桉树硫酸盐浆的漂白

桉木硫酸盐漂白浆的显著特点是松厚度好和不透明度高,适宜于制造各种印刷纸,书写纸和卫生用薄纸,手感柔软。是目前纸张生产者乐于接受的一个浆种。桉木硫酸盐未漂浆经氧脱木素卡伯值可降低45～50％。氯化纸浆中的有机氯比未经氧脱木素纸浆申的有机氯少一半。漂白废水中的有机卤物化(AOX)生成量很低。在氯和次氯酸盐漂白过程中能生成微量的二恶英(DIOXIN)、三氯甲烷。用二氧化氯取代氯气是目前减少此类有害物质生成的有效手段。现代化的漂白流程都包括有氧脱木素过程,在氯化段用高百分比二氧化氯代替氯气,碱抽提段在加热状态下加入少量氧气,可大大地减少后面漂白段的二氧化氯耗用量。桉木硫酸盐浆经氧脱木素后用C/D—E/0—D短流程的三段漂白可获得89％(ISO)白度的全漂白化学木浆。     

针叶木硫酸盐浆酶处理漂白效果

用酶预处理针叶木硫酸盐浆，再进行ＣＥＤＥＤ程序漂白。ＣＥ段结束后浆料的卡伯值有明显的降低，漂白终点的纸浆白度有提高，可以节省氯化段有效氯的用量。     

新疆杨幼龄材带皮硫酸盐法化学浆漂白性能的研究

研究了新疆杨木１～３年生带皮硫酸盐法化学浆的漂白规律。结果表明：采用单段和二段次氯酸盐漂白，漂后浆白度较低，分别为６３．１％和６６．７％（ＳＢＤ）；采用常规次氯酸盐三段漂白（ＣＥＨ），漂白度可达７５％（ＳＢＤ）以上；采用少量过氧化氢结合常规次氯酸盐多段漂白，漂后浆白度达８０％（ＳＢＤ）以上。     

桉树制浆综述

本文介绍了(1)用桉木生产漂白化学浆,包括硫酸盐法和碱一蒽醌法制浆;(2)用按木生产漂白半化学浆,主要是中性亚硫酸盐半化学高得率浆;(3)用桉木生产漂白化学机械浆,包括冷碱法和亚硫酸盐法制浆;(4)用桉木生产漂白化学热磨机械浆。     

过氧化氢在硫酸盐阔叶木浆E－H中的应用

过氧化氢在硫酸盐阔叶木浆Ｅ－Ｈ中的应用牡丹江木材综合加工厂王胜国过氧化氢最早用于机械浆漂白，以后逐渐发展到用于漂白硫酸盐浆、亚硫酸盐浆和冷碱浆。到目前为止，应用过氧化氢漂白的各种纸浆在国外已较普遍。在国内应用过氧化氢漂白起步较晚，最初也是用于机械浆漂...     

漆酶-介体系统处理麦草化学浆全无氯漂白性能的研究

采用漆酶－介体系统对麦草化学浆进行预处理，研究了几种全无氯漂白（TCF漂白）[氧碱脱木质素配合两段过氧化氢漂白（OEPP），两段过氧化氢漂白（QPP）和过乙酸配合一段过氧化氢漂白(PaP)]对漆酶处理后纸浆漂白性能的作用，结果表明，麦草浆经过漆酶预处理后，白度上升了12．9个白度单位（%,ISO)，漆酶处理浆氧碱脱木质素配合过氧化氢漂白后比原浆在相同条件下漂白后白度高14个白度单位以上，经两段过氧化氢漂白后白度比原浆在相同条件下（过氧化氢用量4％）漂白后白度高18．3个白度单位，经过乙酸过氧化氢漂白后比原浆在相同条件下漂白后白度高8．1个白度单位。漆酶处理浆漂白后强度比原浆漂白后的低，但是其白度高，如漂至相同的白度可以节约大量漂剂，有利于改善浆的质量，降低漂白废水的污染负荷。     

浙江马尾松、黄山松高白度化学浆的研究

研究浙江马尾松、黄山松硫酸盐法制浆的最佳工艺条件,以及生产高白度化学浆的新工艺。采用氧脱木素及低毒性Ｄ／ＣＥ０Ｄ１ＥＤ２漂白程序,可将纸浆分别漂至９０．５％和９２．０％,并保持较高的物理强度。     

氧脱木质素技术的应用前景

氧脱木质素技术应用到多段漂白高白度浆生产工艺流程中，可以提高细浆得率，降低纸浆的粘度损失，提高白度，减少氯化段有效氯用量３０％～５０／，减少漂白段的ＣＯＤ和ＡＯＸ的排放量。     

