妊娠期饲喂水平对初产母猪繁殖性能和胎盘效率的影响

采用单因子试验设计,研究了妊娠期不同饲喂水平对初产母猪繁殖性能和胎盘效率的影响。选择血缘、年龄、体重相近(98.7±5.8)kg的长白×梅山小母猪21头,配种后随机分为4个处理(高、NRC、中、低营养水平),除高水平3个重复外,每个水平6个重复,每个重复1头母猪。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮(13.4MJDE/kg,13.5%CP),各处理组试验母猪妊娠期按规定喂量饲喂,妊娠前期分别饲以2.0、1.2、1.0、0.6倍的维持能量需要,妊娠中期和后期分别在妊娠前期基础上提高采食量20%和50%。结果表明:妊娠期不同饲喂水平影响初产母猪的繁殖性能,通过改善母猪的妊娠期营养可提高仔猪初生重、断奶重及断奶成活率,NRC水平饲喂最有利于提高初产母猪的繁殖性能;妊娠期不同饲喂水平对初产母猪的胎盘效率无显著影响,胎盘效率提高有增加窝产仔数,提高仔猪均匀度和成活率的趋势。     

交配时间长短对家蚕卵质卵量的影响

通过不同蚕品种不同交配时间产卵成绩比较,交配3 h拆对,多数品种显示对增加产卵量及减少不受精卵为好,缩短或延长时间均不利于提高产卵成绩。     

配种季节对法系獭兔繁殖性能的影响

为研究配种季节对法系獭兔繁殖性能的影响,对四川省獭兔原种场法系獭兔不同季节繁殖性能测定数据进行了统计学分析。结果表明:不同配种季节,法系獭兔产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生个体重、21日龄窝重、断奶仔兔数、断奶窝重等差异极显著(P<0. 01),断奶成活率差异不显著(P>0. 05),繁殖性能秋季最高,夏季最低。     

Effect of Mating Frequency on Sow Reproductive Performance under Field Conditions and Natural Mating in Large Outdoor Production Units

The effect of mating frequency on fertility and litter size of sows, kept in outdoor production systems was investigated. Sows that were mated once or twice during a single oestrus were included in the study to compare the effect of number of matings on farrowing rate and litter size. Natural mating was used during the study period. Four groups of sows of parity two or more were either mated once 28–30 h after the onset of oestrus or were mated 28–30 h after the onset of oestrus and again 24 h later. The farrowing rate did not differ significantly between single‐ and double‐mated sows, although a noticeable but non‐significant depression in farrowing rate was evident between the groups of single‐mated and double‐mated animals. With the exception of total‐born litter size (p > 0.05), the total number born and number of live‐born piglets per litter were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group of sows that received only one mating compared with the double‐mated animals. The implication of these results is that the double mating by natural service of sows kept in an outdoor production systems may improve litter size.     

双重和三重配种对母猪产仔力影响

本文采用双重和三重配种对本场－千多头母猪的产仔力进行观察结果三重配种显著提高母猪产仔数和产活仔数（Ｐ〈０．０１），两种配种法对仔猪初生重无显著影响（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

外源性生殖激素对多浪羊繁殖性能的影响

2009年3～10月,在新疆喀什地区麦盖提县多浪羊繁育基地进行多浪羊繁殖的调控研究。将试验羊按年龄和体重配对分成3组:对照组(自然发情组),不做激素处理;试验1组:于埋栓的第10天开始以3天6次法递减臀部肌肉注射促卵泡素(FSH);试验2组:于撤栓前48h注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)500IU。同时于试验开始第10天、配种后第10天,分别从各组随机抽取10只母羊进行空腹采血,采用放射免疫法测定血清中绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、孕激素(P4)的含量。结果表明:(1)对照组的发情率为53.33%低于试验1组和2组;对照组的受胎率为81.25%,高于试验1组和2组;对照组产羔率为87.5%,高于试验1组和2组;对照组产双羔率为15.38%,低于试验1组和2组。(2)在多浪羊的同期发情、诱导双羔的试验中,外源性的激素组合PG+CIDR+FSH+hCG作用效果较好。     

精氨酸对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的调节作用

妊娠第30～60天母畜体内精氨酸代谢及其所依赖的途径表现异常活跃,这些现象说明精氨酸在维持正常妊娠和提高繁殖成绩方面具有重要作用.本文就精氨酸及其代谢产物在妊娠中的作用及其对妊娠成绩的改善效果作一综述.     

