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1.
To find out gene dose effect of each of the three homoeologous Wx genes and their interaction on the production of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS I) and amylose biosynthesis in the endosperm, Chinese Spring and its near-isogenic waxy types were crossed reciprocally and, obtained a plant population with varying doses of each Wx gene. The amount of GBSSI was increased linearly with increasing gene dose of either of Wxloci. In each of the three Wx loci, the change in amylose content was linear up to 3 doses, with a more potent capacity ofWx-B1a at any dose. Higher level of amylose production was observed in the reciprocal F1 grains than the expected effect of dose/s of each gene or additive effect of different allelic combination by artificially blend starches which have amylose produced by equivalent number ofWx alleles to that of relevant F1 cross. When Wx-B1a and Wx-A1a were combined, increase in amylase content was not in proportion to increase in gene dosage. The enhanced amylase synthesis was shown by 2-gene and 3-geneinteraction, indicating that not only type of the three Wx genes and its dose but the interaction among them have significant roles in determining the amylose content. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

2.
The use of the new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source PEF1 in sunflower hybrid breeding requires markers closely linked to the restorer gene Rf_PEF1 necessary for fertility restoration of hybrids based on the PEF1 cytoplasm as well as diagnostic markers to distinguish the PEF1 cytoplasm from other cytoplasms. Bulked segregant analyses of 256 AFLP primer combinations identified 35 polymorphic primer combinations with 1–3 polymorphisms, resulting in 40 polymorphisms. Eighteen AFLP markers mapped together with the Rf_PEF1 gene covering 119.9 cM. The closest markers, E39M51_300R and E44M56_112A, mapped 3.9 and 6.0 cM to the Rf_PEF1 gene, respectively. Six SSR markers, which belong to the linkage group 13, were screened for polymorphisms between the parental lines. Only ORS630 was polymorphic, but did not map to the same linkage group as Rf_PEF1, indicating that Rf_PEF1 is not located on linkage group 13 where the restorer gene Rf1 for the PET1 cytoplasm is located. Diagnostic markers to distinguish the PEF1 cytoplasm from the PET1 and the fertile cytoplasm in sunflower were obtained using primer combinations for the atp9 gene and orfH522.  相似文献   

3.
Traditionally, high amylose starch (HAS) from maize (Zea mays L.) has been mainly used as an ingredient in gum candies and as an adhesive for corrugated cardboard. Two recent advances have increased interest in the use of HAS. The first one has been the development of starch-based biodegradable thermo plastics. Second, high amylose maize is a source of resistant starch (RS), a type of starch that resists digestion. As a food additive, consumers can benefit from added RS since it will lower the glycemic index and the risk of colon cancer in accordance with recent research in food science. Normal maize has about 25% amylose starch. A maize inbred line, GEMS-0067 (Reg. no GP-550, PI 643420) possesses high amylose modifier gene(s) that, together with the recessive amylose extender (ae) gene, raises the starch amylose percentage to at least 70%. The objective of this study was to determine the gene effects, non-allelic interactions and heritability of high amylose content in maize using Bogyo’s triploid model. Nine populations were derived from a cross between H99ae, a maize inbred line with 55% amylose starch, and GEMS-0067. Data were collected from two locations in Missouri (MO) and South Dakota (SD) over 2 years (2005 and 2006). Incomplete dominance explained some of the inheritance of HAS. Maternal effects were also detected. The triploid models for MO and SD were separately established based on the corresponding data in 2005 and 2006. The additive and type 1 dominance effects in MO, and the additive, type 1 dominance, type 2 dominance, and additive × additive in SD were significantly different from zero meaning that those effects played an important role in amylose synthesis. Both broad-sense and narrow-sense heritabilities were high indicating that high amylose content could be effectively selected for in a segregating population.  相似文献   

