日粮添加酵母水解物对罗非鱼生长性能的影响

以吉富罗非鱼为试验对象,在基础饲料中添加1.0％、1.5％、2.0％的酵母水解物,研究不同剂量的酵母水解物对其生长性能的影响.结果表明:在吉富罗非鱼饵料中添加不同水平的酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼的成活率、肝体指数、脏体指数无显著性影响(P>0.05).试验2组和试验3组吉富罗非鱼的试验末重比对照组显著分别提高了14.19％...     

饵料中添加酵母水解物对鲈鱼生长性能的影响

在鲈鱼基础饵料中分别添加0 g/kg、3.0 g/kg、5.0 g/kg、7.0 g/kg的酵母水解物,研究鲈鱼饵料中不同水平的酵母水解物对其生长性能的影响.结果显示:在鲈鱼饵料中添加不同水平的酵母水解物对鲈鱼的生长性能产生了积极的影响.其中,试验2组、试验3组鲈鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试...     

饲料中添加酵母硒对草鱼生长性能的影响

以草鱼为试验对象,研究在草鱼饵料中添加不同剂量的酵母硒对其生长性能的影响.试验选取600尾体重相近、健康无病的的草鱼随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复15尾草鱼.对照组草鱼饲喂基础饵料,试验组草鱼饲喂分别在基础饵料中添加1 mg/kg(试验1组)、2 mg/kg(试验2组)、4 mg/kg(试验3组)的酵母硒,试验...     

酵母水解物对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶活性和肠道形态的影响

本实验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母水解物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、血清生化指标、肝胰腺消化酶活性以及肠道形态的影响。酵母水解物添加量分别为0%、1%、3%和5%,配制4种等氮等脂(42.5%粗蛋白和8.5%粗脂肪)的实验饲料。选取初始体重为(1.86±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾,进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果表明饲料中添加5%酵母水解物组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于对照组(P0.05),而该组饲料系数(FCR)最低(P0.05)。对虾全虾粗蛋白含量随饲料中酵母水解物的增加而呈上升趋势,且5%酵母水解物添加组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。添加5%的酵母水解物显著提高了凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白(TP)和甘油三酯(TG)含量,降低了谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活性(P0.05)。各处理组肝胰腺淀粉酶活性和对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但3%酵母水解物添加组的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3%酵母水解物添加组的对虾肠道皱襞高度和皱襞宽度显著高于对照组(P0.05),而5%添加组的微绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加3%~5%的酵母水解物能有效改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能、提高饲料利用率、促进消化吸收以及改善肠道形态学指标。     

不同类型青贮饲料对肉牛生长性能的影响综述

青贮是畜禽养殖过程中经常使用的粗饲料保存方法之一,且青贮后的粗饲料具有易保存、适口性好、营养价值高、消化率高的特点,广泛应用于肉牛养殖业中。不同类型的青贮营养价值不同,总结了不同类型青贮对肉牛长发育性能、繁殖性能、免疫性能等产生的影响：全株玉米青贮可以提高生长发育速度;秸秆类青贮原料更广泛,合理饲喂可促进肉牛生长、提高养殖经济效益;牧草类青贮可改善牛肉品质;糟渣类青贮可保留更多营养元素,降低养殖成本。     

红鱼粉饲料中添加海洋红酵母对大菱鲆生长性能的影响

为研究用红鱼粉替代白鱼粉,并在替代饲料中添加两个不同梯度海洋红酵母对大菱鲆生长性能、体成分以及形体指标的影响。试验用白鱼粉、红鱼粉、海洋红酵母1 g／kg＋红鱼粉、海洋红酵母2 g／kg＋红鱼粉4种等氮等能的试验饲料分别饲喂初始体质量（213．48±0．23） g的大菱鲆,480尾试验鱼随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复40尾,试验期为6周。试验结果表明,与红鱼粉组相比,海洋红酵母1 g／kg＋红鱼粉组可显著提高大菱鲆的摄食率、相对质量增加率、特定生长率及蛋白质效率（P＜0．05）,效果与白鱼粉组相当,高于海洋红酵母2 g／kg＋红鱼粉组,但差异不显著（P＞0．05）。各试验组大菱鲆的体成分和形体指标差异不显著（ P＞0．05）。据此,添加海洋红酵母1 g／kg即能显著提高大菱鲆对红鱼粉替代白鱼粉饲料的摄食率、蛋白效率和生长性能,使得红鱼粉替代组的饲料性能达到了白鱼粉组的生长水平。     

