施矿物质对桉树红叶梢枯病防治试验

采用硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸铜3种矿物质对红叶梢病防治，单一硼砂或硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸铜混合防治均有明显效果，最好的是硼砂12g＋硫酸锌3g，其次是硼砂18g＋硫酸锌3g＋硫酸铜3g、硼砂18g＋硫酸锌3g。因此建议用硼砂＋硫酸锌防治桉树红叶梢枯病。     

施微量元素对桉树红叶梢枯病防治效果分析

用硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸铜3种微量元素对桉树红叶梢枯病防治试验表明,在桉树树头旁挖穴深15 cm,施单一硼砂或硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸铜混合防治均有明显效果,最好的是每株施硼砂12 g+硫酸锌3 g,其次是每株施硼砂18 g+硫酸锌3 g+硫酸铜3 g和硼砂18 g+硫酸锌3 g,因此建议可用硼砂+硫酸锌控制桉树红叶梢枯病危害。     

雷州半岛浅海沉积砖红壤的微量元素施肥与桉树生长量研究

针对雷州半岛桉树林出现的桉红叶枯梢病,进行施微肥的田间试验。结果表明单施硼对刚果12号W 5无性系和U6无性系有明显的防治效果;硼与铜、铁、锰、锌等配施效果明显好于单施硼;桉树不同树种对微量元素营养有一定的选择性,硼与铜、锌、铁、锰等配施可使刚果12号W 5大幅增产,而硼与钼配施对尾叶桉U6生长效应显著;施用硼可有效消除雷州半岛桉树的桉红叶枯梢病。     

桉树红叶枯梢病防治试验初报

桉树红叶枯梢病可施用硼、铜、锌等微量元素进行有效防治。设计了6种处理。其中,硼砂10 g+硫酸铜5 g组合对树高生长促进作用较大;硼砂10 g+硫酸铜5 g+硫酸锌5 g组合对减少丛枝以及减少红叶率效果较明显。春季施放效果好于秋冬季。春季施用20 d后就见效,50 d后病状基本消失,树体基本恢复健康。     

大理州弥渡、祥云地区桉树红叶枯梢病调查研究

经１９９１年４一６月在大理州弥渡、祥云桉树种植区，对桉树红叶枯梢病的调查得出：桉树红叶枯梢病的发生与林地的土壤类型、坡向，栽培方式，林分的郁闭度等有关。     

桉树红叶枯梢病成因试验研究

近年来,在各种桉树新造幼林植株上发现红叶枯梢病,仅弥勒县受害面积达1万余亩,死亡率约16—48％,经施微量元素试验,证实此病主要是缺硼,其次是缺锰所造成的生理病害。     

桉树萌芽林梢枯病发生原因及防治对策

通过实地调查,利用土壤和叶片的营养诊断方法对广西贺州桉树萌芽林梢枯病致病原因进行分析,探讨广西桉树萌芽林梢枯病的发病原因及防治对策。结果表明:桉树萌芽林梢枯病主要由缺素以及其他经营管理措施不当相互作用引起。提出以加强施肥管理、病虫害防治及抚育管理为主的防治对策。     

桉树“红叶枯梢病”的防治

弥渡县林业局工程师杨沛经一年多的钻研,研究出桉树“红叶枯梢病(暂定名)”的防治方法。桉树“红叶枯梢病”症状表现是:发病初期叶不能平展,叶片产生网纹状紫色斑块,直至全叶紫红后皱缩干枯;幼梢发红,节间缩短,叶着部位茎节肿胀,逐渐枯萎,不能形成主干;幼芽呈浅紫色,易脱落,主干枯萎后,茎中、下部抽生新枝,并向下弯曲,尔后重现上述症状。整株呈多头丛状灌木型,茎基肿大,根冠坏死,鱼泽暗淡,活力较差,易腐烂,抗逆性差。1988年冬,弥渡县大面积桉树突发这种病,感病率在83％以上,一年生桉树死亡率达17％,工程师杨沛通过反复进行对照试验,发现此病主要是因为土壤中缺硼、锰等微量元量而引     

配方施肥对吴茱萸药材林生长特性的影响研究

以吴茱萸药材林为对象研究了平衡施肥对吴茱萸生长特性的影响.结果表明:不同配方施肥对吴茱萸平均单株地径的增长有明显的影响.施肥区域的地径增长均大于未施肥区域,不同处理间达到显著差异;施肥区域中吴茱萸春梢数量及产量均大于未施肥区域,不同处理间春梢数量差异不显著;春梢数量与产量呈显著正相关;不同施肥处理间叶绿度差异极显著.     