尿素在桦木Kp浆漂白中的应用

采用在氯化段或次氯酸盐漂白段添加尿素和碱抽提强化技术，以改善桦木硫酸盐浆ＣＥＨ三段漂白的效率。研究结果表明：在次氯酸盐漂白段添加尿素，不仅可以提高纸浆粘度和白度，而且漂白浆返黄减轻；若在氯化段和次氯酸盐漂白段同时添加尿素，纸浆粘度最高，碳水化合物得到最大程度的保护。     

滇南高海拔地区桉树优良无性系的选择及其制浆造纸性能研究

通过对所引种培育的10个桉树无性系的测定和选择,杂交桉树(尾巨桉)在造林中表现优异,4年生时有三个品系年均蓄积增长量在30m3.hm-2以上,在对比试验林中生长较好的无性系,在大面积示范种植中也显示其生长优势,推广种植的两年生桉树年平均生长量均为33m3.hm-2以上,第一年至第二年的净生长量为48m3.hm-2以上。通过对生长表现较好的四个桉树优良无性系制浆造纸应用进行评价研究,它们的化学成分抽出物含量偏低,纤维素及综纤维素含量偏高,对纸浆得率的提高有利,纤维形态属于桉木中的中等水平,LH110和LH107的硫酸盐浆得率能达到52%-53%;硫酸盐浆的粘度都在1430ml.g-1以上,LH110的则在1500ml.g-1以上,从四个无性系漂白硫酸盐浆所表现出来的强度指标来看,可划为阔叶硫酸盐浆中的高强度纸浆;白度指标值高达94.8%-97.6%,完全可以进入超高白度纸浆的应用市场,表现出更高的附加值。     

木聚糖酶预处理对麦草化学机械浆可漂性及白度的改善

探讨了以玉米芯片为碳源制备木聚糖酶及麦草化学机械浆经该木聚糖酶预处理后可漂性和白度的改善效果。结果表明，直接以玉米芯为底物、里氏木霉为菌种产酶效果较好，当底物浓度为18g/L时，木聚糖酶活力可达38．34IU／mL。木聚糖酶预处理有利于改善麦草化机浆的可漂性，促进其过氧化氢漂白，有提高漂白浆白度，降低漂剂消耗。研究表明，当经单段H2O2漂至相同白度时，木聚糖酶预处理后可节约50％的H2O2用量。若麦草CMP酶处理后采用高浓度两段过氧化氢漂白，即XP3P3漂序（H2O2总量为6％0时，白度可达60％（ISO）以上。     

Modeling hydrogen peroxide bleaching to predict optical properties of bleached hardwood CMP

Due to the variations in opacity and brightness of peroxide bleached pulp at Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries Company (MWPI), empirical models were developed to predict chemimechanical pulp (CMP) brightness and opacity from peroxide bleaching conditions and to drive the optimum operating conditions. To overcome the inconsistency problem, a multi-variate regression analysis method was used for model building. The models were then validated using a new data set from the bleach plant at MWPI, assessing the models’ predictive ability and performance. The results show that there is a relationship between bleaching variables and such dependent variables as pulp brightness and opacity. In addition to the hydrogen peroxide charge and pulp initial brightness, the initial opacity had a significant reverse effect on the final CMP brightness. It was also found that the concentration of total Na⁺ in the CMP tower was the most important variable affecting the final pulp opacity. The validation results demonstrated that these models can be employed as useful tools for process optimization purposes.     

麦草爆破制浆漂白性能研究(英文)

本文就麦草浆漂白的性能进行了探讨，以期改善纸浆白度．Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白剂因漂白损失小、漂后白度稳定性好，从而常用于纸浆漂白，特别是高得率浆的漂白．为寻找Ｈ２Ｏ２的漂白规律，本文对Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白过程的影响因素进行了研究．漂白剂Ｈ２Ｏ２在水中电离生成ＯＯＨ－作为漂白的有效成分，其浓度的提高使反应顺利进行．因此增加Ｈ２Ｏ２用量将获得较好的漂白效果．Ｈ２Ｏ２在碱ｐＨ缓冲剂存在的环境中电离，将产生一个较稳定的ＯＯＨ－浓度，使漂白反应稳定．但是过高的ｐＨ值会导致Ｈ２Ｏ２分解，同时碱与浆中木素的反应生成新的发色基因，使纸浆白度下降．适当的温度会促使Ｈ２Ｏ２的电离，使漂白反应顺利进行．但温度过高则使Ｈ２Ｏ２分解，失去漂白作用．为消除重金属离子对Ｈ２Ｏ２的催化分解作用，加入了螯合剂．根据ＭｏｎｉｃａＬｕｎｄｑｕｉｓｔ的研究模型，本文对麦草爆破浆的Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白进行了研究，白度值可表示为ｄＷｄｔ＝ｋ［Ｈ２Ｏ２］０．２３４０［ＮａＯＨ］１．２６１９Ｗ－１．８１７６．公式表明：较高的Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度、ＮａＯＨ浓度及较少的发色因素对白度提高有利．从公式中还可看出在保证必需的Ｈ２Ｏ２用量的情况下，ｐＨ值的控制对白度的提高是一个关键因素．由于漂白反应     