酵母多糖对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究鲤鱼饲料中添加不同水平的酵母多糖对其生长性能的影响.试验选取240尾整齐规格、体质量相近、健康的鲤鱼随机分为4组,对照组鲤鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组鲤鱼分别饲喂添加0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、2.0 g/kg的酵母多糖的基础饲料.结果表明:试验2组和试验3组鲤鱼的试验末重比对照组...     

饲料精粗比对肉牛生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数的影响

为了探索饲料精粗比对肉牛生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。本试验采用随机数字表法将80头体质量在(150±2.5)kg,身体健康、体况良好、膘情良好的西门塔尔牛均分成4组,每组20头,分别为试验Ⅰ组(日粮精粗比为75:25)、试验Ⅱ组(日粮精粗比为70:30)、试验Ⅲ组(日粮精粗比为65:35)和试验Ⅳ组(日粮精粗比为60:40),试验周期为140 d,分别在记录育西门塔尔牛的每日采食量、初重、末重的基础上,计算出西门塔尔牛的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比,并对西门塔尔牛瘤胃胃液中的pH值、氨态氮、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乙酸/丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸进行测定。结果显示,不同的饲料精粗比会影响肉牛的生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数,其中精粗比为60:40的日粮饲喂肉牛对肉牛的生长性能和瘤胃发酵作用效果最优。建议肉牛饲喂日粮的精粗比为60:40。     

酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫力、抗氧化性及抗无乳链球菌感染的影响

本研究旨在探究饲料中添加酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长性能、免疫力和抗病力的影响。在基础饲料中添加0 (对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的酵母水解物制成5种实验饲料,对5组初始体重为(25.80±0.45) g的吉富罗非鱼进行为期8周的养殖实验,每组 3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。实验结束后,每个重复选择12尾鱼进行无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)攻毒实验,每尾鱼腹腔注射0.2 mL浓度为8.3×105 CFU/mL的菌液,连续观察14 d,统计累积死亡率。结果显示,随着酵母水解物添加量的增加,吉富罗非鱼终末体质量(FBW)和特定生长率(SGR)均呈先显著上升(P<0.05)后下降的趋势。回归分析表明,当SGR达到最大值时,对应的酵母水解物添加量为1.29%。罗非鱼血清一氧化氮合酶、酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均随饲料中酵母水解物添加量的提高呈先上升后下降的趋势(P<0.05),添加量为1.5%时达最大值。饲料添加酵母水解物对吉富罗非鱼无乳链球菌的抵抗力有显著影响(P<0.05),除添加量为0.5%的实验组死亡率与对照组差异不显著外,其他实验组罗非鱼的死亡率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。本研究中,饲料添加酵母水解物可有效提高吉富罗非鱼的生长性能、免疫力和抗病力,且在添加量为1.5%时,效果最显著。     

饲料中添加酵母硒对史氏鲟幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

以酵母硒(总硒含量2 000 mg/kg)的形式分别向基础饲料(硒含量0.78 mg/kg)中添加0、2、4、6 mg/kg(饲料中硒总含量为0.78、2.42、4.26和6.73 mg/kg)的硒,研究饲料中添加酵母硒对史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼(25.89±0.74) g生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。实验选取360尾体质健康的史氏鲟幼鱼,随机分配至12个养殖缸(30尾/缸),养殖周期为10周。结果显示：(1)饲料中添加酵母硒对史氏鲟幼鱼肌肉硒含量、水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量及饲料转化率(FCR)、内脏比(VSI)、肝重比(HIS)没有显著性影响,但肥满度(CF)显著升高;与对照组相比,6.73 mg/kg添加组的史氏鲟幼鱼增重率(WGR)和特定增长率(SGR)显著升高,肌肉蒸煮损失、冻融损失和滴水损失均显著降低;(2)对史氏鲟幼鱼投喂添加2.42～6.73 mg/kg的酵母硒饲料,其肌纤维密度显著增加、肌纤维直径显著降低;(3)添加6.73 mg/kg的硒显著提升了肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GP_X)活性。结果表明,饲料...     

