犬乳腺肿瘤的病理组织学观察及p63蛋白的表达

通过对35例犬乳腺肿瘤的临床病史调查、光学显微镜观察和免疫组化染色,探讨了犬乳腺肿瘤的临床病理形态学特点、诊断和鉴别诊断.结果显示34例发生在5岁以上,6岁～10岁为发病高峰期;51.4％的病例为恶性肿瘤,其中44.4％的乳腺癌发生转移.免疫组化染色结果显示,在正常乳腺和良性肿瘤组织中,p63蛋白100％表达,并且仅仅...     

混合有软骨成分的犬乳腺肿瘤的病理组织学观察

本文对3例混有软骨成分的犬乳腺肿瘤进行了病理组织学观察和分析。利用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色方法对肿瘤组织进行染色,并采用兔抗Ⅱ胶原抗体进行免疫组织化学染色,在光学显微镜下进行观察。根据病理切片与免疫组织化学检查,结合相关文献资料分析这3个病例,2例为乳腺良性混合瘤,1例为复合性乳腺癌。3个病例的肿瘤组织中均混有软骨成分。     

犬猫乳腺肿瘤的组织病理学诊断

<正>犬猫乳腺肿瘤是兽医临床上常见的一种肿瘤疾病,约占母犬母猫肿瘤疾病总发病率的50%,公犬公猫则比较少见。据国外文献记载,犬的乳腺肿瘤是仅次于皮肤肿瘤的最常见肿瘤,约50%为恶性;猫的乳腺是仅次于肝脏和皮肤的最易发生肿瘤的组织,     

24例20种犬肿瘤的病理组织学观察

对犬的皮脂腺瘤、肛周腺腺瘤、肛周腺癌、毛基质瘤、间叶性软骨肉瘤、腺样型基底细胞上皮瘤、囊样型基底细胞上皮瘤、水母样型基底细胞上皮瘤、混合型基底细胞上皮瘤、基底鳞状细胞上皮瘤、甲状腺腺瘤、肥大细胞瘤、组织细胞瘤、乳腺良性混合瘤(软骨腺瘤)、乳腺良性混合瘤(肌上皮腺瘤)、恶性肌上皮细胞瘤、乳腺恶性混合瘤(癌肉瘤)、汗腺囊性增生、汗腺腺瘤、汗腺癌等20种24例肿瘤(良性肿瘤14种,恶性肿瘤6种)作了详细的病理组织学描述。     

犬乳腺肿瘤治疗的研究进展

乳腺肿瘤是犬常见的肿瘤类型,研究犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗可以对人类乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供参考.归纳了近年来国内外乳腺肿瘤的治疗方法及进展,提出了犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗建议,为犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供了理论参考和依据.     

犬乳腺肿瘤病理组织学观察及ER PR C-erbB-2的表达分析

通过对20例犬乳腺肿瘤进行病理组织学观察、免疫组织化学染色,探讨犬乳腺肿瘤病理形态学特点,ER、PR、Cerb B-2表达与乳腺肿瘤的关系。结果显示,20例犬乳腺肿瘤,70%为恶性肿瘤,其中良性肿瘤有导管内乳头状瘤和纤维性瘤,恶性肿瘤有浸润性导管癌,单纯癌,小叶原位癌,癌肉瘤,腺癌,恶性肿瘤发病率高于良性肿瘤。免疫组化结果显示-ER、PR在良性肿瘤的表达率均高于恶性肿瘤,P<0.05,差异显著;C-erb B-2在恶性肿瘤中的表达高于良性肿瘤,P<0.05,差异显著。提示,犬乳腺肿瘤恶性肿瘤发病率较高,ER、PR、C-erb B-2对犬乳腺肿瘤发病中的诊断、治疗及预后有重要意义。     

犬的乳腺肿瘤

乳腺肿瘤是母犬最常见的一类疾病,9-11岁的老龄母犬多见,公犬少见。美国的一项调查发现,乳腺肿瘤占犬类所有肿瘤的13．4％,而这些肿瘤有41．7％发生在未节育的母犬。犬的乳腺肿瘤以小型狮子狗、英国的斯普林斯班尼犬、考克斯班尼犬、塞特种猎狗、德国牧羊犬、马耳他犬、约克郡犬、德国猎犬的发病率较高。     

犬乳腺肿瘤的诊治

犬的乳腺肿瘤是犬最常发的肿瘤病,仅次于皮肤肿瘤。笔者自１９９９年至此２００１年间共收治了乳腺瘤病犬３例,经手术摘除治疗,预后良好,现将诊疗体会介绍如下。１ 病例临诊     

