初情期母牦牛乏情的产生机理探讨

青藏高原地区母牦牛繁殖率普遍偏低,初情期母牦牛的乏情情况较为普遍,严重影响其繁殖性能.为探究初情期母牦牛乏情产生的机理,以其营养代谢为切入点,对乏情和发情的初情期母牦牛的血液各类指标进行了检测.结果表明,乏情组母牦牛促性腺激素(GnRH)、促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌激素(E2)和孕酮(P4)均显著低于发情...     

不同外源性激素对乏情母牦牛处理效果的研究

选择420头体况维持在2.0~3.0的当年产犊乏情母牦牛分3个组,用3种不同的方法进行诱导发情处理。第1组:注射GnRH-PG-GnRH;第2组:注射GnRH-PG-E2;第3组:注射PG-GnRH。结果表明:第1组、第2组和第3组经不同的处理后,发情率分别为70.00%(98/140)、54.29%(76/140)、52.14%(73/140),受胎率分别为48.57%(68/140)、34.28%(48/140)、21.43%(30/140)。第1组发情率分别显著高于其它2个组(P0.05);采用GnRH-PG-GnRH处理方案,通过三年扩大试验,发现牦牛平均发情率在66.67%(72/108)以上,受胎率在44.44%(48/108)以上。     

两种方法治疗母牦牛乏情的比较研究

选择30头空怀1年的乏情母牦牛，随机分成2组，第1组用传统的藏兽医方法进行治疗；第2组用孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）和绒毛模促性腺激素（HCG）进行治疗。结果表明，第1组发情率为33．3％，第2组发情率为55．6％，第2组发情率比第1组高22．3％（P＜0．05）。     

不同年龄青年母牦牛生殖激素含量测定

采用ELISA方法对青海海晏地区85头(1岁、3岁各30头,2岁25头)牦牛进行生殖激素含量的测定,结果发现:不同年龄母牦牛FSH含量测定平均值为7.564±1.838IU/L,14.347±6.616IU/L,16.637±4.96IU/L;不同年龄母牦牛LH含量测定平均值为32.557±6.453ng/L,53.983±30.081 ng/L,51.389±15.53ng/L;不同年龄母牦牛GnRH含量测定平均值为37.476ng/L,77.282±36.774ng/L,81.089±16.355ng/L。生殖激素含量的测定对牦牛发情和乏情的研究,以及提高牦牛繁殖生产性能具有重要意义。     

不同生殖激素对乏情母猪的应用效果

据笔者观察,初产母猪断奶后20天以上不发情的母猪比例约占可繁母猪群的15%～20%,对猪场母猪年生产力的影响较大.为验证头胎母猪断奶后乏情是否与其卵巢内持久黄体存在有关,以及采取何种方法处理效果较佳,特采用以下目前常用的3种不同处理方法进行试验.     

不同生殖激素对乏情母猪的应用效果试验

通过目前常用的3种不同生殖激素处理乏情母猪的效果比较，证实氯前列烯醇（PGF）＋孕马血清促性胰激素（PMSG）组效果最佳，2周内发情率为93．3％，受胎率为85．7％，分娩率为78．5％，平均窝产仔数9．7头，窝产活仔数9．45头。     

青海高原牦牛乏情期卵巢形态和卵泡的观测

随着西部大开发和退耕还株 (草 )政策的进一步实施 ,占全国牦牛总数的 38.2 3% 〔1〕的青海牦牛的开发和利用将显得越来越重要 ,牦牛肉和牦牛的副产品受到愈来愈多国内外消费者的青睐。为了进一步加快牦牛资源的开发和利用 ,加速牦牛的转化速度和改善卵巢功能 ,提高牦牛的繁殖性能提供一些基础理论依据 ,对青海牦牛在乏情期的卵巢形态和卵泡进行了观测。1　材料与方法1 .1　供试牦牛 :本试验于 2 0 0 0年 1 0～ 1 1月份 (牦牛乏情季节 )选择生活在青海高原上 (天峻县 ,平均海拔为 34 0 0ｍ)的 1 5头成年未孕母牦牛作为试验牛。1 .2　 试验方…     

初情期母牦牛下丘脑kiss-1/GPR54系统基因克隆

应用聚合酶链反应和基因克隆技术,对10头初情期母牦牛下丘脑kiss-1/GPR54系统基因进行扩增和基因克隆。结果表明,kiss-1基因拼接后序列全长为291bp,其中CDS序列长为282bp,序列中碱基组分为腺嘌呤20.62%,鸟嘌呤27.14%,胸腺嘧啶23.37%,胞嘧啶28.87%。共编码95个氨基酸,其中丙氨酸占总氨基酸残基的11.58%,亮氨酸占10.52%,丝氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸各占9.47%。GPR54基因拼接后序列全长为202bp,其中CDS序列长为196bp,序列中碱基组分为腺嘌呤16.34%,鸟嘌呤30.69%,胸腺嘧啶17.82%,胞嘧啶35.15%。GPR54基因共编码66个氨基酸,其中脯氨酸占总氨基酸残基的13.63%,甘氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸各占10.60%,半胱氨酸占9.09%。     

