P>0.05);2)负对照组的料重比显著高于复合酶制剂组和正对照组;3)与正对照组相比,负对照组和复合酶制剂组显著降低了干物质、氮和总能的表观消化率;4)负对照组干物质和总能的表观消化率显著低于复合酶制剂组;5)负对照组的大理石纹评分显著低于正对照组和复合酶制剂组(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,在该试验条件下,5%的棕榈仁粕饲粮降低了生长肥育猪的末重和日增重,增加了料重比,而添加1 kg/t碳水化合物酶一定程度上提高了养分消化率,改善了生长性能,且对肉品质无显著影响。     

高米糠粕日粮中添加酶制剂对番鸭生长性能的影响

选择22日龄商品代番鸭180只，研究在高米糠粕日粮中添加酶制剂对其生长性能的影响。结果表明：添加0．1％酶制剂使番鸭日增重提高10．83％（P〈0．01），饲料利用率提高10．35％（P〈0．01），肝重率提高16．87％（P〈0．01），腹脂率降低10．38％（P〉0．05）。添加酶制剂有利于番鸭羽毛生长，防止啄羽，试验第2、第3周加酶组啄羽率比对照组均下降50％。     

饲喂频率对生长猪饲粮养分消化率的影响

为研究饲喂频率对生长猪总能(GE)和养分的表观回肠消化率(AID)和表观全肠道消化率(ATTD)的影响,试验将24头回肠末端安装简单T型瘘管、平均初始体重为(40.7±1.3)kg的生长猪随机分到M2组(每天饲喂2次)和M12组(每天饲喂12次),每个处理组12个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期共9 d,包括5 d适应期,2 d粪样收集期和2 d食糜收集期。结果表明:平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和耗料增重比不受饲喂频率的影响(P0.1);饲喂频率对粗灰分、干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、碳水化合物(CHO)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)以及GE的AID无显著影响(P0.1);M2组的粗灰分、DM、EE、CP、NDF和GE的ATTD显著低于M12组(P0.05);M2组EE和ADF(P0.05)、NDF(P0.01)的后肠道消化率显著低于M12组;M2组ADF和CP的ATTD以及GE的后肠道消化率有低于M12组的趋势(P0.1)。由此可见,生长猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,GE和养分的AID不受饲喂频率的影响,但增加饲喂频率能提高GE和养分的后肠消化率和ATTD。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of an enzyme blend on the ileal and fecal digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a beta-glucanase-protease enzyme blend product (EBP) on fecal digestibility (FD), apparent ileal digestibility (AID), standardized ileal digestibility, and digestibility in the hindgut of growing pigs. Twelve ileal-cannulated, growing barrows (38.2 +/- 0.5 kg) were housed in individual metabolism crates, blocked by previous feed intake into 3 groups with 4 pigs each, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments within a square (group) of 3 replications of 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were basal diet (Basal), Basal + 0.05% of EBP (0.05% EBP), Basal + 0.10% of EBP (0.10% EBP), and hydrolyzed casein for measurement of endogenous amino acids. The Basal diet consisted of corn and soybean meal and was calculated to have 3.36 Mcal of ME/kg and 1.1% of total lysine, as-fed basis. Feed intake of each replicate of the Latin square during the first period was 85% of the minimum feed intake of the 4 pigs during the preliminary period and was equalized within each square. The feeding level was increased by 100 g/d in each subsequent period. Each of the experimental periods was 14 d, including 4 d of dietary adaptation, 5 d of fecal collection, 3 d of transition period, and 2 d of ileal collection. Ileal effluents were collected continuously for the same 12-h interval each day. Pigs fed the EBP demonstrated increased (P < 0.05) FD of DM, OM, energy, CP, nonfiber carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, acid-hydrolyzed fat, ash, Ca, and P compared with pigs fed Basal. The AID of NDF and hemicellulose was increased (P < 0.05) by supplying the EBP either at 0.05 or 0.10% in the diets, but AID of DM and energy was not increased. The AID of acid-hydrolyzed fat tended to be greater (P = 0.051) for the pigs fed the EBP than for those fed Basal. Ileal digestibility of most amino acids was not affected by treatment, but the EBP reduced the apparent and standardized digestibility of methionine, alanine, and serine (P < 0.05). The difference between FD and AID of hemicellulose was lower (P < 0.05) for the pigs fed the EBP than for those fed Basal. These results demonstrated that the EBP fed to growing pigs improved the FD of DM, OM, energy, CP, nonfiber carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, acid-hydrolyzed fat, Ca, and P, and the AID of NDF and hemi-cellulose, but the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids was not improved by supplying the EBP in corn-soybean meal-based diets of growing pigs.     