弥渡祥云两县桉树红叶枯梢病调查

1991年4月至6月在大理州弥渡、祥云两县6个乡及两个林场进行桉树红叶枯梢感病原因和病株率的调查,设置标准地26块,实测株数6393株。其中:生物量标准地7块,实测株数674株,生物量标准木(地上和地下部份)14株。结果认为:桉树红叶枯梢病发病原因、生物量、病株率与坡向、海拔、郁闭度、土壤水份含量、造林技术和管理抚育有关。     

施肥对桉树幼林生长量的影响

通过正交试验设计探索施用不同种类肥料、不同施肥方法对不同家系桉树幼林生长量的影响差异,结果表明:在福建省闽南海拔700 m以下丘陵山地以尾细桉M1(A3)+0.3 kg.株-1(分2次施)磷酸二铵(B1)+开放射沟施的方法(C3)最好,1 a高生长量达7.3 m、胸径达4.2 cm。     

广西速生桉叶部真菌性病害的病原鉴定

通过调查并鉴定,初步探明了广西速生桉叶部真菌性病害10种,即隐盘孢叶斑病Cryptospori-opsis sp.,轮斑病Pilidiella eucalyptorum,P.diplodiella、花斑病Aureobasidium sp.、黄紫斑病Phleosporasp.、焦枯病Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum,C.scoparium,C.floridanum、紫斑病Phaeoseptoria euca-lypti、圆斑病Pseudocercospora chiangmaiensis、灰斑病Phyllosticta lindericola、炭疽病Colletotrichumgloeosporioides、灰霉病Botrytis cinerea。前4种为我国新发现的桉树病害,Cylindrocladium floridanum是我国桉树焦枯病病原的新纪录。     

蓝桉幼林施肥效应研究

在云南省保山市石灰岩红壤地区进行了历时4年的蓝桉幼林N、P、K不同配比的10种处理施肥试验。结果表明，施肥能明显促进蓝桉（Eucalyptusglobulus）幼林的生长；其中处理6、9、10增产效果极显著，树高增加16．31％～20．40％，胸径分别增加18．78％～19．21％，材积增加65．04％～70．19％。有机肥对蓝桉生长有促进作用，施过有机肥的处理10生长始终保持优势；磷肥是蓝桉增产的主要因素，每株施430g钙镁磷肥做底肥能使树高、胸径分别增加14．67％、15．87％，每株施215g钙镁磷肥则树高、胸径分别增加11．44％、7．83％；氮肥各水平间无差异，增产效果不明显；钾肥1、2水平间无差异，3水平可能过量，阻碍了肥效发挥。施肥能提高蓝桉生产的经济效益，较好的几个处理依次为6、9、2、10、3产出投入比值均大于对照。综合以上几个因素，N2P3K2为蓝桉幼林的最佳施肥方案。     

邓恩桉幼林施肥效应研究

通过对福建省永安市西洋镇福庄采育林场的邓恩桉幼林进行不同P肥、N肥水平梯度试验,结果表明:不同的P肥水平处理和N肥水平处理与对照区相比均对邓恩桉的平均树高和平均地径均有极显著影响,而区组间则没有显著差异。通过LSD法作多重比较进一步分析得出,P肥水平梯度试验中以P4处理(N250P250K200B5)的效果最好。而N肥水平梯度试验中以N2处理(N100P500K300B5)对邓恩桉的树高和地径生长的影响效果最好。     

