浅谈黑龙江省林木种苗专项工程建设

通过国家对黑龙江省林木种苗建设的投入,极大地改善了种苗基地的基础设施现状,完善了生产设备,改变了生产条件,提高了经营管理水平,增强了种子的繁、采、调、控、贮,苗木的育、管、起、运、栽等作业机械化程度,加快了实现种苗生产基地化、质量标准化、造林良种化步伐。     

加强林业国际合作 服务“桥头堡”建设

改革开放以来,我省林业系统通过内引外联、上下联动,实施了外国政府、国际组织和民间机构的贷款／赠款造林项目、保护项目以及技术援助项目。项目的实施推进了我省林业国际化进程,增加了林业建设的投资,在植被恢复、森林资源和生物多样性保护等方面起到了积极作用,更重要的是引进了国际先进的理念、技术和机制,实现了林业科技、人才、管理、资金的国际合作与交流。     

壶瓶山国家级自然保护区初步评价

文章对保护区进行了初步评价,介绍了保护区的资源状况,选取自然性、多样性、稀有性、脆弱性、典型性、面积适宜性、科研价值等指标评价了保护区自然生态质量,阐述了保护区的生态、社会、经济效益,讨论了保护区的管理现状以及存在问题,提出了加快壶瓶山保护区建设的重要意义。     

花城之春

春回大地,万物复苏。春天来了,带来了喜悦,带来了陶醉,更带来了大自然的美妙。火红的木棉,艳丽的杜娟,紫色的、白色的、粉色的紫荆……把花城广州的城市出入口、道路、天桥、公园等装扮得姹紫嫣红,美不胜收。二沙岛、麓湖路、流花路、解放路等道路边五彩缤纷的鲜花争芳吐艳,花香扑鼻,满目的花花世界     

3种长效基肥对李果实品质和产量的影响

为了研究农家肥、菌渣、缓释肥3种基肥对李子品质和产量的影响,对李王、黑琥珀、安哥诺进行了施肥试验,研究结果表明,农家肥对于改善李王、黑琥珀、安哥诺的果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸均有显著效果,与对照相比,果实硬度分别提高了28.86%、44.41%、34.88%,可溶性固形物分别提高了26.69%、22.24%、15.04%,可溶性糖含量分别提高了42.79%、20.36%、26.39%,可滴定酸含量分别降低了31.45%、15.28%、19.84%。3个品种菌渣处理果实维生素C的含量分别比对照提高了28.09%、17.95%、26.80%,单果重分别为93.37g、112.20g、89.83g,比对照增长了15.74%、31.84%、16.10%,与其他处理均存在显著差异。施用缓释肥提高了3个李品种的产量,分别为58.38kg、58.68kg、47.12kg,比对照分别提高了39.20%、29.71%、34.67%,与其他处理存在极显著差异。     

覆膜厚帘竹胶合板模板生产工艺

系统地介绍了覆膜厚帘竹胶合板模板生产工艺、流程设计、主要原辅材料质量要求、工业化生产工艺控制技术,分析了热压工艺条件对产品性能的影响,提出了冷、热水和蒸汽自动控制系统的新技术,有效地克服了传统生产工艺中用水量大、能耗高和产品鼓泡、变形等问题,较大程度地节约了能源,提高了生产效率和产品性能,降低了生产成本。     

杏树冻害及预防措施

2006年底至2007年年初,轮台县发生了大面积的冻害,2007年底至2008年年初再次导致杏大面积的冻害,轮台县最低气温达到了-26．5℃,对花、果、产量、品质等造成了相当大的影响。我们对杏树的冻害状况进行了跟踪调查,对杏树的花芽、坐果率、树体、枝条的冻害状况进行了设点观察,详细了解了杏树花芽、树体、枝条的冻害状况,并制定了防治措施。     

古树名木——自然留给人类的宝贵财富

我国古树名木众多,凡古村落、古驿道、古祠堂必有古树。苍郁的古树生机盎然,充满灵气,集古、奇、灵、神于一体;给人以恬静、幽远、清凉、古朴之感。参差错落的古树扩展了空间,浓缩了时间,折射了历史,成为特有的自然     

