Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of three Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) has become a common cause of conjunctivitis in free-living house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) since its emergence in the early 1990s. To date, temporal and spatial genotypic variation in MG has been documented, but phenotypic variation in pathogenicity and immunogenicity has not been examined. House finches were inoculated with MG isolates Virginia (VA)1994, California (CA)2006, or North Carolina (NC)2006, which were cultured from free-living house finches with conjunctivitis in 1994, 2006, and 2006, respectively. Infection with NC2006 resulted in the most severe eye lesions, highest pathogen loads, and highest levels of pathogen-specific lachrymal and serum antibodies. Infection with CA2006 caused the least severe eye lesions, lowest pathogen load, and lowest levels of antibodies. A small number of birds in each group developed protracted, severe disease in spite of robust antibody responses, suggesting that immunopathology may contribute to the lesions. Immunoblot analyses indicated that isolates are antigenically similar; thus, there may be partial cross-protection if a house finch encounters two or more strains of MG throughout the course of its lifetime. This study provides evidence that MG strains or strain variants circulating in house finch populations vary in their ability to cause disease, induce antibody responses, and persist in the host.     

东北部分地区红背鼠平肠道寄生虫形态学鉴定

参照芬兰学者的研究方法,作者于2008年4～5月,对我国东北部的吉林省上马厂林场、红石林场、黄泥河林业局及黑龙江省凉水自然保护区红背肝肠道内寄生虫种类进行形态学鉴定,希望能为日后中国的寄生虫-寄主系统种群动态和协同进化的研究提供一些基础资料,同时通过对中国田鼠亚科啮齿类寄生虫的研究,为世界该领域的进化研究提供补充,填补中国的空白。     

吉林上马厂林场红背（鼠平）肠道寄生虫研究

采用Henttonen对欧洲北部变色旅鼠和欧岸（鼠平）及其体内寄生虫协同进化研究的方法对中国吉林上马厂林场红背（鼠平）肠道寄生虫进行了研究,并发现了4种肠道内寄生的线虫：管状属线虫、缠体属线虫和2种未定名线虫。其中,缠体属线虫感染率最高达81．8％,管状属线虫感染率为63．3％,未定名的2种线虫均为9．1％。管状属线虫感染强度最高,为14．9;缠体属线虫感染强度为2．4;未定名的2种线虫分别为3．0和2．0。     

桑多孔菌多糖的提取和含量测定

桑多孔菌是寄生于桑树的一种稀有真菌 ,多孔菌科的大部分真菌都有较高的药用价值。采用液体震荡培养法大量繁殖桑多孔菌菌丝体 ,菌丝体经真空冷冻干燥后研成粉末 ,通过微波炉浸提后去渣 ,提取液用无水乙醇沉淀 ,Saveg法去脂 ,去蛋白 ,真空抽滤干燥得粗多糖 ,其质量分数为 9%。进一步用硫酸 -苯酚法进行定性、定量分析 ,测得桑多孔菌菌丝体中多糖的质量分数为 1 6 6 %。     

陕西杨陵区猪球虫病原种类调查及一新种记述

1991年3～6月和1992年3～6月,分别对西北农业大学畜牧站猪群和兽医院门诊病猪的球虫病原种类进行了2次调查。在所查的88头猪中,球虫总感染率为80.7％（71头/88头）,查见蒂氏艾美球虫（Eimeria debliecki）,猪艾美球虫（E.suis）,新蒂艾美球虫（E.neode-bliecki）,豚艾美球虫（E.Porci）,极细艾美球虫（E.perminuta）,粗糙艾美球虫（E.scabra）,赛多尼斯艾美球虫（E.cerdnis）,猪等孢球虫（Isospora suis）和一新种杨陵艾美球虫（Eimeriayanglingensis sp.nov）共9种。文内详细描述了杨陵艾美球虫新种的形态特征,并与相似虫种进行了比较。     

SUBLUMBAR ABSCESS AND DISKOSPONDYLITIS IN A CAT

Diskospondylitis is uncommon in cats. We describe a cat with diskospondylitis of the L7-S1 intervertebral disk, and a concurrent sublumbar abscess. Radiographic, computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings are presented. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures of blood and spinal fluid yielded no growth. Aerobic and anaerobic urine cultures resulted in growth of an Enterococcus sp. and Clostridium perfringens, respectively. The cat was successfully treated with enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Clinical signs resolved completely, and based on follow-up ultrasonography there was no remaining evidence of the sublumbar abscess. Etiologic agents and outcome from other cats with diskospondylitis are reviewed.     