对母牛产后乏情期的人工控制

对３０头产后乏情母牛,用生殖激素人工控制乏情期,诱导排卵,定期输精,繁殖成活率达５０％,比自然繁殖成活率提高了２６．７个百分点。     

发情期和乏情期哈萨克羊垂体差异表达基因筛选及功能预测

垂体是哺乳动物重要的内分泌器官之一,主要通过调控激素合成来调节动物发情。为了研究绵羊垂体系统在发情状态和乏情状态之间的基因表达差异,本研究使用RNA-seq技术分析了发情期和乏情期哈萨克羊垂体前叶的转录组数据。通过比较转录组数据发现:在发情期和乏情期的哈萨克羊垂体中共筛选出了3 211个差异表达的基因,其中包含298个上调的和2 913个下调的基因。利用GO和KEGG富集分析这些差异表达的基因发现:它们被显著地富集在卵母细胞减数分裂和孕酮介导的卵母细胞成熟等调控发情的信号通路上,提示这些基因在调控哈萨克羊发情状态中发挥着不可或缺的作用。本研究丰富了绵羊的转录组资源,为今后深入研究绵羊季节发情机制、提高绵羊繁殖率打下了良好的基础。     

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in primary reproductive organs of the female yak (Bos grunniens) at different reproductive stages

The yak (Bos grunniens) is the most important livestock animal in high-altitude regions owing to its prominent adaptability to cold conditions, nutritional deficiencies and hypoxia. The reproductive organs exhibit different histological appearances and physiological processes at different reproductive stages. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is the regulatory subunit of HIF-1 that crucially regulates the response to hypoxia in mammalian organisms. The goal of our study was to investigate the expression and distribution of HIF-1α in the primary yak reproductive organs at different reproductive stages. Samples of the ovary, oviduct and uterus of 15 adult female yaks were collected and used in the experiment. The expression and localization of HIF-1α proteins and mRNA were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results indicated that the expression of HIF-1α protein in the ovary was higher during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and gestation period (p < .05). In the oviduct, HIF-1α protein was also more highly expressed during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and gestation period (p < .01). However, in the uterus, the HIF-1α protein had stronger expression during the gestation period than during the follicular phase (p < .01) and luteal phase (p < .05). The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was similar to that of its protein. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense immunostaining of HIF-1α proteins in the follicular granulosa cells, granular luteal cells, villous epithelial cells of the oviduct, endometrial glandular epithelium and luminal epithelium, foetal villous trophoblast, and epithelia of caruncular crypts. This study showed that the expression of HIF-1α in the ovary, oviduct and uterus varies according to the stage of the reproductive cycle. This implies that HIF-1α plays an important role in regulating the stage-specific physiological function of yak reproductive organs under hypoxic environments.     

Sexual maturity,seasonal estrus,and gestation in female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus inferred from serum reproductive hormones

Reproductive hormones in serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone in female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus, n = 12) housed in Ocean Park Hong Kong were investigated in the present study. Results showed that, onset of puberty of captive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins was at 5 years while sexual maturity was at 6. Average serum progesterone concentrations in non-pregnant sexually mature individuals was 0.33 (0.25–0.97) ng/mL (interquartile), significantly higher than in immature ones 0.26 (0.25–0.38) ng/mL. This study found significant difference in serum estradiol concentrations between individuals at the onset of puberty (9.5 ± 1.7 pg/mL, ±SD) and not (below detection limit 9 pg/mL). A slightly seasonal breeding pattern, with progesterone values tend to be higher from February to October (0.38 [0.25–1.07] ng/mL) was inferred. During pregnancy, serum progesterone concentrations range from 10.54 ± 8.74 ng/mL (indexed month post-conception [IMPC] 0) to 25.49 ± 12.06 ng/mL (IMPC 2), and display a bimodal pattern with 2 peaks in early- (25.49 ± 12.06 ng/mL, IMPC 2) and late-pregnancy (21.71 ± 10.25 ng/mL, IMPC 12), respectively. Serum estradiol concentrations can seldom be detected in early-pregnancy and increase constantly in mid- (9.45 ± 1.83 pg/mL) and late-pregnancy (11.88 ± 3.81 pg/mL), with a spike (15.45 ± 6.78 pg/mL) 1 month prior to delivery. Serum testosterone concentrations elevate significantly in IMPC 7 (0.36 ± 0.10 ng/mL) compared to other months (0.16 ± 0.10 ng/mL) of the year. The present study provides normal concentration profiles for some reproductive hormones in female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins and can contribute to the breeding monitoring of this species. Also, our study would shed further light on the reproductive physiology of small cetaceans.     