Reproductive Performance of Purebred Swedish Landrace and Swedish Yorkshire Sows: II. Effect of Mating Type,Weaning-to-first-service Interval and Lactation Length

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of mating type [natural mating (NM) versus artificial insemination (AI)], weaning-to-first-service interval (WSI) and lactation length on some reproductive traits of purebred Swedish Landrace (L) and Swedish Yorkshire (Y) sows. Data analysed comprised farrowings during the period 1994-1997 from 19 Swedish nucleus herds and included 20 275 litters from 6989 purebred sows (3598 L and 3391 Y). Analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis of quantitative data. Logistic regression analysis was applied for binary data using the GLIMMIX macro in the SAS program. The response variables analysed were litter size, WSI, farrowing rate and remating rate. Explanatory variables included in the analyses were mating type, lactation length, sow breed, boar breed, parity, herd-year combination within breed and month of the year. The effect of WSI on subsequent fertility performance (i.e. litter size, farrowing rate and remating rate) was also analysed. Compared with AI, NM resulted in significantly larger litters (0.2 total born per litter; P<0.001; 0.3 born alive per litter; P<0.001), and lower remating rate (1.6%-units; P<0.01). The difference between NM and AI varied according to sow breed, parity number and month of the year. Subsequent litter sizes decreased by about one piglet when WSI increased from 4 to 10 days. Thereafter, litter size increased as the WSI increased from 10 to 20 days. Farrowing rate decreased gradually when WSI increased from 4 to 7 days, but an increase in WSI from day 9 to day 20 resulted in an increase in farrowing rate. A longer lactation period led to a shorter WSI and a larger subsequent litter size for both breeds.     

中国荷斯坦牛初配年龄对繁殖性能的影响

利用扬州大学农牧场979头第1胎中国荷斯坦牛初配年龄及其繁殖性能数据,分析不同初配年龄对受胎情期数、产犊到受胎时间间隔、产犊间隔、妊娠期等指标的影响。结果表明:初配年龄显著影响受胎情期数和妊娠期长短(P0.05),18月龄配种母牛受胎情期数和妊娠期均最低,初配年龄对产犊到受胎时间间隔和产犊间隔均无显著影响(P0.05),但随着初配月龄的不断增加,奶牛产犊到受胎时间间隔和产犊间隔有逐渐降低的趋势。     

Factors Affecting Gestation Length in Heavy Draft Mares

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting gestation length in 209 foalings from 65 heavy draft horses by multiple linear regression analysis. The objective variable was gestation length, and the explanatory variables were stud farm, year foaled, month foaled, age of mare, parity of mare, last gestation length, foal gender, and some meteorological parameters (the mean values of prepartum 10 days: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average barometric pressure, and hours of sunshine in a day). The mean gestation length for 209 foalings was 334.9 (standard deviation = 8.3) days, with a range of 313-352 days. Stepwise regression analysis showed that last gestation length and foal gender had significant (P < .01) effects on gestation length. Multiple regression analysis showed that last gestation length (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.54) was more influential on the present gestation length than foal gender (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.22). The present gestation length and the last gestation length were moderately positively correlated (r = 0.56, P < .01). Colt foal (n = 106) pregnancies were significantly (P < .01) longer than fillies (n = 103) (mean ± SEM: colt 337.1 ± 0.7 vs. filly 332.7 ± 0.9). According to our results, last gestation length (mare itself) and foal gender were the main factors affecting gestation length in heavy draft horses. Once several gestation lengths are known, predictions with acceptable accuracy can be made about the gestation length of that mare's following foaling.     

澳系进口荷斯坦牛初配月龄对其繁殖性能的影响

本研究利用海丰奶牛场有限公司2009年引进的5 059头澳系进口荷斯坦牛初配月龄及其繁殖性能的数据,分析了不同初配月龄对第二胎受胎情期数、产后第一次配种时间、产犊到受胎时间间隔的影响。结果表明,初配月龄显著影响受胎情期数（0.01     

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Gestation Length in Lusitano Horses

Breeding and parturition records collected over a period of 35 years in the Alter Real stud of Lusitano horses were used to calculate gestation length (GL). The 1027 gestations by 209 mares mated to 60 stallions had a mean GL of 338.1 ± 9.26 days. The mixed model analysis of variance indicated that the sex of the foal and inbreeding of the dam and foal had no significant effect on GL (P > .05). On the other hand, GL increased linearly with mare age, with an estimated regression coefficient of 0.155 ± 0.069 days/year (P < .05). Year and conception month affected GL (P < .05), with longer gestations observed when breeding occurred between January and April, followed by a decline of about 5 and 10 days in GL of mares bred in May and in June–July, respectively. Important differences were observed between stallions (P < .05), with most stallions resulting in a distribution of GL in an interval of ±5 days. The inclusion of the mare as a random effect in the mixed model resulted in an estimated repeatability of GL of 0.427, indicating that mares tend to be regular in having long or short gestations across their lifetime. Variance components estimated in an Animal Model resulted in heritability estimates of 0.39 for maternal genetic effects and 0.19 for direct genetic effects, with no association between the two components. Overall, the mare seems to have the major genetic influence on GL in Lusitano horses, but environmental factors, such as month of conception and also the age of the mare, have a noticeable effect.     