在玉米─大麦─豆粕型饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖酶对生长猪生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响

共采用３０ 头２０ 公斤重的杜×长×大生长猪,均分入３ 个处理组,分别饲以玉米－ 豆粕（ＣＳ） 、玉米－ 大麦－ 豆粕（ＣＢＳ） 和玉米－ 大麦－ 豆粕＋ ０－１ ％ β－ 葡聚糖酶（ 酶活性为２－８ 万Ｕ／ 克）（ＣＢＳＥ） 饲粮,饲喂至５０ 公斤,分别测定了猪的生产性能及总能（ＧＥ） 粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、粗纤维（ＣＦ） 的表观消化率。结果表明：在生长猪的ＣＢＳ饲粮中添加β－ 葡聚糖酶后,对猪的日增重、料重比有改善的趋,从而接近ＣＳ 饲粮的效果,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ;但可显著提高猪对饲粮ＧＥ、ＣＦ 的表观消化率（Ｐ≤０－０５） ,对ＣＰ 的表观消化率没有显著的改善作用（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） 。     

生长猪添加植酸酶对植物性蛋白饲料磷消化率的影响研究

采用4个3×3拉丁方设计对12头平均体重(42±5)kg杜×长×大阉猪进行消化试验,在基础日粮中分别添加0,250,500,1000 U/kg的植酸酶,评定植酸酶对菜籽粕、棉籽粕植酸磷和总磷消化率的影响.试验结果表明:(1)菜籽粕、棉籽粕中植酸磷消化率与植酸酶的添加量呈极显著二次曲线关系(P＜0.001).当植酸酶添加量分别为945U/kg和873 U/kg时.菜籽粕、棉籽粕中植酸磷消化率达到最优.(2)菜籽粕、棉籽粕总磷消化率随植酸酶添加量的增加而增加.(3)植酸磷的消化率与总磷表现消化率存在极显著线性关系(P＜0.001).     

Effects of different defatted rice bran sources and processing technologies on nutrient digestibility in cannulated growing pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different defatted rice bran (DFRB) sources and processing technologies on nutrient digestibility in different intestinal segments of pigs. Nine barrows with T-cannula in the distal ileum were randomly allotted to nine different sources in which oil was pressed extracted for seven sources and was solvent extracted for two sources. The experiment contained 6 periods of 12 d, including 8 d for diet adaptation, 2 d for fecal collection, and 2 d for digesta collection. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), ash, total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose in different sources of DFRB was quite variable. There were no differences in the AID of dietary gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) between different sources of DFRB. There were no differences in the AID of dietary EE, TDF, IDF, and hemicellulose between different processing technologies. Pressed DFRBs have greater (P < 0.05) average AID of dietary GE, DM, ash, OM, CP, SDF, and NDF and lower (P < 0.01) ADF compared with solvent-extracted DFRBs. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of most of the dietary nutrients, except for the ATTD of dietary EE, SDF, and hemicellulose, significantly varied in different sources of DFRB (P < 0.05). In addition, pressed DFRB had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of dietary SDF, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose compared with solvent-extracted DFRB. The apparent hindgut digestibility (AHD) of dietary DM, SDF, NDF, and ADF significantly varied (P <0.05) in different sources of DFRB. Exception with DM, there are no differences in the AHD of nutrients digestibility between pressed DFRB and solvent-extracted DFRB. In conclusion, DFRB in different sources and processing technologies with different physicochemical properties had different effects on nutrient digestibility in the foregut and hindgut of pigs.     

非淀粉多糖酶对生长猪玉米-豆粕型饲粮养分表观消化率的影响

本试验研究了在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶及α-半乳糖苷酶对生长猪饲粮干物质、粗蛋白质及能量表观消化率的影响。试验采用两个4×4拉丁方设计,选择平均体重为30kg左右的杜大长三元杂交健康去势公猪8头,共设8个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复1头。试验结果表明:添加非淀粉多糖酶组干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和能量(GE)的表观消化率均有提高,且添加酶Ⅱ效果最显著;添加不同水平α-半乳糖苷酶组其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和能量(GE)的表观消化率也均有提高,但差异不显著(P0.05),且添加量为0.6g/kg组效果最好。     