红色老人的绿化人生——记“中国绿化老人”单昭祥

树活百千年而无语,默默地装点着群山、河流、田野、村庄与城市。树多就成林,林大即为森,巍巍群山有了茂密的树木,才会有长流不息的清清溪水滋润着的田野、村庄与城镇。有了树就有了水,有了水就有了田,有了田就有了粮,有了粮就有了人。可见,树与人类的生存有着密切的关系。森林,对于人类的重要性不言而喻,我们的城市也需要树木来装点。     

江苏省淮安市园林绿地中地被植物的调查与评估

介绍了地被植物概念、分类和作用,阐述了江苏省淮安市园林绿地中部分地被植物的调查意义、内容、方法、范围等,并给出了调查的结果,指出了江苏省淮安市园林绿化中的地被植物推广应用中存在的问题,提出了淮安市园林绿化中选择地被植物的建议。     

Do commercial forest plantations reduce pressure on natural forests? Evidence from forest policy reforms in Uganda

This paper investigates if and how the establishment of private commercial forest plantations in degraded forest reserves can conserve natural forests in Uganda. It uses difference-in-difference and decomposition analyses on household data collected from intervention and control villages in the neighborhood of forest reserves. We find that commercial forest plantations are weakly effective in conserving natural forests. The reduction in forest use is unevenly distributed across households depending on location and resource endowments such as farmland and livestock. The results suggest that the conservation effectiveness can be enhanced by complementary interventions that change characteristics that reduce forest use, such as more education for forest users.     

我国黄竹天然竹林资源现状和保护策略分析

黄竹在我国生长于热带北缘湿热地区,在澜沧江中下游河谷地区形成大面积的天然林分,是我国面积最大、最具代表性的天然热带性大型丛生竹林。由于我国绝大部分天然黄竹林不属于自然保护区和天然林保护范围,其资源的开发和利用没有科学的规划,近年来天然黄竹林群落和以黄竹林为基础的植被环境破坏严重,亟需对其资源进行保护研究。本文对黄竹的资源现状和面临的问题进行了调查和分析,提出了黄竹种质资源的保护建议。     

Participatory forest conservation in Southwest lowland rainforests of Sri Lanka

Natural forest in Sri Lanka has been decreased significantly in the last few decades. The remaining natural forests especially in floristic region seven have undergone less conservation efforts in the past. Considering the capacity of the government and dependence on forest resources by local villagers, the only way for conservation of these forests in the Southwest lowland is forest management through local participation. Management plans for community-based resource management have been completed. However promotion of such management requires integrated measures, which are beyond jurisdiction of Forest Department. A holistic approach with political commitment concerning buffer zone villages and economic incentives with income generation opportunities supported by external inputs are expected to be implemented as a matter of urgency.     

Regional differences of water conservation in Beijing’s forest ecosystem

The water conservation capacities of main forests in Beijing,China were estimated through the quantitative analysis.Various methods developed in published papers on forest hydrology were employed.The forests in Huairou,Yanqing,Miyun,Mentougou and Fangshan districts are the main contributors to water conservation(the cumulative ratio reaches 65%),and the forests in Tongzhou,Chaoyang,Shunyi and Daxing districts have the highest water conservation capacity(3000 m3/ha).Altitude and slope are the key factors to affect the water conservation capacity.The forests located in Plain Area,Hilly Area,Low Mountain,and Middle Mountain contributes 27%,28%,24% and 21% of the conserved water,respectively.The water conservation capacity of forests in Plain Area(2 948 m3/ha),is superior to the forests in other regions.And the forests situated on Flat Slope,Moderate Slope and Gentle Slope constitute the largest proportion(nearly 93%) of water conservation,while the forests on Flat Slope has the highest water conservation capacity(2 797 m3/ha),and the forest on Steep slope has the lowest water conservation capacity(948 m3/ha).     

Applying spatial conservation prioritization software and high-resolution GIS data to a national-scale study in forest conservation

We apply a recently developed conservation prioritization method (Zonation algorithm) to a national-scale conservation planning task. The Finnish Forest and Park Service (Metsähallitus) was given the mandate to expand the current protected areas in southern Finland by 10 000 ha. The question is which areas should be selected out of the total area of 1 760 000 ha. The data available include a nation-wide GIS data set describing general features of forests at the resolution of 25 m × 25 m for entire Finland and another data set about biodiversity features within the current state-managed conservation areas. Ecologically, the key information includes forest age and the volume of growing stock for 20 forest types representing different productivity classes and dominant tree species. Our analysis employs four different connectivity components to identify forest areas that are (i) locally of high quality and internally well connected, (ii) well connected to surrounding high-quality forests, (iii) well connected to existing conservation areas, and (iv) large enough to allow efficient implementation. Expert evaluation of the results suggested that the present quantitative analysis was helpful in identifying areas with high conservation value systematically across southern Finland. Our analysis also showed that the highest forest conservation potential in Finland is located on privately owned land. The present techniques can be applied to many large-scale planning and management projects.     