直干桉人工幼林施肥试验初报

对定植3年的直干桉山地人工幼林进行5个处理和1个对照的施肥试验,结果表明:施肥对直干桉山地人工幼林林木的树高、胸径生长有一定的促进作用,但需N、P、K肥一起配合施,此试验最为合理的施肥配方是:150g尿素+200g过磷酸钙+50g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加75.4%,胸径生长量增加43.15%,最差的施肥配方是:50g尿素+100g硫酸钾,能使树高生长量增加12.3%,胸径生长量增加8.12%。     

The impact of water and nutrient deficiencies on the growth, gas exchange and water relations of red oak and chestnut oak

Red oak (Quercus rubra), a mesic species, and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), a xeric species, were grown in a greenhouse with and without fertilizer (F+ and F-, respectively) and subjected to a 10-week drydown (W-) or kept well watered (W+). In both species, fertilized seedlings exhibited greater reductions in mean net photosynthesis (A), leaf conductance (g(wv)), leaf water potential (Psi(leaf)) and water use efficiency (WUE) during the drydown than unfertilized seedlings. In the W- treatments, red oak showed greater reductions in A, g(wv) and Psi(leaf) than chestnut oak. Differential fertilization of the seedlings of both species had a greater effect on tissue water relations than differential watering. During the latter weeks of the drydown, there was no osmotic adjustment in red oak, but chestnut oak in the F+/W- treatment had significantly lower osmotic potentials at full and zero turgor than seedlings in any of the other treatments. The results indicate that high nutrient availability does not improve the drought tolerance of these two oak species.     

施肥对蓝桉幼林生长的影响

经５ａ研究结果表明,在省保山市石灰岩红壤区施肥能明显促进蓝桉幼林生长,肥效在１．５ａ时最大,９个施肥处理的树高、胸径平均增长３３．６９％、４８．３９％,造林后５ａ时,生长反应已经呈下降趋势,９个施肥处理的树高、胸径平均增长１６．４５％、１０．７１％。Ｐ 促进蓝桉增产的主要因素,每株施４３０ｇ钙镁磷肥的几个处理产好,Ｎ、Ｋ肥增产效果不明显,有机肥对蓝桉生长有促进作用。在９个施肥处理中,处理６（钙镁磷     

Sulfur dioxide-induced growth changes in Eucalyptus calophylla

Eucalyptus calophylla Lindley exposed to two levels of sulfur dioxide continuously for 120 days in open top chambers, showed contrasting changes in resource partitioning. Exposure to 125 μg m^?3 of SO₂ had an apparent fertilization effect with increase in the weight of stems and total above ground plant weight whereas 261 μg m^?3 had a toxic effect with a reduction in the total number of leaves. SO₂ had no effect on leaf protein or chlorophyll concentration nor on visible injury.     

Individual resistance of Fraxinus angustifolia clones to ash dieback

The presumed resistance of individual ash trees to ash dieback caused by invasive pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an important issue for the maintenance of ash in European forests. All known studies regarding the resistance of ash trees to ash dieback were conducted in plantations and stands of F. excelsior; however, no such data exist for F. angustifolia. Crown damage assessments were performed over four consecutive years between 2009 and 2012 at a F. angustifolia clonal plantation in Hra??ica, Slovenia. Inoculation of H. fraxineus into the branches of the most and least damaged clones of F. angustifolia and leaf phenology assessments was performed to verify the presence of defence mechanisms that limit fungal growth or promote disease escape. Additionally, root collars of selected clones were inspected for fungal infections. The crown damage assessments showed considerable differences among F. angustifolia clones, indicating genetic variability in susceptibility to ash dieback. Crown dieback progressed significantly over the 4‐year time period; the mean crown damage of individual clones in 2012 varied between 16.7% and 83.8%. Significant differences among F. angustifolia clones were found in the inoculation trials and leaf phenology assessments. However, defence mechanisms such as early leaf flushing, early leaf shedding and the ability to inhibit pathogen growth in host tissues were not confirmed. High frequency of Armillaria spp. and H. fraxineus root collar infection demonstrated the need for whole tree inspection to determine causal agent of damages on individual ash trees. Armillaria spp. may be highly associated with ash decline epidemiology.