饲料中添加酵母培养物与水体中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对南美白对虾生长性能及水质的影响

以南美白对虾为研究对象,研究了在饲料中添加酵母培养物(在100g饲料中分别添加0、0.07、0.14g)及在水体中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(添加量分别为0、0.1、0.2g/m~3)对生长性能及水质的影响。结果表明,各试验组对虾成活率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),随着芽孢杆菌添加量的增加对虾成活率呈上升趋势,养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝态氮、溶解氧水平呈下降趋势,硝态氮无明显变化并始终处于上升趋势。结果显示酵母培养物的最适添加量为每100g南美白对虾基础饲料中0.14g、养殖水体中枯草芽孢杆菌的适宜添加量为0.1g/m~3。     

Efficacy of taurine supplementation for preventing green liver syndrome and improving growth performance in yearling red sea bream Pagrus major fed low-fishmeal diet

ABSTRACT:   This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of taurine supplementation for preventing green liver syndrome and improving growth performance in red sea bream Pagrus major fed a low-fishmeal (FM) diet. Yearling red sea bream were fed for 34 weeks on low-FM diets either supplemented with taurine, or without taurine, and the tissue taurine and bile pigment concentrations were measured. Compared to the fish fed the FM diet, fish fed the low-FM diet without taurine supplementation resulted in inferior feed performances and higher incidence of green liver related to the morphological transformation of the erythrocytes. In these fish, the hepatopancreatic taurine concentration was significantly lower and hepatopancreatic biliverdin concentration was high compared to the fish fed the FM diet. These parameters were markedly improved by taurine supplementation of the low-FM diet and were similar in levels to the fish fed the FM diet. These results indicate that green liver appearance and inferior feed performances of red sea bream fed the low-FM diet without taurine supplementation were caused by dietary taurine deficiency, and indicate the requirement of taurine supplementation to low-FM diets for red sea bream.     

饲料中添加酵母培养物对黄颡鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫和肠道健康的影响

为研究饲料中添加酵母培养物对黄颡鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫和肠道健康的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0、1%和2%的酵母培养物YC1(粗蛋白含量为50%)、1%和2%的酵母培养物YC2(粗蛋白含量为55%),配制5种等氮等脂 (42%粗蛋白和8%粗脂肪) 的实验饲料,分别命名为C、YC1-1、YC1-2、YC2-1和YC2-2。选择初始体质量为 (4.87±0.00) g 的黄颡鱼375尾,随机分为5组 (每组3个重复,每个重复25尾),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,YC2-1和YC2-2处理组黄颡鱼的增重率 (WG) 显著高于对照组,YC2-2处理组的特定生长率 (SGR) 显著高于对照组;YC2-1和YC2-2处理组黄颡鱼肌肉的蛋白沉积率 (PPV) 显著高于对照组,蛋白质效率 (PER) 随着酵母培养物添加水平的上升呈先上升后下降的趋势,YC2-1处理组的PER最高;YC2-1和YC2-2处理组的饲料系数 (FCR) 显著低于对照组,YC2-2处理组的FCR显著低于YC2-1处理组;YC2-1和YC2-2处理组肝脏溶菌酶 (LSZ) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性均显著高于对照组;YC2-1处理组的肠道皱襞高度显著高于YC1-1处理组,皱襞宽度和上皮细胞高度显著高于YC2-2处理组。嗜水气单胞菌攻毒实验中,酵母培养物组的平均累积死亡率 (CMR) 均低于对照组,YC2-1处理组的CMR显著低于对照组。研究表明,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加酵母培养物YC2能有效改善黄颡鱼机体非特异性免疫功能、提高抗氧化能力、维持肠道健康以及提高黄颡鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力。     

Tilapia protein hydrolyzate improves growth performance,protein absorption and antioxidant status in Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