实施天保工程对森工企业的影响及对策

本文从生产实际出发，对天保工程给森工企业带来的影响进行了细致的剖析，并提出了相应的对策，即实施天保工程应紧紧抓住森林分类经营、森工企业主营转向、职工转岗分流、强化资源和林地的监管、建立必要的政策保障体系等5个环节。     

Aspen-inhabiting Aphyllophoroid fungi in a managed forest landscape in Estonia

Abstract

In northern Europe, the biologically rich European aspen (Populus tremula) tends to disappear both from intensively managed and strictly protected forests, thus representing a biodiversity conservation challenge. This study describes the distribution of Aphyllophoroid fungi inhabiting aspen in a hemiboreal mixed-forest landscape where clear-cutting was usually followed by natural regeneration. In a 4-km² area in Estonia, 181 individual forest stands and cut areas were surveyed. Sixty-one percent of the 2831 live aspen trees found were concentrated in 11% of the area. Thirty-six polypore species were recorded on aspen, with old stands and naturally created deadwood hosting most species. Among the records of 14 pre-defined aspen-specific basidiomycetes, Phellinus tremulae comprised about 95%. Six species (Ceriporiopsis aneirina, Clavicorona pyxidata, Funalia trogii, Phellinus populicola, Rigidoporus corticola, Steccherinum pseudozilingianum) were infrequent to rare, but widely distributed, inhabiting various stand-age classes, and mostly occurring outside “key habitats”. All the seven species absent are of conservation concern and frequent in Estonian old-growth forests. Thus, rotational management with natural aspen regeneration only provided habitat for some aspen-specific species. For sustaining all species, such landscapes should probably be complemented with stands managed using modified thinning and partial harvesting techniques in aspen-containing mixed stands.     

Structural characteristics of typical water conservation forests in mountainous areas of Beijing

Forest structure and function are both closely interconnected and interdependent. It is important to understand forests’ structural characteristics to utilize their functions effectively. In this study, we quantified and compared 112 water conservation forests in the mountainous areas of Beijing, which included 18 different forest types. We performed a holistic analysis, summarizing the forests’ structural characteristics in terms of water conservation and examining aspects of horizontal and vertical structures. The results showed that natural conservation forests had mostly unevenly aged, multilayered, mixed structure, while most artificial conservation forests exhibited even-age, single-story, and homogeneous structures with relatively low biomass. Understanding structural features may provide better insight into how forests affect water conservation and thus improve the sustainable management of forests for water conservation in Beijing.     

Legacies from natural forest dynamics: Different effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi in pine and spruce forests

The species composition of wood-inhabiting fungi (polypores and corticoids) was investigated on 1138 spruce logs and 992 pine logs in 90 managed and 34 natural or near-natural spruce and pine forests in SE Norway.Altogether, the study included 290 species of wood-inhabiting fungi. Comparisons of logs with similar properties (standardized tree species, decay class, dimension class) in natural and managed forests showed a significant reduction in species number per log in managed spruce forests, but not in managed pine forests. The species number per log in managed spruce forests was 10-55% lower than on logs from natural spruce forests. The reduction was strongest on logs of large dimensions. A comparison of 200-400 spruce logs from natural and managed forests showed a 25% reduction in species richness corresponding to a conservative loss of ca. 40 species on a regional scale.A closer inspection revealed that species confined to medium and very decayed spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests, whereas species on early decay classes and decay generalists were unaffected. Similarly, species preferring large spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests. Forest management had strongest impact on low-frequent species in the spruce forests (more than 50% reduction), whereas common species were modestly affected. Corticoid fungi were more adversely affected than polypore fungi.These results indicate that wood-decaying fungi in pine forests are more adapted to forest disturbances than spruce-associated species. Management measures securing a continuous supply of dead wood are more important in spruce forests than in pine forests.     

谈鹤北林业局重点天然林保护技术

本文介绍了鹤北林区森林资源现状 ,讨论了重点天然林类型的划分 ,提出了鹤北林区实现天然林保护的措施和方法。