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1.
为了研究多级离心泵内级间相互影响及流道内的瞬时流动特征,对一两级泵内部流动进行了三维定常与非定常数值计算,获得并分析了不同流量工况条件下流道内各个监测点的压力脉动特征.研究表明:首级导叶的存在是导致次级叶轮入口截面上不均匀流动状态的关键因素;在每级叶轮的出口与导叶进口联结处均存在剧烈的动静耦合作用;尽管整体流道的几何形状复杂,叶片通过频率仍支配着该两级泵内全流道的特征压力脉动,而导叶叶片数对压力脉动特征的影响较弱;叶轮内与叶频对应的压力脉动幅值自叶轮进口到叶轮出口逐渐增大,且在叶轮出口处达到极大值,导叶中的相应变化规律则与之相反;偏离最优流量工况,叶频仍占据统治地位,但整个流道内的压力脉动幅值增大,该趋势在小流量工况下尤为明显. 相似文献
2.
为研究叶轮与蜗壳的动静干涉作用,采用三维PIV对一双叶片离心泵最优工况下叶轮流道内3个截面内的流动进行了测量,每个截面内测量9个叶片位置.结果表明:随着叶片与隔舌距离的不同,叶轮流道内的相对速度场和轴向速度场发生了明显的变化;当叶片在隔舌与蜗壳1断面间时,流道内的流量最小,相对速度场分布最为均匀;在前盖板附近吸力面的流道出口出现了低速区,形成了射流-尾迹结构,并在流道进口发现较强的轴向速度;当叶片随着旋转方向远离隔舌时,流道内的流量逐渐增大,在叶片压力面进口出现了流动分离并产生了旋涡,而流道出口的相对速度变得平稳,同时流道进口的轴向速度减弱;当叶片随着旋转方向靠近隔舌时,叶轮流道内的流量逐渐减小,流道进口的旋涡减弱并消失,流道出口的压力面附近相对速度降低,吸力面附近的相对速度增大,同时流道进口的轴向速度继续减弱. 相似文献
3.
为研究开式纸浆泵叶轮流道内纤维颗粒对液相流场的影响,采用透明有机玻璃材料制造模型样机,以清水和0.1%质量浓度的头发纤维悬浮液为介质,通过PIV试验对叶轮流道内的流动进行可视化研究.试验结果表明:当输送清水介质时,在大流量工况下叶轮流道内流动稳定,未出现旋涡和低速区;在小流量工况下,当叶轮流道旋转到蜗壳隔舌附近位置时,在叶轮流道中段压力面附近开始产生低速区,且低速区随着叶轮流道靠近隔舌位置和流量减小逐渐增大,在远离隔舌位置的叶轮流道内未产生明显的低速区;受叶片扭曲的影响,在叶轮流道内垂直于泵轴的不同截面上的相对速度大小不同,且随着叶片扭曲程度减小,相对速度差减小;输送头发纤维悬浮液介质时,在纤维颗粒的影响下,叶轮流道内的液相流动相对速度降低,导致在小流量工况下叶轮流道中段压力面附近低速区面积增大;在大流量工况下,纤维颗粒存在使液相流动的相对速度大小分布更均匀. 相似文献
4.
混流泵叶轮内流动性能直接影响整台泵的外部性能.为了探讨混流泵叶轮内部的流动机理,设计了透明蜗壳,加工了1套半开式混流叶轮,建立了混流泵试验系统并利用PIV对其在不同流量工况下叶轮内部的流动性能进行了试验测试.通过对叶轮流道内的时均相对速度分析后发现,在设计流量工况下压力面附近相对速度从进口到出口先减小后增大,吸力面附近的相对速度先增大后逐渐减小.在叶轮出口处沿叶片高度方向的相对速度靠近压力面附近变化不大,靠近吸力面附近从叶根到叶顶逐渐降低,相对流速最小值出现在吸力面叶顶附近.在小流量工况下,流道中部叶高截面至叶顶的区域内会出现回流现象.同时还研究了不对称形状的蜗壳对叶轮内部流动的影响,对叶轮相对蜗壳不同位置流道内的流动进行了测试,发现相对蜗壳不同位置流道内的相对流速的分布趋势基本相同. 相似文献
5.
为研究余热排出泵叶轮内空化流动特性,基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的混合物均相流空化模型和剪切应力运输SST k-ω湍流模型,对余热排出泵水力样机叶轮内空化流动进行数值计算.根据计算结果获得了余热排出泵水力样机空化性能、设计流量工况不同装置空化余量条件下叶轮内空泡分布规律及其叶片表面载荷分布.研究结果表明:设计流量工况下,叶轮内空泡随着装置空化余量的降低逐渐呈不对称性分布,当装置空化余量低至2.63 m时,个别流道发生了堵塞.叶轮不同切面上的空泡分布不一样,切面越靠近后盖板,叶片吸力面上空化区面积越大,扬程发生突降之前,泵叶轮内空化表现为准静态空穴的特征.由于主流方向在叶轮进口处发生了急剧变化,使得叶片压力面靠近叶片进口边处上叶片载荷出现了先突然增大然后又迅速降低的变化规律. 相似文献
6.
