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高等植物的顶端优势受多种因素调节,植物激素在植物的顶端优势控制中起着重要的作用.已知生长素抑制侧芽的生长,细胞分裂素促进侧芽的发生.二者比值也与侧芽的早期发育及生长相关,生长素与细胞分裂素的比值高则侧芽生长慢,相反则侧芽生长快[1].有关脱落酸(ABA)与顶端优势关系的研究还很有限.有研究表明当ABA施加到完整植株顶端时,对顶端优势无明显影响[2,3].另有研究表明,ABA作用于豆类植株顶端或直接施加在侧芽上时都会促进侧芽的生长,作用于去顶豆类植株顶端则会抑制侧芽的生长[4]. 相似文献
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高等植物侧芽、侧枝的发生及调控 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
高等植物侧芽和侧枝的发育是受多种因素调节控制的.目前已经发现许多与侧生组织相关的基因,它们调控侧芽与侧枝的形成和发育,决定植株的形态结构;可长距离运输的信号物质在植物侧生组织的形成和发育、植物从营养生长到生殖生长的过渡中都发挥重要调控作用;植物激素参与了包括侧芽、侧枝的发育、植物的生长等多种生命过程的调节与控制;光周期经常和植物的基因型、植物激素等诸多种因子一起共同发挥作用,来调节植物侧生组织的形成和发育.调节植物的侧芽和侧枝发育的多种因素构成了一个网络系统,只有用综合研究的手段才可以知道网络系统中的各种因子之间的相互影响与相互作用. 相似文献
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《湖北农业科学》2021,(11)
正2021年3月9日,浙江大学喻景权教授团队在PNAS在线表了题为Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato的研究论文,报道了番茄中油菜素内酯(BR)是解除顶端优势的关键信号,其通过整合激素(生长素、独脚金内酯、赤霉素和细胞分裂素)和糖信号,促进侧芽活化和侧枝发生。该研究发现,BR通过其信号途径的关键转录因子BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1)直接转录抑制侧芽中特异性表达的BRANCHED1(BRC1)基因,解除其对侧芽活化的抑制作用。 相似文献
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茄子嫁接栽培已成为当前保护地茄子生产中最主要的抗病、增产栽培方式。茄子嫁接育苗时,一般采用一苗一芽的采接穗技术,这种方式种子费用大,生产成本高。为此,笔者根据植物生长的顶端优势原理,结合茄子幼苗侧芽萌发力强的特点,试验总结出三种一苗多芽采接穗技术:第一种方式是利用上茬健壮成株侧芽采接穗一株可采集十到几十个侧芽。 相似文献
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《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2021,(2)
正本刊编委会主任、浙江大学喻景权教授带领的团队揭示了油菜素内酯信号在番茄顶端优势调控中的核心作用。相关研究成果论文"Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato"(https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004384118)发表在国际知名期刊《美国科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。该研究报道了番茄中油菜素内酯(brassinosteroid,BR)是解除顶端优势的关键信号,其通过整合激素(生长素、独脚金内酯、赤霉素和细胞分裂素)和糖信号来促进侧芽活化和侧枝发生。 相似文献
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缺硼对不同植物根茎生长及体内钾离子浓度的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用营养液培养方法比较了豌豆、黄瓜、菜豆和蚕豆植株对棚胁迫反应的异同。实验表明,缺硼处理可以抑制这些植物根和茎的生长发育,其中根的生长首先受到抑制。不同植物对缺棚的反应不同。缺硼处理后黄瓜和菜豆植株地上部生长点很快死亡,而豌豆和蚕豆植株的生长虽然受到抑制,但仍可继续生长,并可在植株下部数个节上长出侧芽,表明植物的顶端优势被削弱。缺硼处理导致黄瓜和豌豆植株不同器官中钾离子浓度明显下降,这种下降随缺棚处理时间的延长而增加。对硼在植物体中的生理功能进行了讨论。 相似文献
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AUX1/LAX蛋白是生长素运入载体,而PIN蛋白是生长素运出载体。MDR/PGP蛋白也参与生长素运输。生长素运输是通过生长素载体将生长素载入质膜产生的内体,以及内体产生的小泡再循环实现的。生长素作为激素与形态发生素,生长素运输调控细胞的分裂与分化,同时在植物向性生长与维持植物的顶端优势中也发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Response of axillary bud development in garlic(Allium sativum L.) to seed cloves soaked in gibberellic acid(GA_3) solution 下载免费PDF全文
LIU Hong-jiu HUANG Cai-ping TONG Pei-jiang YANG Xue CUI Ming-ming CHENG Zhi-hui 《农业科学学报》2020,19(4):1044-1054