This study evaluated the substitution of fish meal with tilapia protein hydrolyzate (TPH) in diets for Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) by verifying the effects on growth, body composition, blood and biochemical parameters, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Five isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (37% crude protein, 3,800 kcal/kg) were produced with different substitution levels of TPH (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) for fishmeal. The hydrolyzate was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis from carcasses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which were exposed to swine pepsin enzyme at 36°C for four hours. The experimental design was completely randomised with five treatments and four replications. The inclusion of 20% TPH in diets for silver catfish increased the growth of Silver catfish juveniles. At levels above 5%, there was an increase in body protein deposition and the efficiency of oxidative metabolism.     

Dietary supplementation of autolysed yeast enhances growth,liver functionality and intestinal morphology in African catfish

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of dietary supplementation of autolysed brewer's yeast (AY) on African catfish. The catfish (22.5 ± 1.15 g/fish, 20 fish 33 L/tank) were fed with either of diets (390 g/kg crude protein, 140 g/kg lipid) supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 10 g/kg AY (n = 3). After 49 days of feeding, the final body weight and metabolic growth rate of the catfish fed 3 g/kg AY (3‐AY) diet were higher than those fed the control diet (p < .05). The lowest level (p < .05) of alanine transaminase was detected in the blood of the catfish fed 3‐AY diet. The mid‐intestinal histology of the catfish revealed no significant difference (p > .05) in intestinal perimeter ratio. However, an elevated (p < .05) abundance of goblet cells and intraepithelial leucocytes were found in the intestine of catfish fed 3, 6 and 10 g/kg AY diets, with the highest level of abundance recorded in the mid‐intestine of the catfish fed 3‐AY diet. The results suggest that dietary 3 g/kg autolysed brewer's yeast supplementation improves growth performance of African catfish without deleterious effect on liver functionality and gut morphology.     

白斑狗鱼冬季生长性能评价及选育系现实遗传力的初步估计

利用2012年培育的白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius)鱼种当年10月15日至翌年4月20日间体重的测定数据,对白斑狗鱼冬季生长速度进行了分析。结果显示,试验期间白斑狗鱼平均增重(235.20±97.52)g,绝对增重率为1.26 g/d,瞬时增重率0.22%/d,证明白斑狗鱼鱼种与主要养殖鱼类鱼种相比具有明显的冬季生长优势。利用新疆水产科学研究所濒危水生野生动物救护中心对2012年繁育的白斑狗鱼快速生长系F1代4个性状(体重、体长、体高及体厚)的测定数据,对生长性能进行了评价,并初步估算了现实遗传力。结果显示:经130 d的养殖,选育系的绝对增重率和瞬时增重率均高于对照系,选育系生长速度比对照系提高了10.54%,且选育系还有很大的遗传改良潜力;体重、体长、体高及体厚4个性状早期的现实遗传力在0.16~0.18间,显示遗传力较低,因此利用家系选育对白斑狗鱼进行遗传改良可能取得良好效果。     

Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on water quality,microbial dynamics and growth performance of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)

Biofloc technology based 45-day indoor growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate (CHO), molasses supplementation on two developmental stages viz, juvenile (J) and sub-adult (SA) of Penaeus monodon in zero-water exchange system. P. monodon juveniles (1.56 ± 0.04 g) and sub-adults (14.32 ± 0.22 g) were stocked in fibre-reinforced plastic tanks (1,000 L) with soil base. Carbohydrate supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-N (NO₂-N) and nitrate-N (NO₃-N) over the time periods in sub-adult group. However, no significant difference in TAN and NO₂-N was observed in juvenile-based treatments. Supplementation of carbohydrate significantly increased (p < 0.05) the water and soil total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) count in both juvenile and sub-adults. Despite increase in total Vibrio count (TVC), lower TVC/THB % was noticed in the water column of J + CHO (0.82) and SA + CHO (0.73) compared to control groups, J ? CHO (1.48) and SA ? CHO (1.21). Supplementation of carbohydrate increased the final body weight in J + CHO (6.51 ± 0.44 g) and SA + CHO (22.52 ± 0.98 g) compared with respective controls, J ? CHO (5.05 ± 0.45 g) and SA ? CHO (20.00 ± 0.33 g). Similarly, significantly lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and better protein efficiency ratio were recorded in carbohydrate-supplemented juvenile and sub-adults treatment groups. The present study demonstrates that supplementation of carbohydrate reduced the nitrogenous metabolites and significantly enhanced the growth performance of juvenile and sub-adult of P. monodon.     