为研究输水泵站泵装置水力性能受叶片角度变化的影响,采用CFD方法模拟全流道泵装置水力性能,分析设计流量工况下叶片角度变化对进水流道、出水流道流动及叶轮内部流动特性和水力性能的影响.结果表明:在设计流量工况下,叶片角度偏离设计工况角度,叶轮进口近轮毂区存在回流、脱流;叶片角度偏离设计工况角度越大,进水流道、出水流道内水流流态越差,水力损失越大.当叶片角度调节为-8°工况时,与叶片角度-0°工况比较,进水流道和出水流道水力损失相对值最大,分别为1.28和2.89.即叶片同等偏离角度下,出水流道水力损失增大幅度较进水流道更加明显.对比数值模拟结果与模型试验结果得出,在设计流量工况,叶片角度为0°时,扬程相对误差为1.2%,效率相对误差为2.1%,两者吻合较好. 相似文献
7.
双流道及双叶片式叶轮内流场的PIV测量与比较 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为研究双流道叶轮与普通叶片式叶轮的内部流动区别,设计制作了满足粒子图像测速仪(PIV)测量要求的模型泵,模型泵的叶轮有双流道和双叶片2种形式。用PIV分别测量了双流道叶轮和双叶片叶轮的内部流动,并自编程序对测量所得绝对速度进行分解,得到相对速度。由测量结果可知:在双叶片叶轮内,流体基本沿叶片吸力面流动,叶片压力面上的相对速度较低,在压力面出口出现了速度很低的回流区,有明显“射流-尾迹”特征。双流道叶轮内流动也不均匀,但没有出现明显的回流区,流态较好。流量改变时2种叶轮内的流动变化规律一致,随着流量增大,相对速度逐渐增大、绝对速度减小,设计工况下叶轮内的流态最好,小流量工况下流动扩散严重。 相似文献
8.
复合叶轮改善双吸式离心泵空化性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对双吸式离心泵在大流量工况下容易遭到汽蚀破坏,运行可靠性差的问题,采用长短叶片复合叶轮对双吸泵的空化性能进行改善研究。选用SST k—ω湍流模型及Rayleigh—Plesset空化模型,对常规叶轮和复合叶轮双吸泵进行了全流道三维定常数值计算,并与试验结果进行了对比,对叶轮内部流场进行了分析。研究表明,长短叶片复合叶轮能够显著改善双吸泵的空化性能,降低必需空化余量,减小空化区的范围,改善叶片表面压力分布及叶轮内部流动状况,在大流量工况下改善效果更为明显。 相似文献
9.
为了研究离心泵中的脱流现象,利用二维激光多普勒测速仪对一低比转数带导叶扩压器离心泵叶轮在4种小流量工况下(0.75Qd,0.50Qd,0.40Qd和0.30Qd)的内部流动进行了精确测量.基于测量结果,得到了各种工况下测量点上的相平均速度场和湍流强度场.通过分析测量结果发现在工况0.75Qd下,叶轮内没有脱流发生.而在工况0.50Qd,0.40Qd和0.30Qd下,叶轮流道中呈现"两流道"脱流现象:相邻两个叶轮流道中的脱流大小和类型完全不同,但此时脱流呈现出120°的周期性,这可能与叶轮叶片数和扩压器导叶叶片数的比率(6∶9)有关.此外,对比分析了各种工况下各个速度分量和湍流强度的分布规律.结果显示:离心泵叶轮内的湍流强度随着流量的减小而增大.在离心泵叶轮出口附近,流量为0.75Qd时,最大湍流强度达到0.06(基于叶轮出口圆周速度u2);而对于工况0.50Qd,0.40Qd和0.30Qd,其最大湍流强度达到了0.12~0.14. 相似文献
10.
以一台比转数为74的离心泵为研究对象,首先通过外特性试验发现当流量约低于18 m3/h后,泵的扬程随流量变化非常小,然后采用PIV技术探索了该扬程曲线下叶轮流道内不稳定流动涡的发生、发展规律。试验结果表明:不稳定流动在0.6QBEP工况开始产生,直到0.4QBEP工况得到发展,最后在0.1QBEP时几乎扩展到整个叶轮流道;叶轮旋转过程中,靠近蜗壳隔舌处的叶轮流道内流动最不稳定,也是最先出现分离涡的流道;随着流量的降低,附着于叶片工作面的分离涡逐渐增多、汇聚,不断发展的漩涡向流道出口移动的同时,也偏向于流道中心。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献