Antibody levels to Brucella abortus, toxoplasma gondii, and Leptospira serogroups, in sera collected from healthy people in Fiji

A collection of 300 sera from a predominantly rural community on the island of Viti Levu in Fiji were studied for the presence of antibodies to B. abortus, T. gondii and Leptospira serogroups. Significant levels of immunity were found to B. abortus and T. gondii and over half the population had diagnostic leptospiral antibody levels.     

Novel Propionibacterium infection in cattle

OBJECTIVE: To describe four cases of infection in cattle, from geographically different places, with a presumptive new species of Propionibacterium, which causes granulomatous lesions in the head, thorax, abdomen, pelvic area and skin. PROCEDURE: Gross lesions, ranging from 0.5 to 15 cm and detected during routine carcase inspection at the abattoir, were submitted to the laboratory for routine testing in the National Granuloma Submission Program. The bacterium isolated was identified using morphological characteristics, biochemical reactions, cell wall components, products of fermentation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: Gross lesions submitted for examination consisted of a fibrous outer capsule enclosing thick yellow pus-like material. A Gram-Glynn stain of the histological sections revealed colonies of Gram-positive, filamentous, branching bacteria. Bacteriological culture, cell wall analysis, biochemical reactions and 16S rRNA sequencing identified the organism as a Propionibacterium sp closely related to P cyclohexanicum and the P freudenreichii cluster. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a Propionibacterium sp closely related to P cyclohexanicum and the P freudenreichii cluster associated with extensive granulomatous lesions in cattle in Queensland. Sequencing data are suggestive of a previously undescribed species of the Propionibacterium genus.     

粤北桑芽瘿蚊的世代及生活史和习性调查

调查表明 :粤北桑芽瘿蚊 1年发生 10代 ,世代重叠现象明显 ,从 5月初一直为害至 11月 ,11月底以结成囊包休眠体的老熟幼虫在桑田土表层中进行越冬 ,但从 6月下旬开始各代均有部分老熟幼虫结成囊包休眠体在桑田土表层中进行越夏、越冬 ;全年以第 1～ 3代发生量最大。各虫态历期 :卵 1～ 2d ,幼虫 5～ 12d ,蛹 5～ 12d ,成虫 1～3d ,完成 1个世代需 15～ 2 6d ,大多要 2 0d左右。雌雄成虫比例 (性比 )约为 2 5 1∶1。     

宁夏苦马豆内生真菌的分离与鉴定

为研究苦马豆（Swainsona salsula）中内生真菌的种属分类,对采自宁夏的苦马豆内生真菌进行分离培养和形态观察,对分离菌株的ITS序列进行扩增、测序和系统发育分析。从宁夏苦马豆植株的叶和茎中共分离出4个真菌菌株,编号分别为SS_NXB1、SS_NXF1、SS_NXG2、SS_NXA1,因植株未表现出任何病害症状,故确定其为内生真菌。根据形态特征和ITS序列,确定前3株真菌为枝顶孢属（Acremonium）真菌。因菌株SS_NXA1未产生分生孢子及GenBank数据库中缺少同源菌株的分类信息而未确定其分类地位。     

土壤施用喹硫磷防治桑瘿蚊试验

经三年防治桑瘿蚊农药筛选试验和家蚕残毒测定结果表明,5%喹硫磷粉剂是取代有机氯农药防治桑瘿蚊的有效土壤处理剂.得出:(1)5%喹硫磷粉剂对防治桑瘿蚊有良好的效果.1983年小区试验校正防效为95.7%,1984年和1985年大田试验为89.14—91.56%,与有机氯农药相似.(2)施用安全,采用施药区内桑叶养蚕均无急性中毒现象发生.(3)越冬代桑瘿蚊的生活力,休眠体最强,蛹最弱,在5月中旬对越冬代桑瘿蚊的蛹期施药效果最好.但是,喹硫磷对桑瘿蚊的各个发育阶段都有良好的毒杀作用.     