4.
Starch structure and functionality have a significant impact on the utilization of cereal grains as food and feed. Starch viscosity characteristics are used to characterize rice cooking, processing and eating quality. In order to examine the genetics of viscosity characteristics, we developed molecular markers for five of the major enzymes involved in starch synthesis in the endosperm: granule bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, rice branching enzymes 1 and 3 and starch debranching enzyme. These markers were polymorphic in a cross between specialty rice varieties of diverging amylose content and viscosity characteristics. Our results indicate that the Waxy locus, encoding the gene for granule bound starch synthase, has a significant effect on peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosity. We estimate that the tightly linked (5–10 cm)locus for starch synthase may have a lesser, additive effect. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5.
Waxy barley referred to as low‐amylose or amylose‐free has special advantages in nutrition composition and food processing. Waxy gene encoding granule–bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) is responsible for amylose synthesis in barley. The G3935‐to‐T in Waxy gene has been previously found in amylose–free barley. In this study, G3935‐to‐T was proved to co‐segregate with the waxy phenotype of barley, but has no obvious effect on GBSSI catalytic activity and starch chain length distribution. However, recombinant inbred lines with G3935‐to‐T in Waxy gene are of significant modification in starch granules morphology and pasting properties, increase of grain β‐glucan content, and decrease of thousand kernel weight along with lower kernel width. A polymerase chain reaction with confronting two–pair primers marker was developed for economic and efficient screening of G3935‐to‐T. This study provides the basis for cultivar improvement of waxy barley then fully developing its potential value and utility in food processing.  相似文献   

6.
Y. Z. Xie    D. F. Hong    Z. H. Xu    P. W. Liu    G. S. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):145-149
A recessive epistatic genic male sterility (REGMS) two‐type line, 9012AB, has been used for rapeseed hybrid seed production in China. The male sterility of 9012AB is controlled by two recessive duplicate sterile genes (ms1 and ms2) interacting with one recessive epistatic suppressor gene (esp). Homozygosity at the esp locus (espesp) suppresses the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms1ms1ms2 ms2 plants. In this study, we used a combination of bulked segregant analyses and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to identify markers linked to the suppressor gene in a BC1 population. From the survey of 1024 AFLP primer combinations, eight markers tightly linked to the target gene were identified. The two closest markers flanking both sides of Esp, P9M5370 and S16M14780, had a genetic distance of 1.4 cM and 2.1 cM, respectively. The AFLP fragment from P4M8190, which co‐segregated with the target gene was converted into a sequence characterized amplified region marker. The availability of linked molecular markers will facilitate the utilization of REGMS in hybrid breeding in Brassica napus.  相似文献   

7.
Summary Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) catalyses the synthesis of amylose in starch granules. Analysis of antisense RNA mediated inhibition of GBSS gene expression in large numbers of tubers from in vitro grown, greenhouse grown and field grown transgenic potato plants revealed stable and total inhibition of GBSS gene expression in one clone. In three other transgenic genotypes partial and unstable inhibition was found. In these genotypes both GBSS activity and amylose content were remarkably reduced compared with the non-transformed control genotype. No relationship was found between the level of inhibition of GBSS gene expression and yield and dry matter content.  相似文献   

8.
The present work was conducted to identify microsatellite markers linked to the rice blast resistance gene Pi-1(t) for a marker-assisted selection program. Twenty-four primer pairs corresponding to 19 microsatellite loci were selected from the Gramene database (www. gramene.org) considering their relative proximity to Pi-1(t) gene in the current rice genetic map. Progenitors and DNA bulks of resistant and susceptible families from F3 segregating populations of a cross between the near-isogenic lines C101LAC (resistant) and C101A51 (susceptible) were used to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers associated to this gene through bulked segregant analysis. Putative molecular markers linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-1(t) were then used on the whole progeny for linkage analysis. Additionally, the diagnostic potential of the microsatellite markers associated to the resistance gene was also evaluated on 17 rice varieties planted in Latin America by amplification of the specific resistant alleles for the gene in each genotype. Comparing with greenhouse phenotypic evaluations for blast resistance, the usefulness of the highly linked microsatellite markers to identify resistant rice genotypes was evaluated. As expected, the phenotypic segregation in the F3 generation agreed to the expected segregation ratio for a single gene model. Of the 24 microsatellite sequences tested, six resulted polymorphic and linked to the gene. Two markers (RM1233*I and RM224) mapped in the same position (0.0 cM) with the Pi-1(t) gene. Other three markers corresponding to the same genetic locus were located at 18.5 cM above the resistance gene, while another marker was positioned at 23.8 cM below the gene. Microsatellite analysis on elite rice varieties with different genetic background showed that all known sources of blast resistance included in this study carry the specific Pi-1(t) allele. Results are discussed considering the potential utility of the microsatellite markers found, for MAS in rice breeding programs aiming at developing rice varieties with durable blast resistance based on a combination of resistance genes. Centro Internactional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) institute where the research was carried out  相似文献   