犬乳腺肿瘤的超声断层扫描诊断

在１９只患乳腺肿瘤的母犬研究超声断层扫描技术诊断乳腺肿瘤的有效性和可靠性。首先用超声图像评估乳腺病变的形状,大小,回声及其与周围组织的关系;之后切除肿瘤,进行组织学检查。通过比较超声图像及组织学检查结果,表明在１１例恶性肿瘤中,有９例的肿瘤声图像为不规则的多边形,所有１１例的肿瘤内部回声为非均匀的,７例的肿瘤超声图像规则,呈现为圆球形或卵圆形图像,所有８例的肿瘤内部回声为均质的,且都表现回声增强,     

血管内皮生长因子在犬乳腺肿瘤中的表达

血管内皮生长因子是一种同源二聚体多肽,能够刺激血管上皮细胞迁移和增值,是血管发生的关键,它在肿瘤的生长和转移中起重要作用。血管内皮生长因子不仅可以作为临床上判断犬乳腺肿瘤预后的有效指标,而且为犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗开创了新途径。     

Microsatellite instability in canine mammary gland tumors

BACKGROUND: Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and may be required for the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations within cells. One form of genomic instability occurs in tandem nucleotide repeats and is known as microsatellite instability (MSI). HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that MSI can be observed in canine mammary gland tumors (MGT) and represents a potential carcinogenic mechanism in dogs. ANIMALS: Thirty-five dogs with MGTs and 9 dogs with other tumors were recruited from the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center and referring veterinary clinics. METHODS: A panel of 21 canine microsatellite (MS) markers was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from blood and from fresh or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. PCR products were evaluated by using capillary electrophoresis, and the chromatograms were analyzed by using genotyping software. MS genotypes obtained from fresh and formalin-fixed tumor tissues were compared, as were MS genotypes from normal tissue and tumor tissue. RESULTS: Genotypes obtained from formalin-fixed and fresh tissues were identical for all MS in 9 tumors evaluated, suggesting excellent concordance between the 2 sample types. For the 35 canine mammary tumors evaluated, 13 (37%) had stable genotypes; 22 (63%) exhibited aberrations in 1 or 2 MS; and 4 tumors (11%) demonstrated high-level instability, with aberrations in 29 to 61% of MS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although some low-level MSI often is observed, high-level MSI is an infrequent finding in canine mammary tumors. Further evaluations are required to better characterize this phenomenon and to determine its relevance to canine carcinogenesis.     

The expression of sialyl Lewis X in canine and feline mammary gland tumors

The expression of sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)) in 93 canine and 15 feline mammary gland tumors (MGT) obtained by surgical resection at Veterinary Medical Center, the University of Tokyo was examined by immunohistochemistry. Their clinicopathological features and prognosis were also reviewed. Approximately 60% of MGT tissues showed sLe(x) positive expressions, while all normal mammary gland tissues were negative. However, its expression was not correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis significantly. This study suggests that sLe(x) may be a tumor-associated antigen in canine and feline MGTs.     

The expression of carbonic anhydrase in canine mammary gland and mammary gland tumor

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), a metallo-enzyme containing zinc, broadly distributes in mammalian tissues and participates in physiological regulation such as respiration, acid-base balance, ion transport, bone resorption, as well as the development of tumor by the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. However the expression of CA in the tissue of mammary gland tumor was not documented. In this study we examine the histolocalization and gene expression of CA in both normal canine mammary gland tissue and mammary gland tumor by histochemical examination, and RT-PCR. Four mRNA expression of CA isoenzymes, such as CA II, IV, VI and IX were found under RT-PCR analysis and different band patterns were found between normal canine mammary tissue and canine mammary gland tumor tissue. CA II, IV, VI and IX gene mRNA expression were found in the normal mammary gland tissue, indicating CA II, IV, VI and IX are likely to be the essential enzymes to maintain the normal physiological condition of canine mammary gland tissue cells. However the expression of CA IV was not found in the tissue of malignant mammary gland tumor that may become the marker for the prognostic recognition of canine mammary gland tumor.     