Gibberellins(GAs) are important phytohormones that regulate many developmental processes in plants. Clove, as the reproductive organ of garlic, dramatically affected garlic bulb development. Considering the potential of gibberellins in plant development and our previous studies, we investigated the effect of soaking two types of seed cloves(seed clove-I: without root/shoot sprouting; seed clove-II: with root/shoot sprouting) in GA_3 solution on axillary bud development and examined the effect of soaking seed cloves in GA_3 solution on bulb development, phytohormone level and sugar content in this study.Results indicated seed clove types, soaking liquids and their interaction significantly affected the number of cloves per bulb and the rate of single-clove bulb. Moreover, soaking seed cloves in 1 mmol L~(–1) GA_3 solution for 24 h not only promoted axillary bud formation and secondary plant growth(equal to tillering or branching), but also slightly increased the number of cloves per bulb and changed bulb structure with a low yield and marketable quality. On the 40 th day after GA_3 treatment(at axillary bud outgrowth stage), zeatin riboside(ZR) and soluble protein in stem were sharply increased with the increase of GA_3, sucrose, fructose and soluble protein in leaf. However, GA_3, indole~(-3)-acetic acid(IAA), soluble sugar and sucrose in stem(3.52 ng g~(–1) fresh weight(FW), 19.88 ng g~(–1) FW, 237.3 mg g~(–1) FW, and 8.24 mg g~(–1) FW, respectively) were significantly decreased on the 40 th day after GA_3 treatment, compared to the control of water treatment(5.56 ng g~(–1) FW, 32.96 ng g~(–1) FW, 263.6 mg g~(–1) FW, and 10.37 mg g~(–1) FW, respectively). To our knowledge, these novel results indicate seed cloves soaked in GA_3 solution promotes axillary bud formation and outgrowth that caused the changes in plant architecture and bulb structure. Meanwhile, our findings suggest that the level of endogenous plant hormone(GA_3, IAA and ZR) cooperates with the content of sugar(sucrose and fructose) in leaf and stem to regulate axillary bud outgrowth in garlic. 相似文献
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The plant hormone cytokinin stimulates asymmetrical division in target cells of the protonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica, leading to bud formation. The initial division can be induced in the absence of cytokinin by the calcium ionophore A23187 in medium containing calcium. These findings suggest that increases in the concentration of intracellular calcium are essential to bud initiation. Therefore mitotic regulation by cytokinin may be due, at least in part, to the modulation of intracellular calcium ion concentration. 相似文献
