云南啤酒大麦品种区域试验中主要性状稳定性分析

运用朱军统计软件，对2001和2002年云南省大麦新品种区域试验中的10个供试品系进行了分析。结果表明：浙田7号和95194这两个品种各个性状稳定性最好，浙田7号作为饲料大麦，95194作为啤酒大麦，比较适于在云南省大部分地区推广。而如东7号和83203可以在云南省部分地区作为啤酒大麦推广。     

大麦科研工作的回顾与展望

驻马店市农科所 ,回顾 2 5年的科研历程 ,圆满完成了“河南大麦农家品种的整理” ,协作完成了多个大麦科研攻关项目 ;组织了黄淮流域大麦品种区试 ;建立发展啤酒大麦商品生产基地 ;先后育成了豫大麦 1号、2号 ,驻大麦 3号、4号等一批大麦新品种 ;引进示范推广了矮早三、浙农 82 14、85威 2 4等一批大麦新品种 ;研制出一套高产优质啤酒大麦栽培技术 ;获得省、市级科技成果奖 10余项 ;在省以上刊物发表论文 5 0余篇。为促进啤酒工业和城乡饲养业的发展做出了积极贡献。坚信 ,到 2 0 10年 ,在大麦科研工作中 ,要培育出更优的大麦新品种、取得更多的新成果 ,建立高产优质啤酒大麦和饲料大麦生产基地 ,迅速把科研成果转化为生产力 ,为振兴国民经济再作新贡献。     

大麦科研工作的回顾与展望

驻马店市农科所，回顾25年的科研历程，圆满完成了“河南大麦农家品种的整理”，协作完成了多个大麦科研攻关项目；组织了黄淮流域大麦品种区试；建立发展啤酒大麦商品生产基地；先后育成了豫大麦1号、2号，驻大麦3号、4号等一批大麦新品种；引进示范推广了矮早三、浙农8214、85威24等一批大麦新品种；研制出一套高产优质啤酒大麦栽培技术；获得省、市级科技成果奖10余项；在省以上刊物发表论文50余篇。为促进啤酒工业和城乡饲养业的发展做出了积极贡献。坚信，到2010年，在大麦科研工作中，要培育出更优的大麦新品种、取得更多的新成果，建立高产优质啤酒大麦和饲料大麦生产基地，迅速把科研成果转化为生产力，为振兴国民经济再作新贡献。     

品种区域结果简报

南方冬大麦区啤酒大麦品种区试,在7省1市9个点上进行,二年结果,以82—1(浙农大选育)居首位,平均亩产259.3公斤,比对照早熟3号增产10.7％,有的省份已经过审定推广。     

“浙啤33”免耕节本高产栽培技术示范

良种良法配套是保证作物高产稳产的关键条件,由于浙江省晚季水稻收获普遍推迟,稻茬田种植大麦受到诸多主客观条件的制约,优质、高产、富硒啤酒大麦新品种"浙啤33"是浙江省大麦主导品种,需要针对浙江省农业生产特点推广"浙啤33"免耕节本高产栽培技术。2008至2009、2009至2010和2010至2011年度在嘉兴秀洲区和嘉善县建立"浙啤33"高产示范方6个,平均产量6 555 kg/h m2,相对于嘉兴市大麦平均单产增幅为29.1%,辐射带动了全省大麦增产增收,增加了农民收益。     

不同大麦品种(系)在豫南地区的性状表现研究

通过对驻99024、驻20057-9、驻大麦7号、驻大麦3号、驻大麦5号、驻3-257及驻大麦4号等7个大麦品种(系)在豫南地区的性状表现研究,综合分析表明:参试品种(系)中,两个多棱饲料大麦驻大麦4号及驻3-257和二棱啤酒大麦品种驻大麦3号、驻大麦5号、驻大麦7号及驻20057-9这六个品种(系),适应性强,丰产性好,均可在豫南地区栽培种植,其中以驻大麦4号及驻大麦3号抗性最好,而驻99024适应性抗逆性稍差。     

大麦花药培养及其在啤酒大麦育种中的应用

实验结果表明大麦花药培养辅助啤酒大麦育种工作是可行的 ,筛选出了比较理想的诱导愈伤组织和诱导再分化的培养基 ,对F1和F3～ 4 代杂种材料的花培效果做了比较研究。共接种花药数为 2 4 85 6枚 ,得到绿苗 2 0 5 0株 ,从 (NasuNijo/Kinuyutaka)F1材料的 2 5 4株绿苗中 ,鉴定出一个啤酒大麦新品种 ,1997年在江苏被命名为单二大麦 ,是我国第一个用花药培养技术选育出的大麦品种 ,在 1995～ 2 0 0 0年已推广种植 4 70 0 0 0hm2 。同时还选育出一批啤酒大麦新品系 ,单 95 168将作为单二大麦的接班品种在生产上推广应用。     

云南啤酒大麦群体分蘖动态研究

对11个云南省啤酒大麦新品系分蘖期进行分析。结果表明:产量和有效穗显著相关,有效穗除了基本苗外,和其它几个性状有显著及极显著相关。分蘖动态云啤1号、云啤2号、港啤1号、大麦02-2、JB92-2和云啤5号分蘖早而快,啤酒大麦的群体分蘖也经历着从小-大-小的过程。     

驻大麦3号啤酒大麦新品种的选育

驻大麦 3号系河南省驻马店市农科所选育的高产优质、抗倒、耐渍、耐旱、耐寒、抗病、广适的啤酒大麦新品种。 2 0 0 1年 8月 31日通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种 4年 2 8点次品种区域试验 ,平均产量582 3 9kg/hm2 ,居前茅 ,平均比对照豫大麦2号增产 9 0 5% ,比苏引麦 2号增产7 92 %。经品质分析 ,蛋白质含量 1 0 3%～1 1 6 % ,千粒重 4 0 2～ 4 0 7g ,水分 1 2 3% ,发芽率、发芽势达 99%～ 1 0 0 % ,粒大均匀 ,淡黄色有光泽 ,浸出物 79%～ 80 % ,其理化性状符合优质啤酒大麦标准。据不完全统计 ,省内外示范推广面积达 3 3…     

大麦新品种浙皮6号的主要特性和栽培技术

1　选育经过大麦新品种浙皮 6号系浙江省农科院用92 0 34与浙皮 4号杂交经系谱选育而成。1 990年配置杂交组合 ,1 996年定系 ,编号浙96 - 1 1 3。 1 997～ 1 998年参加品比和多点试验 ,1 999～ 2 0 0 1年参加浙江省大麦区域试验 ,2 0 0 2年通过浙江省品审会鉴 (审 )定。已在海盐累计示范推广近 1万公顷。2　品比表现1 997～ 1 998年连续两年参加浙江省农科院品比试验 ,单产 (公顷产量 ,下同 )分别为350 4 0kg和 32 85 0kg ,分别比对照品种浙农大 3号增产 1 6 34%和 7 6 % ,增产显著。 1 998年嘉兴市区试比对照种秀麦 3号增产 2 59%。3　…     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.