Performance of new and commercial xylanases for ECF and TCF bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp

Since xylanases can differ widely in their bleaching efficiency, the performance of one new and two commercial xylanases was evaluated in an eucalyptus kraft pulp following XD (X: xylanase; D: chlorine dioxide) and XP (P: hydrogen peroxide) sequences. The new xylanase did not show a significant bleach boosting effect but increased the hexenuronic acid (HexA) removal by 10% after the D stage. The two commercial xylanases behaved in a different way, being one of them (X_C) the most effective in increasing delignification (9%) and brightness (3%ISO). Its effectiveness was related to its greater action on releasing the xylan polymer, thus producing also a strong decrease in the HexA contents during the enzymatic stage (15%). All xylanases produced morphological changes in the fibre surfaces, but only with X_C cracks and holes that improved the diffusion of reactives were observed. Finally, the best bleaching results were obtained with the XD sequence and therefore, a complete bleaching sequence XDEopD₁ (Eop: alkaline extraction with oxygen and peroxide) was carried out with the best enzyme.     

TCF Bleaching of Populus tomentosa Kraft Pulps with H2O2 Pretreatment under Acid Condition

The process of peroxide bleaching of Populus tomentosa kraft pulp with H2O2 pretreatment under acid condition was studied. The variations of pulp characteristics such as brightness, Kappa number and viscosity during the peroxide bleaching process were discussed and the concept of the A/B value was presented for the first time. The results show that acid pretreatment with H2O2 is essential to improve pulp brightness and avoid viscosity loss. The conclusion is reached that the A/B value has great influence on pulp properties when the total amount of peroxide used in the bleaching process is 2%–5%. Pulp with a high viscosity and brightness can be obtained when A/B is about 0.15.     

TCF bleaching of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis> kraft pulps with H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> pretreatment under acid condition

The process of peroxide bleaching of Populus tomentosa kraft pulp with H₂O₂ pretreatment under acid condition was studied. The variations of pulp characteristics such as brightness, Kappa number and viscosity during the peroxide bleaching process were discussed and the concept of the A/B value was presented for the first time. The results show that acid pretreatment with H₂O₂ is essential to improve pulp brightness and avoid viscosity loss. The conclusion is reached that the A/B value has great influence on pulp properties when the total amount of peroxide used in the bleaching process is 2%–5%. Pulp with a high viscosity and brightness can be obtained when A/B is about 0.15. [Supported by the National “863” Project (Grant No. 2002AA241071)]     

杨木制浆技术的新进展

本文介绍了用杨木生产漂白化学浆,包括硫酸盐法,硫酸盐-蒽醌法,烧碱-蒽醌法和碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌法制浆;用杨木生产漂白化学热磨机械浆;用杨木生产碱性过氧化氢机械浆;特别是杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆是90年代发展研制成功的高得率、高白度和强度性好的新化学机械浆种,它适用于配抄低定量胶印新闻纸、低定量涂布纸等。     

甲脒亚磺酸用于麦草Soda-AQ浆漂白的研究

对甲脒亚磷酸（ＦＡＳ）用于麦草Ｓｏｄａ－ＡＱ浆漂白的可能性进行了研究，重点考察了麦草Ｓｏｄａ－ＡＱ浆过氧化氢（Ｐ）和甲脒亚磺酸（Ａ）两段漂白中的几个过程变量（Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＦＡＳ用量、温度、时间）对漂白的影响，找出了较佳的ＰＦ漂白工艺条件。结果表明，Ｐ段Ｈ２Ｑ用量２％～３％（对绝干浆）、Ｆ段ＦＡＳ用量０．５％（对绝干浆）、温度７０℃、时间３（）ｎｄ为较佳的漂白工艺条件。研究中发现，Ｌ＊与白度呈线性正相关。ａ＊与Ｌ＊呈线性负相关，而ｂ＊与Ｌ＊之间无明确的相关性。     

马尾松硫酸盐浆过氧化氢强化氧漂的研究

探讨了预处理和过氧化氢强化氧漂对氧漂浆性能的影响,结果表明：采用酶、螯合预处理能较多地提高氧漂的选择性和脱木素程度,而对漂后浆的白度影响较小。在氧漂过程中添加过氧化氢能大幅度提高预处理浆的白度,而浆的卡伯值和粘度下降较小。