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Shoot branching is regulated by the complex interactions among hormones, development, and environmental factors. Recent studies into the regulatory mechanisms of shoot branching have focused on strigolactones,which is a new area of investigation in shoot branching regulation. Elucidation of the function of the D53 gene has allowed exploration of detailed mechanisms of action of strigolactones in regulating shoot branching. In addition,the recent discovery that sucrose is key for axillary bud release has challenged the established auxin theory, in which auxin is the principal agent in the control of apical dominance. These developments increase our understanding of branching control and indicate that regulation of shoot branching involves a complex network. Here, we first summarize advances in the systematic regulatory network of plant shoot branching based on current information. Then we describe recent developments in the synthesis and signal transduction of strigolactones.Based on these considerations, we further summarize the plant shoot branching regulatory network, including long distance systemic signals and local gene activity mediated by strigolactones following perception of external environmental signals, such as shading, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of plant shoot branching. 相似文献
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[目的]研究蔓性千斤拔组织培养中种子灭菌的方法,筛选适宜芽增殖的外植体及激素组合。[方法]用乙醇、次氯酸钠和升汞的不同组合对种子进行灭菌,然后比较顶芽和带腋芽的茎段作为外植体进行继代增殖的效果,探讨不同激素组合对芽增殖的影响。[结果]较好的种子灭菌方法为:75%乙醇30 s+10%NaClO10 min+0.1%HgCl25 min;带腋芽的茎段为较好的继代增殖外植体。6-BA对芽增殖有显著促进作用;KT对芽的增殖效果不如6-BA;芽增殖的最佳激素组合为6-BA2.0 mg/L+IAA0.1 mg/L,增殖倍数为6.74。[结论]获得了较好的种子灭菌方法,筛选出适合继代增殖培养的外植体和激素组合,为蔓性千斤拔组织培养的深入研究提供实验基础。 相似文献
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研究了地膜覆盖栽培对烤烟腋芽生长的影响。设地膜覆盖栽植后20d破膜掏苗,地膜覆盖栽植后立即破膜掏苗和不盖地膜3种处理。结果表明:地膜覆盖栽培在促进烤烟植株生长的同时,也促进了烟株腋芽的生长,尤以栽后20d破膜掏苗的为甚。另外,对地膜覆盖栽培能够促进烟株腋芽生长的原因进行了分析。 相似文献
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【目的】浸种处理是马铃薯生产中常用的促进块茎萌发的手段,然而浸种剂使用不当,会引起内源激素的失调,导致马铃薯高脚苗的发生。研究壳寡糖浸种对马铃薯微型薯芽生长及内源激素含量的影响,为壳寡糖作为马铃薯微型薯拌种剂的安全使用提供理论支持。【方法】以‘费乌瑞它’马铃薯微型薯为试材,分别用10、50和200 mg·L-1(w/v)的壳寡糖溶液浸种处理,筛选促芽生长的最佳壳寡糖浓度,以50 mg·L-1(w/v)浸种15 min为处理组(COS50),蒸馏水浸种为阴性对照(Con),并选择易引起块茎芽细长且疯长的外源赤霉素3(15 mg·L-1,w/v)浸种处理为阳性对照(GA3)。测定各处理对微型薯发芽率、发芽势、芽长和芽直径的影响,并检测浸种处理前(BT)、萌发前期(BGS)、萌发期(GS)和伸长期(VG)顶芽内源激素含量的变化,用石蜡切片染色观察GS期顶芽细胞的形态,采用Pearson相关分析研究芽生长与内源激素含量的内在联系。【结果】50 mg·L-1(w/v... 相似文献
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麻疯树茎段离体培养及快速繁殖研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
以麻疯树幼嫩枝条腋芽为外植体,以M S为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的激素组合(6 BA与IBA)进行芽诱导和增殖培养。结果表明,M S基本培养基利于不定芽的诱导与形成,出芽率可达75.0%。附加6 BA 2.5m g/L、IBA 0.1~0.5m g/L的组合芽增殖率可达47.6%~47.8%;随着6 BA浓度增加,芽增殖率也随着升高,但不同浓度IBA对芽增殖率的影响则没有一定规律,其增殖效果不如6 BA明显。此外,在M S基本培养基中是否添加激素对生根培养影响不大,两者生根率差异不明显。 相似文献
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以新株型 (NPT)水稻为供试材料 ,特青和汕优 63为对照 ,从分蘖动态与形态解剖特征对 NPT水稻分蘖特性进行研究 .结果表明 ,NPT水稻具有分蘖力弱、分蘖期和有效分蘖期相对较长、低节位分蘖极少、平均有效穗少、成穗率高等特点 .分蘖原基解剖观察表明 ,NPT水稻各分蘖节均有腋芽原基发生 ,但高节位与低节位的芽原基发育存在差别 .低节位的芽原基绝大多数成为败育腋芽 ,有些低节位分蘖腋芽发育正常 ,但因其根原基发育不良或幼叶生长锥萎缩变形造成腋芽难以成蘖 .高节位的腋芽则发育良好 ,都能成蘖 .在试验中还观察到 NPT水稻顶芽发育良好 ,具有明显的顶端优势 相似文献