红蓼提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性研究

研究了红蓼的不同溶剂提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性和作用方式。研究结果表明,甲醇、氯仿、石油醚和水四种提取物对桃蚜没有明显的触杀和内吸杀虫活性,只有甲醇提取物对桃蚜具有明显的拒食活性,且随着浓度梯度的增加,拒食率提高。     

40种中药提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性测定

桃蚜是蔬菜、果树等农林作物的重要害虫,寻找新型的植物源杀虫剂,安全、有效的控制其危害对当前农业生产有重要意义。采用超声波提取法获得了川椒、苦地丁、白花蛇舌草等40种中药的95%乙醇提取物,在室内采用浸渍法初步测定了其对桃蚜的杀虫活性。结果表明,供试中药中有12种对桃蚜杀虫活性在50%以上,其中川椒和苦地丁的提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性高,48h桃蚜的校正死亡率分别达到93%和83%。川椒、苦地丁等12种中药具有进一步研究开发的价值。     

半夏提取物对桃蚜生物活性的研究

用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇提取半夏干粉中的活性物质,研究不同溶剂提取物对桃蚜的生物活性。结果表明,3种溶剂半夏提取物对桃蚜均有较好的拒食、毒杀和内吸活性,其中无水乙醇提取物的效果最好 100.0 mg/ml 3种溶剂半夏提取物处理48 h对桃蚜的拒食率和毒杀校正死亡率分别在90.00%和40.00%以上 半夏提取物浓度越高、作用时间越长,对桃蚜的生物活性越好。     

青花椒提取物对桃蚜的生物活性研究

为了有效控制桃蚜的危害,研发新型、高效植物源杀虫剂,在室内测定了不同提取方法和不同溶剂提取的青花椒提取物对桃蚜的生物活性。结果表明:不同提取方法和不同溶剂提取的提取物对桃蚜的毒力有显著差异,以超声波提取石油醚为溶剂组合的提取物对桃蚜有较高的死亡率,浓度为33.3g/L提取物处理桃蚜48 h后,校正死亡率为93.33%,其对桃蚜的LC50为10.39 g/L;浓度分别为50.0 g/L、25.0 g/L、16.7 g/L、12.5 g/L、10 g/L时,处理桃蚜24 h后,对其的忌避率分别为81.94%、78.43%、80.31%、71.90%、66.67%;桃蚜在浓度为50.0 g/L提取物处理叶片上饲养时,其寿命和产仔量分别比对照减少3.66 d和31.17头。表明青花椒超声波石油醚提取物对桃蚜有较高的触杀和忌避活性,对其生长发育有较强的抑制作用。     

两种植物粗提物对桃蚜的杀虫活性研究

本试验主要以桃蚜为研究对象,通过喷雾法和浸渍法,进行河朔芫花氯仿提取物和地肤甲醇提取物对桃蚜杀虫作用的初步研究。获得结果为河朔芫花氯仿提取物使用喷雾法时24 h的致死中浓度为375.65 mg/L,使用浸渍法时24 h的致死中浓度为218.04 mg/L;地肤甲醇提取物用喷雾法时24 h致死中浓度为382.21 mg/L,浸渍法时24 h致死中浓度为303.21 mg/L。     

冰草提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性及对体内两种酶活性的影响

重点介绍了冰草的不同溶剂提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性及其对蚜虫体内蛋白酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性的影响。结果表明,冰草氯仿和水提取物对桃蚜有较好的内吸活性,并对桃蚜体内蛋白酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性均有明显抑制作用,而在触杀处理中,提取物对蚜虫各酶系活性的影响不明显。     

4种中药材提取物对桃粉蚜的室内毒力

本研究采用浸虫浸液法测定蛇床子、苍耳、防风和麻黄4种中药材提取物对桃粉蚜的触杀作用.结果表明,4种中药材提取物均对桃粉蚜有明显的触杀效果,总的来说,24 h和48 h校正死亡率均为蛇床子>苍耳>防风>麻黄;对桃粉蚜24 h毒力最强的是蛇床子,LC50值为0.346 mg/mL;48 h毒力最强的是苍耳,LC50值为3....     

植物乙醇提取物对青花菜上桃蚜的影响

在室内测试了19种植物乙醇提取物对青花菜上桃蚜的影响,结果表明:处理后1~2 d,辣椒、勒杜鹃、蓖麻等7种植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜具有较好的忌避作用;辣椒、勒杜鹃等9种植物的乙醇提取物,桃蚜存活指数较低;马齿苋、蓖麻等9种植物的乙醇提取物,桃蚜繁殖忌避指数较小;处理后实验桃蚜种群干扰作用指数IIPC<1的植物有17种;单独使用勒杜鹃、辣椒、马齿苋、蓖麻对桃蚜的自然种群都有一定的控制作用;勒杜鹃与马齿苋、辣椒与马齿苋混用、马齿苋与蓖麻混用的组合对桃蚜的自然种群控制效果比较好。     

桃蚜对香椿提取物的电生理及行为反应

本文研究了桃蚜对香棒叶及茎皮提取物的触角电位以及嗅觉选择行为反应。     

75种植物提取物对萝卜蚜杀虫活性的测定

用点滴法测定了75种植物甲醇提取物对萝卜蚜的触杀活性。24 h校正死亡率大于80%的植物有大头艾纳香等两种,校正死亡率在50%~80%的植物有朝天灌等15种,其余植物提取物的校正死亡率在50%以下。进一步测定了其中5种植物提取物对萝卜蚜的触杀毒力,其中,大头艾纳香茎叶的触杀毒力最高,LD50为3.959 7μg/头,5种植物相对毒力从高到低的顺序是:大头艾纳香>石油菜>相思豆>薏苡>朝天灌。     

桃蚜空间格局的研究

应用检验昆虫种群空间格局的方法,得出桃蚜在早熟甘兰田中以疏松的个体群呈聚集分布,个体群内的分布是随机的,在一切密度下均为聚集分布,聚集强度具密度依赖性。聚集是由桃蚜习性引起的。根据其空间格局,提出了估计田间种群数量的最适抽样数。     

灰葡萄孢菌两种发酵粗提物对烟蚜的杀虫活性初步研究

 用浸渍法测定灰葡萄孢菌的固体和液体发酵粗提物对烟蚜的触杀活性。结果表明：液体和固体的发酵产物对烟蚜都有杀虫活性，且固体发酵产物的触杀活性大于液体发酵产物，30 h后的LC₅₀分别为0.483 6 mg/mL和3.803 6 mg/mL。     

红蓼提取物对桃蚜拒食活性及触角电位的研究

研究了红蓼的不同溶剂提取物对桃蚜的拒食活性和电生理—触角电位(EAG)的反应。结果表明:甲醇提取物对桃蚜具有较好的拒食活性,且随着处理时间的延长,拒食效果仍保持较高的水平。处理6h、12h和24h后的拒食中浓度分别为6.0545mg·mL-1、4.0363mg·mL-1和2.6387mg·mL-1。触角电位也表明桃蚜对甲醇提取物有明显的EAG反应,且随着浓度的增加而增强。     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.