初配非洲黑鸵鸟繁殖性能观察

14只 2岁非洲黑鸵鸟 (4公 10母 )按公母比例 1∶ 2～ 3分成 4个繁殖组合 ,对产蛋、受精、孵化情况进行观察分析。结果显示 ,每只母鸵鸟年平均产蛋量为 5 5 .2枚 ,最高为 73枚 ,最低为 39枚。 4个组合鸟群之间种蛋的受精率存在显著的差异 (P<0 .0 1) , 组的受精率最高 ,为 5 9.6 % ; 组的受精率最低 ,仅 8.9%。各组的受精蛋孵化率差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,平均受精蛋孵化率达到 92 .6 %。受精率较低的原因为公鸟年龄小 ,没有完全达到性成熟     

饲粮中添加苹果渣对妊娠母猪粪便及繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加苹果渣对妊娠母猪粪便和繁殖性能的影响。选用胎次、体况相近,健康状况良好的妊娠母猪(长白×大约克)80头,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组40个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组和试验组母猪在妊娠第1~89天分别饲喂妊娠母猪饲粮A(不含苹果渣)和妊娠母猪饲粮B(含10%苹果渣),在妊娠第90天至分娩当天分别饲喂哺乳母猪饲粮A(不含苹果渣)和哺乳母猪饲粮B(含5%苹果渣)。试验自妊娠开始,试验期为1个妊娠周期。结果表明：1)饲粮中添加苹果渣后,母猪排便通畅,粪量增加,粪色深黑,粪形呈筒状,可堆积成形,这说明苹果渣的添加缓解了妊娠母猪便秘的发生;2)饲粮中添加苹果渣对产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生个体均重的影响不显著( P>0.05),但极显著降低了母猪的便秘发生率( P<0.01),试验组比对照组降低35%。由此可见,饲粮中添加苹果渣可极显著降低妊娠母猪的便秘发生率,但对其繁殖性能没有显著影响。     

影响荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的因素分析

[目的]为探究不同因素对荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的影响,以期进一步改善奶牛繁殖性能.[方法]研究利用一般线性模型对江苏省某奶牛场2017-2019年20 589条产犊记录进行分析,探究不同胎次、产犊季节、犊牛初生重、犊牛性别及是否产双犊和是否使用性控冻精对荷斯坦牛妊娠期长短的影响.[结果]胎次、产犊季节、犊牛初生重、是否产双...     

妊娠后期、哺乳期高营养水平饲粮对母猪繁育的影响

妊娠后期、哺乳期高营养水平饲粮对母猪繁育的影响＠张金枝＠卢伟＠卢明文＠王津＠姜红进￥浙江省农科院畜牧所妊娠后期、哺乳期高营养水平饲粮对母猪繁育的影响张金枝卢伟卢明文王津姜红进（浙江省农科院畜牧所杭州３１００２１）母猪营养水平对繁殖力的影响较为复杂。妊娠期营...     

饲喂频率对妊娠母猪背膘厚和繁殖性能的影响

[目的] 研究饲喂频率对妊娠母猪背膘厚和繁殖性能的影响。[方法] 挑选加系杜洛克经产母猪480头,配种时按照胎次（2~7胎）、背膘厚（11~22 mm）相近的原则随机将母猪分为T1组（每天饲喂1次）和T2组（每天饲喂2次）,两组每天等量饲喂。T1组母猪220头,饲喂时间为8：00;T2组母猪260头,饲喂时间为8：00和15：00,每次饲喂量为总量的一半,定位栏饲养。[结果] ①饲喂频率不影响妊娠56 d、开配-妊娠56 d的背膘厚（妊娠56 d背膘厚-开配背膘厚）（P>0.05）;T2组妊娠110 d（P=0.06）、妊娠56-110 d（P=0.09）背膘厚（妊娠110 d背膘厚-妊娠56 d背膘厚）有高于T1组的趋势。②饲喂频率对窝产总仔数、活仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎数、初生窝重以及初生个体重均无显著（P>0.05）影响。③在三胎母猪中,T2组妊娠110 d（P=0.01）、妊娠56-110 d（P=0.04）背膘厚均显著高于T1组;五胎及以上母猪,T2组妊娠56-110 d（P=0.08）背膘厚有高于T1组的趋势。④饲喂频率不影响二胎母猪窝产总仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎数、初生窝重以及初生个体重（P>0.05）,但二胎母猪中T2组活仔数有高于T1组的趋势（P=0.07）。[结论] 饲喂频率由每天两餐减少到每天一餐不会对母猪的繁殖性能产生不利影响。     

不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同配种方式对二元母猪产仔数的影响,以杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、皮特兰猪四个品种公猪精液采用人工授精的方法对11654头长大二元母猪配种,对所产11654窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝损失等进行统计和分析,分析不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,配种次数、不同品种公猪组合配种对二元母猪总产仔数、产活仔数以及窝损失均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,但杜洛克公猪所配二元母猪的总产仔数和窝产仔数均高于大白和长白猪（P〈0.05）;采用长×杜×大组合配种的二元母猪总产仔数和窝产活仔数均高于其它三种组合。试验结果表明,在生产中,可在长白、大白、杜洛克猪中任选两个品种,通过二次配种的方式提高母猪的产仔数。