Effect of protein source and fumaric acid supplementation on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients by young pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of DM and N by young pigs fed diets supplemented with different protein sources or organic acids. Pigs were surgically fitted with silicone cannulas at 2 wk of age. Following surgery, pigs were allowed to recuperate with their dams while suckling normally. After weaning at 24 d, pigs were assigned to treatment diets at 28 d of age. A 3-d adjustment and 4-d collection sequence was followed for the duration of the 4-wk experiment. Four treatment diets were fed in each experiment in a weekly rotation until each diet had been fed to each pig. Diet samples and digesta collected through the ileal cannulas were analyzed for chromic oxide (used as an indigestible marker), DM, and N. Pigs in Exp. 1 were fed isolysinic (1.0%) corn-based diets supplemented with casein, soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, or isolated soy protein. Casein addition resulted in improved DM (P less than .001) and N (P less than .05) digestibility but reduced gain (P less than .05) compared with the average of the soy protein sources. Nitrogen from diets formulated with soybean meal was digested more completely (P less than .05) than N from diets based on soy protein concentrate and isolated soy protein. Experiment 2 was an evaluation of the effect of dried skim milk (25%) and fumaric acid (2%) addition on apparent ileal digestibility of N and DM in corn-soybean meal diets. Addition of dried skim milk improved DM (P less than .01) and N (P less than .05) digestibility and daily gain (P less than .001). Fumaric acid supplementation did not affect nutrient digestibility or gain (P greater than .10).     

米糠常规营养成分表现消化率及氨基酸回肠末端消化率的测定

米糠是稻谷加工的主要副产品,由稻谷的果皮、种皮、外胚层、糊粉层、胚及少量胚乳组成.我国年产稻谷1.7亿吨左右,稻谷的出糠率在6%～7%之间,因此,我国的米糠饲料资源在1 100万吨以上.     

Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation to corn- and soybean meal-based or complex diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites in growing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous enzymes on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients, blood metabolites, fecal VFA, and fecal ammonia-N in growing pigs (Sus scrofa) fed a corn (Zea mays L.)- and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal (SBM)-based diet. In Exp. 1, 240 growing barrows (initial BW: 55.6 ± 0.9 kg) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments on the basis of BW. There were 4 replicates in each treatment with 12 pigs per replicate. The 5 treatments consisted of a corn-SBM-based control diet and 4 additional diets were similar to the control diet, with the exception that 0.05% β-mannanase (M), α-amylase + β-mannanase (AM), β-mannanase + protease (MPr), or α-amylase + β-mannanase + protease (AMP) was added to the diets, which were fed for 28 d. Pigs fed the AM, MPr, or AMP diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the AMP diet also had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the M, AM, or MPr diet. Pigs fed the AMP diet had greater (P < 0.05) G:F than pigs fed the control diet. The G:F of the pigs fed the M, AM, or MPr diet were not different (P > 0.05) from the G:F in pigs fed the AMP or control diet. The ADFI, ATTD of nutrients, blood metabolites, and fecal VFA and ammonia-N concentrations were not different among treatments. In Exp. 2, 192 growing barrows (initial BW: 56.9 ± 1.0 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments. There were 4 replicates in each treatment with 12 pigs per replicate. Pigs were fed a corn-SBM-based diet (CSD) or a complex diet (CD) that contained corn, SBM, 3% rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal, 3% copra (Cocos nucifera L.) meal, and 3% palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) kernel meal. Each diet was prepared without exogenous enzymes or with 0.05% AMP and all diets were fed for 28 d. The ADG and G:F of pigs fed the CSD were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CD. However, the type of diet had no effect on the ATTD of nutrients, blood metabolites, or fecal VFA and ammonia-N, and there was no diet × enzyme interaction for any of the measured variables. Supplementation of diets with exogenous enzymes resulted in greater (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, ATTD of DM, GE, and CP, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration. These results indicate that supplementation of 0.05% of AMP enzymes to a corn-SBM diet or a complex diet may improve the performance of growing pigs.     

发酵花生粕对生长猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响

皆在探讨生长猪饲粮中用发酵花生粕替代部分豆粕对生长猪生产性能及养分表观消化率的影响。选用40头平均体重为(2961±302)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头猪,其中:对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加8%发酵花生粕。结果表明:试验组的日增重比对照组显著提高了78%(P005),料重比显著降低了81%(P005);试验组粗蛋白质、钙和磷的消化率分别比对照组显著提高了216%(P005)、425%(P005)和600%(P005),但能量、粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率各组间差异不显著(P005)。综合各项指标,单一的豆粕调整为豆粕和发酵花生粕后能改善生长猪的生产性能和养分消化率。