Telomere length and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors

OBJECTIVE: To measure telomere length and telomerase activity in naturally occurring canine mammary gland tumors. SAMPLE POPULATION: 27 mammary gland tumor specimens obtained during resection or necropsy and 12 mammary gland tissue specimens obtained from healthy (control) dogs. PROCEDURE: Telomere length in tissue specimens was measured by use of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis. Telomerase activity was measured by use of a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. RESULTS: Telomere length in mammary gland tumors ranged from 11.0 to 21.6 kilobase pairs (kbp; mean +/- SEM, 14.5+/-0.5 kbp) but did not differ among tumor types. Telomeres in mammary gland tumors were slightly shorter than in normal tissue specimens, but telomere length could not be directly compared between groups, because mean age of dogs was significantly different between groups. Age was negatively correlated with telomere length in control dogs but was not significantly correlated with length in affected dogs. Telomerase activity was detected in 26 of 27 mammary gland tumors and in 4 of 12 normal tissue specimens. However, telomerase activity and telomere length were not correlated in tumor specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Telomere length is maintained in canine mammary gland tumors regardless of the age of the affected dog. Measurement of telomere length may be a useful tool for monitoring the in vivo effects of telomerase inhibitors in dogs with tumors.     

Cellular proliferative and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors

In canine mammary tumors, we examined the telomerase activity, proliferative activity by proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry, and percentage of apoptotic cells by the deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. The relationship between these measures and histopathologic malignancy was also investigated. PCNA index was highest in malignant tumors (adenocarcinoma: 27.0%; malignant mixed tumor: 15.7%), followed by benign tumors (adenoma: 4.4%; benign mixed tumor: 5.3%), hyperplasia (2.1%), and normal mammary gland (0.9%). In adenoma and adenocarcinoma, papillary and solid types showing higher cellularity tended to have higher PCNA indices than did cystic and tubular types. Although the TUNEL index was <1% in all cases, the relationship between this measure and histopathologic diagnosis showed the same tendency as observed in PCNA immunostaining. Telomerase activity was detectable in all adenomas, benign mixed tumors, and adenocarcinomas examined. In contrast, all normal mammary glands, hyperplasias, and malignant mixed tumors were negative for telomerase. Relative telomerase activity (RTA) of adenocarcinoma (56.5) was significantly higher than that of adenoma (27.8) and benign mixed tumor (33.9), and a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) was noted between RTA and PCNA index. No significant correlations were noted between either PCNA or TUNEL index and clinical features such as metastasis and tumor diameter. PCNA index and telomerase activity may be useful markers for judging malignancy of canine mammary tumors.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in canine mammary tumors

Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been implicated in various cancers in humans. However, expression of COX-2 has not been investigated in canine mammary tumors. Normal mammary gland (n = 4), simple or complex adenomas (n = 63), and simple or complex adenocarcinomas (n = 84) were studied by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that COX-2 was not expressed in the normal gland but was detected in 24% of adenomas and in 56% of adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001). The incidence of COX-2 expression and the intensity of the COX-2 signal were higher in adenocarcinomas than in adenomas (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate for the first time that COX-2 is induced in a proportion of canine mammary tumors and that COX-2 expression is more frequent and more intense in malignant than in benign tumors, suggesting a potential role for COX-2 in canine mammary tumorigenesis.     

Plasma free amino acid profiles of canine mammary gland tumors

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between plasma free amino acid (PFAA) levels and the clinical stages of mammary gland tumors (MGT) in dogs. PFAA levels in canines with malignant mammary tumors were decreased compared to those of healthy animals. The levels of aspartate and ornithine, in the dogs with tumor metastasis were significantly decreased when compared to those of dogs that did not have metastases. Results of this study indicate that PFAA levels could be a risk factor or biomarker for canine MGT metastasis.     

Alpha basic crystallin expression in canine mammary tumors

The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic and/or diagnostic factors of canine mammary tumors by immunohistochemically analyzing the expression of alpha basic crystallin (αB-c). For this, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of 51 naturally-occurring canine mammary tumors (11 benign and 40 malignant) were used. Tissue from eight normal canine mammary glands were served as a control. Immunohistochemically, in the control mammary tissues, a few luminal epithelial cells were αB-c positive but myoepithelial cells were negative. In benign or simple type malignant tumors, αB-c expression was observed in luminal epithelial cells while the myoepithelial basal cells were negative. In benign or complex type malign tumors, positive staining was predominantly found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Immunoreactivity of αB-c was also observed in neoplastic myoepithelial cells. Statistically, the number of cells immunolabeled with αB-c was found to be significantly different among tissues from normal canine mammary glands, benign lesions, and malignant tumors (p < 0.05). αB-c immunoreactivity was higher in malignant tumors than the control mammary tissues (p < 0.001). Data obtained in the current study revealed a strong association between high expression levels of αB-c and primary mammary gland tumors in canines.