9.
T. Sugimoto    S. Yoshida    K. Watanabe    M. Aino    T. Kanto    K. Maekawa    K. Irie 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):154-159
To identify markers for the Phytophthora resistance gene, Rps1‐d, 123 F2 : 3 families were produced from a cross between Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Tanbakuro’ (a Japanese traditional black soybean) and PI103091 (Rps1‐d) as an experimental population. The results of virulence tests produced 33 homozygous resistant, 61 segregating and 29 homozygous susceptible F2 : 3 families. The chi‐squared test gave a goodness‐of‐fit for the expected ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 for resistant, segregating and susceptible traits, suggesting that the inheritance of Rps1‐d is controlled by a monogenic dominant gene. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses of this trait were carried out using the cultivars ‘Tanbakuro’ and PI103091. Sixteen SSR primers, which produced 19 polymorphic fragments between the two parents, were identified from 41 SSR primers in MLG N. Eight SSR markers were related to Rps1‐d, based on 32 of the 123 F2 : 3 families, consisting of 16 homozygous resistant and 16 homozygous susceptible lines. The remaining 91 families were analysed for these eight markers, and a linkage map was constructed using all 123 F2 : 3 families. The length of this linkage group is 44.0 cM. The closest markers, Sat_186 and Satt152, are mapped at 5.7 cM and 11.5 cM, respectively, on either side of the Rps1‐d gene. Three‐way contingency table analysis indicates that dual‐marker‐assisted selection using these two flanking markers would be efficient.  相似文献   

10.
A gibberellic acid-insensitive dwarfing gene in rye (ct1) was mapped in an F2 population on chromosome 7R close to the centromere. Two RFLP markers were found, which flank the gene at distances of 1 and 3 cM, respectively. A total of 11 markers were mapped on 7R of which six cluster around the centromere and show segregation distortion in the case of the codominant markers. The ct1 gene is closely linked to copies of both α-amylase and EmBP, as is the ct2 gene on chromosome 5R. Because of the different chromosomal locations of the GA3-insensitive dwarfing genes in rye and wheat it is concluded that these genes are not homoeologous. This is supported by further differences in their phenotypic and genotypic expressions.  相似文献   