Necessity of dietary taurine supplementation for preventing green liver symptom and improving growth performance in yearling red sea bream Pagrus major fed nonfishmeal diets based on soy protein concentrate

The necessity of dietary taurine supplementation for preventing green liver symptom and improving growth performance of red sea bream Pagrus major fed nonfishmeal (non-FM) diets was investigated. Yearling red sea bream (initial body weight, 580 g) were fed for 36 weeks on non-FM diets based on soy protein concentrate (SPC) supplemented with taurine at levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. Specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed the taurine-unsupplemented SPC diet were markedly inferior. In these fish, incidence of green liver was markedly higher and was accompanied by a decrease of tissue taurine concentration and an increase of hepatopancreatic bile pigment content. The green liver symptom was mainly caused by an increase of hemolysis since the erythrocytes became osmotically fragile due to taurine deficiency. Physiological abnormality and growth performance (SGR and FCR) were markedly improved by taurine supplementation to the SPC diets. These results indicate that dietary taurine supplementation is necessary for yearling red sea bream fed non-FM diet based on SPC to maintain normal physiological condition and growth performance.     

Dietary supplementation with autochthonous Bacillus cereus improves growth performance and survival in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the autochthonous probiotic bacteria Bacillus cereus on growth performance, haematological parameters and survival of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Tambaqui fingerlings (0.94 ± 0.02 g) were fed for 120 days the following diets: basal (without probiotic) and three supplemented diets (4.2 × 10⁴, 3.9 × 10⁶ and 3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/g). Growth performance and haematological parameters were evaluated every 30 days. Thereafter, fish were challenged against Aeromonas hydrophila and survival was evaluated. Probiotic B. cereus improved weight and length gains (p < 0.05), and increased neutrophils and thrombocyte counts (p < 0.05) in tambaqui supplemented with 3.9 × 10⁶ CFU/g diet. Challenged fish fed unsupplemented diet presented the lowest survival rate (33.4%) while fish fed diets supplemented at 4.2 × 10⁴, 3.9 × 10⁶ and 3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/g B. cereus had 88.8%, 80.5% and 80.5% relative per cent survival respectively. These results demonstrated that B. cereus supplemented as probiotics to C. macropomum for 120 days improved physiological and haematological responses, leading to enhanced survival in this fish species.     

Dietary taurine supplementation in plant protein based diets do not affect growth and reproductive performance of zebrafish

Taurine (Tau) has been regarded as a conditional essential nutrient for some fish species. Although its role has been extensively studied in higher vertebrates, limited results are reported with fish especially its role on reproductive performance and the ontogenic changes on Tau levels throughout the life cycle. Therefore, we designed a feeding trial using zebrafish as a model species to test whether Tau supplementation to plant protein diets would have a positive effect on growth and reproductive performance. Zebrafish were fed plant protein diets containing graded levels of Tau (0.2, 4.6, 5.9 and 13.7 g/kg diet) from 10 days post fertilization (dpf) to sexual maturity. An additional commercial diet was used as a positive control for performance. The trial followed a completely randomized design with five treatments (diets) and three replications. After 60 days of feeding, growth, Tau concentration in the body, redox status, lipid body composition, reproductive and offspring performances were analysed. Tau supplementation did not affect growth and/or reproductive performance; however, zebrafish seems to differently modulate Tau concentration according to the growth stage. Tau seemed to induce a hypolipidemic effect in zebrafish by reducing lipid accumulation in their bodies (p < .05). A trend to a more pro‐oxidant effect of Tau supplementation was observed by the decreased reduced glutathione levels. In sum, Tau does not affect growth and reproductive performance of zebrafish but it is important for normal lipid utilization and redox status.