真殖线虫属一新种记述(线虫纲:尖尾科)

作者于六十年代曾在西藏高寒山区捕获田鼠(Microtus sp.)计27只,经剖检于7只田鹿的盲肠中,共检获线虫标本28条,按常规处理后,以5％福尔马林液固定保存,现经形态学分析研究,发现4只田鼠中的8条线虫标本,系隶属线虫纲(Nematoda)、尖尾科(Oxyuridae)、真殖属(Eugenuris)中的一个新种,定名为西藏真殖线虫新种(Eugenuris xizangensis sp.nov.)。本新种在同属中主要区别要点在于:1.口腔分层明显,似2个花钵套接,口内腔呈梯形;2.头端侧翼膜于食道前半部的体表形成一颈泡;3.体前1/5范围之体表有数圈角质环纹;4.泄殖孔周围共为5对乳突,呈前后重叠,左右对称分别排列于孔前3对及孔后2对。现描记于后,全文计量单位为mm.(图1～7)。     

替米考星和甲硝唑对猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响

采用细胞形态学观察、淋巴细胞标记和噻唑兰(MTT)法,探究替米考星和甲硝唑单独用药和联合用药对猪外周血淋巴细胞转化率、α-醋酸萘酯酶法阳性率和淋巴细胞增殖的影响。试验结果显示甲硝唑具有提高细胞免疫的功能。在体外试验时,终浓度为0.25~100μg/mL的甲硝唑可以促进淋巴细胞的增殖和转化;在体内试验时,浓度为2.5~10 mg/kg的甲硝唑可以增加成熟T淋巴细胞的数量。但是替米考星在体内和体外试验的结果却与阴性对照差异不显著,表明它不具有促进或抑制淋巴细胞增殖的能力,对机体的细胞免疫无影响。     

香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种密码子使用偏好性分析

为了解香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种基因组的密码子使用特点,掌握其基因编码规律,以香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种基因组的13303条高置信蛋白的编码信息为数据来源,借助CodonW等软件对蛋白质的每个氨基酸编码数据进行了统计分析,研究获得了UCC和CCC等8个密码子为最优密码子,第三个碱基为C的密码子具有更高的选择性。进一步统计分析了mRNA的编码区长度,发现密码子使用偏好性随着编码区的延长而降低,较长编码区的基因对密码子的使用无显著的偏好性。本文分析了4号生理小种的密码子偏好性,为通过密码子优化来降低外源基因在香蕉中的表达,为提高香蕉抗逆研究提供理论依据。     

水牛体内两种新的锡叶吸虫

1981～1983年在浙江水牛瘤胃内发现了两种新的锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle)。(1)钱江锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle qianjiangense se.nov.):发现于钱塘江沿岸的富阳、萧山、余姚和鄞县等地,其主要特征为两枚睾丸小而呈圆形,边缘光滑而无缺刻,前后排列并有相当间距;劳氏管和排泄管不交叉;肠支长而无扭曲;根据这些特点可与短肠锡叶吸虫(C.br-vicaeca Waug,1966)、弯肠锡叶吸虫(C.sinuccoelium Waug,1959)和侧肠锡叶吸虫(C.scolicoelium Fischoeder,1901)等相区别。(2)台州锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle taizho-uense sp·nov):发现于黄岩县,其主要特征是虫体椭圆形,宽而短,体宽与体长比为1:1.87,食道甚短,肠管粗而直,肠支分叉处很细而呈肩状,可与其他锡叶吸虫相区别。     

Concurrent Cryptosporidium and parvovirus infections in a puppy

Cryptosporidium parvum, an intestinal coccidian parasite, was isolated from faeces and intestinal biopsies of a 9-week-old puppy with acute parvoviral gastroenteritis. Gene sequence analysis identified a Cryptosporidium genotype not previously recorded in Australia. The puppy recovered after treatment with crystalloid fluids, synthetic and natural colloids and jejunostomy tube feeding.     

复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利的影响

试验旨在探讨饲喂或鸡舍喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利状况的影响。选取健康、体重相近的1日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分在3个处理中,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,网上平养。处理1为对照组,饲喂玉米一豆粕基础日粮;处理2为饲喂组,在基础日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂200mg／kg;处理3为喷洒组,在鸡舍空气中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌喷剂。41日龄时对各处理肉鸡的福利状况进行评估。结果表明,饲喂组和喷洒组肉鸡试验期没有出现死亡,而对照组的死亡率为3％,各组间肉鸡死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05）;肉鸡羽毛清洁度与步态评分结果优劣次序为：喷洒组〉饲喂组〉对照组;饲喂或喷洒芽孢杆菌的肉鸡脚垫评分都优于对照组;从跗关节损伤度来看,各处理组评分结果优劣程度为：对照组优于喷洒组,喷洒组优于饲喂组。试验结果显示,在AA肉鸡日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂或在鸡舍中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂可以在一定程度上改善肉鸡的福利状况。