不同处理对樱桃番茄贮藏品质的影响

为了探究不同品种的樱桃番茄果实在采后贮藏期间生理生化的变化,以吉甜一号和千禧两种樱桃番茄果实作为试验材料,在4℃贮藏条件下贮藏16 d,定期观察其外观品质,并测定其相关生理指标以确定最优品种,同时对两种樱桃番茄果实进行气调处理(4%O₂+2%CO₂)、1-MCP处理和0.25 kJ/m² UV-C辐照处理,进一步探究更有益于樱桃番茄果实的采后贮藏方式。结果表明:在4℃贮藏条件下,吉甜一号比千禧樱桃番茄果实外观品质更优,更有利于贮藏;使用0.25 kJ/m² UV-C辐照处理能够抑制两种樱桃番茄果实的硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,延缓可溶性蛋白的流失,较好地减少了果实营养物质的消耗;使用1-MCP处理能够保持两种樱桃番茄果实可溶性固形物含量,有效抑制果实中VC含量的降低;经0.25 kJ/m² UV-C辐照处理和1-MCP处理均能有效保持两种樱桃番茄的品质,而气调处理虽能减少樱桃番茄的乙烯释放量,但不利于贮藏保鲜。     

PE保鲜袋结合1-甲基环丙烯、乙烯吸收剂对红香酥梨采后生理品质的影响

为了探究不同材料的保鲜袋自发气调包装对红香酥梨果实采后生理和贮藏品质的影响,研究了6种包装处理(CK、高渗出CO2保鲜袋、PE袋、PE袋+1-甲基环丙烯保鲜剂、PE袋+乙烯吸收剂、PVC袋)的红香酥梨在(0±0.5)℃低温下冷藏120,180,240 d后在常温20℃条件下平衡24 h和放置7 d时果实呼吸强度、乙烯释...     

联合气调包装贮藏对樱桃保鲜效果的影响

采用冷藏条件下联合自发气调包装(CMP)方式贮藏樱桃进行了调查研究,结果表明,贮藏10天樱桃的呼吸强度为4.1 mgCO2/kg·h左右,腐烂率基本控制在10%以内.与纯冷藏相比,联合气调包装保鲜方式可以有效地降低采后樱桃的呼吸强度与腐烂率,有效地保持了采后樱桃的硬度,提高其耐贮性,经济效益显著.     

包装和乙烯吸收剂对大久保桃贮藏品质的影响

以九成熟大久保桃为试材,研究了包装和乙烯吸收剂——乙烯净处理对果实硬度、可溶性固形物（TSS）、可滴定酸、出汁率以及腐烂和褐变的影响。试验结果表明,乙烯吸收剂和包装处理较对照处理明显地抑制了果实硬度的下降、TSS上升和出汁率的增加,延缓了腐烂和褐变的发生,但对可滴定酸含量没有明显影响。乙烯吸收剂的添加不影响果肉的正常成熟软化．其抑制腐烂的效果好于包装处理．但褐变现象有所加重．     

MAP结合1-MCP对“黄冠”梨果实常温贮藏品质的影响

以"黄冠"梨为试材,研究自发气调包装(MAP)结合1-MCP处理(MAP+1-MCP)对"黄冠"梨在常温包装3 d后货架7 d时品质的影响。结果表明,MAP结合1-MCP处理较未包装(CK)和MAP处理可显著抑制"黄冠"梨果实乙烯释放与果心褐变,保持果实较好的硬度、色泽、可滴定酸及VC含量,但对可溶性固形物含量无显著影响。上述研究表明,MAP结合1-MCP处理能够延缓常温下"黄冠"梨果实的衰老,保持良好的果实品质。     

常温薄膜包装和乙烯吸收剂对粉蕉贮藏效果的影响

以‘粉杂一号’粉蕉为材料,研究了薄膜包装(MAP)和不同处理后在常温(25±2)℃下贮藏保鲜的效果。采用双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜袋包装,以52℃ 1 min热水、400 mg/L施保克、自主研发的乙烯吸收剂等对果实进行单一或复合处理。结果表明：采用施保克 乙烯吸收剂保鲜效果最好,贮藏时间达到30天,好果率高,果实后熟色泽风味好;其次为采用热水 乙烯吸收剂,贮藏时间也达21天。两者与对照或单一处理相比,明显保持果实的品质及延缓硬度下降、果皮变黄等。常温下用热水或施保克处理后加入乙烯吸收剂,用BOPP薄膜袋包装,可延长粉蕉贮藏时间3倍以上,该技术操作简易、可行有效,适合广大果农在生产上推广应用。     

乙烯吸收剂对丰水梨果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响

为了探讨乙烯吸收剂通过调控环境乙烯,进而抑制梨果实软化的作用,以丰水梨为研究材料,用PE18 μm保鲜袋包装,研究了乙烯吸收剂在0℃条件下,对果实冷藏期间果实硬度、乙烯释放以及细胞壁物质代谢的影响。结果表明,丰水梨果实乙烯释放高峰过后,伴随着果实软化,而果实乙烯释放与袋内环境乙烯浓度变化呈极显著正相关关系,果实硬度与水溶性果胶含量呈极显著负相关关系。乙烯吸收剂通过对环境乙烯的调控作用,抑制了果实乙烯释放和PME、PG活性的升高,使果胶物质降解速度受限,从而有效保持了果实硬度,延缓了果实软化进程。     

自发气调包装对阿巴特梨冷藏效果影响的研究

冷藏条件下,采用0．02mm厚的聚乙烯袋（PE）薄膜和0．04mm厚的低密度聚氯乙烯（PVC）薄膜为包装材料贮藏阿巴特梨,研究了自发气调包装（MAP）对果实生理变化的影响。结果表明：MAP贮藏可有效抑制阿巴特梨果实乙烯释放量和呼吸强度,抑制果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量下降,延缓果实的衰老进程,降低果实的病果率与黑皮指数,MAP对阿巴特梨有较好的保鲜效果。其中,以0．04mm厚的PVC袋包装保鲜效果较好。     

贮藏环境乙烯对不同低温下库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响

以新疆库尔勒香梨为试材,研究其在-1℃和2℃下不同乙烯浓度(0,自发气调,100μL/L)环境中果实外观色泽和内在品质等的变化规律。结果表明,与环境中的乙烯相比,温度对贮藏期间的果实品质影响较大;贮藏于-1℃的果实果皮颜色保持较好,硬度较高,腐烂率较低,而贮藏于2℃的果实品质则相对较差;相同温度条件下,处于自发气调环境中的果实腐烂率较低,果柄保鲜指数较高,但不同乙烯浓度处理对库尔勒香梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量以及VC含量等品质指标的影响无明显规律性。     

1-MCP、乙烯吸收剂以及MAP处理对“新红星”苹果冷藏和货架期品质的影响

对“新红星”苹果进行1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）、自发气调包装（MAP）与乙烯吸收剂（EA）处理,然后于0 ℃下冷藏,研究不同处理在冷藏270 d后20 ℃货架期果实品质的差异。结果表明：贮后货架期间,“新红星”苹果果实硬度和可滴定酸含量下降,可溶性固形物含量无明显变化,虎皮病增多;MAP包装与1-MCP+EA+MAP能较好维持冷藏期间“新红星”苹果果实硬度,同时1-MCP+EA明显降低了冷藏期间虎皮病病情指数、显著降低了果实乙烯释放量和呼吸速率,并且抑制果皮α-法尼烯及共轭三烯的生成。综合分析认为,1-MCP+EA+MAP处理能较好维持"新红星"苹果冷藏和货架期间的品质,并能显著控制果实虎皮病的发生。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.