小尾寒羊同期发情技术优化及其血清生殖激素的变化

为了优化绵羊同期发情技术,本试验分析了不同外源激素对小尾寒羊的同期发情效果,并进行生殖激素测定。将80只健康、空怀的经产小尾寒羊随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。采用单因素设计,分别用CIDR+PMSG、PG+PMSG进行同期发情处理,并在处理期间每组随机抽取4只小尾寒羊空腹颈静脉采血,采用放射免疫法测定血清中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、促黄体素(LH)、促卵泡素(FSH)的浓度。结果表明:CIDR+PMSG组小尾寒羊同期发情率、受胎率分别为82.50%、75.00%,均显著高于PG+PMSG处理组(P0.05);CIDR+PMSG组小尾寒羊颈静脉血液中E2浓度在撤栓24 h上升至峰值(8.64±0.13)pg/m L,显著高于撤栓时、撤栓48 h的浓度(P0.05),P4浓度在撤栓7d显著高于撤栓24 h、撤栓48 h(P0.05),LH、FSH浓度变化曲线与E2相似,都是在撤栓24 h显著升高;PG+PMSG组除LH在二次注射后的第2天、第3天显著升高(P0.05),其余3种激素浓度差异不显著(P0.05)。总之,与PG+PMSG相比,CIDR+PMSG可以显著提高小尾寒羊同期发情效率,并且发情高峰期在撤栓后的24 h前后,因此,人工输精选择在撤栓后12h~36h之间进行为佳。     

母犬发情周期各阶段阴道上皮细胞的种类和形态

在母犬发情周期的四个阶段分别采集其阴道分泌物,涂片、染色、镜检,观察母犬每个阶段阴道上皮细胞的种类和形态特征,为阴道涂片法的应用提供有效的试验依据.     

泌乳早期发情和乏情奶牛机体代谢和生殖机能的变化

在某一集约化牛场,随机选取奶牛30头,在奶牛产后发情期(50～90 d)内根据奶牛是否发情将奶牛分为发情组和乏情组。通过对试验奶牛血液生化指标(Glu、BHBA、NEFA)、内分泌指标(FSH、LH、LP、E2、P4)等进行调查和检测。结果显示:当奶牛发情时,机体血浆Glu、FSH、LH、E2和LP浓度高,血浆NEFA、P4浓度低,但乏情时正好相反。当奶牛发情时,血浆leptin与LH、E2呈显著正相关,与P4呈显著负相关,但乏情奶牛未呈现相关性。这些结果提示奶牛乏情与机体能量代谢状况和Ins、Gn、E2、P4、Lp分泌少有关。能量平衡能促进奶牛产后发情,与机体高水平血糖、Lp、FSH、LH、E2和低水平P4、NEFA有关。LP是奶牛泌乳早期发情的一个重要调控因子,在奶牛产后能量平衡、生产性能和繁殖性能之间起到一个平衡纽带的作用。     

超细品系羊非发情季节同期发情实用技术研究--配种公羊对同期发情效果的对比分析

对中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)超细品系乏情季节不同配种公羊对同期发情效果的影响作了对比分析.结果证明,成年公羊配种比周岁公羊好,1060、1063、1073号公羊的效果比1068、1069、1070、3021号公羊好.     

不同饲养模式对群养初产母猪血清生殖激素水平的影响

选用90头4月龄、体重相近的长大二元初产母猪,随机分3个组:群养群饲(对照Ⅰ组)、限位栏饲养(对照Ⅱ组)和智能化饲喂试验组,每组30头,研究不同饲养模式对群养初产母猪血清生殖激素水平的影响。结果:在试验第12、15天血清孕酮含量以及雌二醇峰值试验组显著高于对照Ⅰ和对照Ⅱ组(P0.05),对照Ⅰ和对照Ⅱ组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。血清促黄体素和促卵泡素浓度在各个检测点试验组均低于对照Ⅰ和对照Ⅱ组,但差异不显著(P0.05),对照Ⅰ和对照Ⅱ组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。此外,智能化饲喂饲养模式使母猪之间有了行为、社交与心理的交流,避免了神经官能症、刻板和规癖等行为,从而在心理上健全了母猪的体质,使母猪运动量增加,符合母猪生长、生活习性,实现动物福利。     

The effect of hormonal stimulation on the follicle population in the ovaries of ewes during estrus and anestrus

In the oestral and anoestral periods, 129 ewes of the Slovak Merino breed were treated with different doses of the stimulants PMSG, PGF2 alpha, HCG, SG and FSH after synchronization by means of Ageline tampons. In the anoestral period, PMSG doses of 750 and 1000 i. u. were found to increase the number of tertiary follicles from 12.3 to 17.2 and 18.6, whereas the dose of 1500 i. u. was found to reduce this number from 18.6 to 13.5. PGF2 alpha increases the average number of tertiary follicles from 12.3 to 22.2 and when it is combined with 750 i. u. PMSG, the increase is to 29.3 tertiary follicles. At higher PMSG doses the ratio of atretic (A) to non-atretic (N) tertiary follicles rose and the number of ovulations increased from 2.5 to 4.0. After synchronization with Ageline and administration of PMSG at the doses of 750 and 1000 i. u., the number of tertiary follicles increased from 16.0 to 18.4 and the number of ovulations from 3.1 to 5.7; the number of atretic tertiary follicles showed no change. In the oestral period, the dose of 1000 i. u. PMSG administered after PGF2 alpha reduced the number of tertiary follicles from 18.9 to 14.5 and increased the number of ovulation from 1.6 to 2.6; an increase was also recorded in the number of atretic tertiary follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)