11.
The granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS), starch branching enzymes 1 (SBE1)and 3 (SBE3) are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Available sequences of Sbe1 and Sbe3 genes encoding corresponding SBE1 and SBE3 have been used to identify homologous regions from genome databases of both the indica rice 93-11 and the japonica rice Nipponbare. Sequence diversities were exploited to develop gene-tagged markers to distinguish an indica allele from a japonica allele for both Sbe1 and Sbe3 loci. With these newly developed gene-tagged markers and available Wx gene markers, the roles of these starch-synthesizing genes (Sbe1, Sbe3, and Wx) in determining amylose content (AC) in the rice endosperm were evaluated using a double-haploid (DH)population derived from a cross between the indica rice cv. Nanjing11 and the japonica rice cv. Balilla. Only the Wx and Sbe3 loci had significant effects on the AC variation. On average, indica Wx a genotypes showed ∼9.1% higher AC than japonica Wx b genotypes, while indica Sbe3 a genotypes showed ∼1.0% lower AC than japonica Sbe3 b genotypes. A significant interaction was also observed between Wx and Sbe3 loci whereby the amylose content was 0.3% higher in Sbe3 a than Sbe3 b genotypes in the presence of the Wx a allele, but it was lower by 2.3% in the presence of the Wx b allele. Overall, polymorphisms at the Wx and Sbe3 loci together could account for 79.1% of the observed AC variation in the DH population. The use of gene-tagged markers in marker-assisted selection and gene functional analysis was also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
Rhizomania, one of the most important diseases of sugar beet, is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus, a Furovirus vectored by the fungus Polymyxa betae Keskin. Reduction of the production losses caused by this disease can only be achieved by using tolerant cultivars. The objective of this study was the identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to a rhizomania resistance gene. The RAPD markers were identified using bulked segregant analysis in a segregating population of 62 individuals derived by intercrossing plants of the resistant commercial hybrid GOLF, and the resistance locus was positioned in a molecular marker linkage map made with a different population of 50 GOLF plants. The resistance locus, Rr1, was mapped to linkage group III of our map of Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris, which consisted of 76 RAPDs, 20 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), three sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) and one sequence tagged site (STS). In total, 101 molecular markers were mapped over 14 linkage groups which spanned 688.4 cM with an average interval length of 8.0 cM. In the combined map, Rr1 proved to be flanked by the RAPD loci RA4111800 and AS71100 at 9.5 and 18.5cM, respectively. Moreover, in our I2 population, we found that a set of markers shown by Barzen et al. (1997) to be linked to the ‘Holly’ type resistance gene was also linked to the ‘GOLF’-type resistance gene. These results appeared to indicate that the rhizomania resistance gene present in the GOLF hybrid could be the same gene underlying resistance in ‘Holly’-based resistant genotypes. Two other explanations could be applied: first, that two different alleles at the same locus could have been selected; second, that two different genes at two different but clustered loci underwent the selection process.  相似文献   

13.
利用SRAP标记构建甘薯分子连锁图谱   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
以高淀粉甘薯品种漯徐薯8号为母本,低淀粉甘薯品种郑薯20为父本,杂交得到的F1分离群体的240个单株为作图群体,利用SRAP标记技术,共得到770个母本的多态性标记和523个父本的多态性标记,用JoinMap3.0软件和"双假测交"策略,分别构建了2个亲本的分子连锁图谱。其中漯徐薯8号的图谱包括由473个SRAP标记组成的81个连锁群,总图距为5802.46cM,标记间平均图距为10.16cM;郑薯20的图谱包括由328个SRAP标记组成的66个连锁群,总图距为3967.90cM,标记间平均图距为12.02cM。该高密度分子连锁图谱的构建,为甘薯分子标记辅助选择、基因定位及克隆研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

14.
M. Yamamori 《Euphytica》2009,165(3):607-614
In common and durum wheats (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.), variant waxy (Wx) alleles have been reported for three Wx proteins (Wx-A1, -B1 and -D1), responsible for amylose synthesis in flour starch. Five variant alleles, Wx-A1c, -A1e, -B1c, -B1d and -D1c, were examined to elucidate their effects on amylose content in flour starch. Common wheat lines carrying a Wx protein produced by one variant (e.g., Wx-A1c) and one control (e.g., Wx-A1a) allele were bred and their starches were compared. Results showed that Wx-A1e did not produce amylose (waxy phenotype), whereas three alleles (Wx-A1c, -B1c and -B1d) reduced amylose, and -D1c might have increased it slightly. Most data on blue value, swelling power and starch paste clarity in water and dimethyl sulphoxide also suggested the variant Wx alleles either reduced or increased amylose content.  相似文献   

15.
S. Taketa    T. Awayama    S. Amano    Y. Sakurai    M. Ichii 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(4):337-342
The hulled or naked caryopsis character of barley is an important agronomic trait because of the direct link to its use. A single recessive gene, nud, located on the long arm of chromosome 7H, controls the naked caryopsis character. Previously, linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) bands from bulked segregant analysis were screened, and the nud gene was mapped in a population of 151 F2 plants. In the present study, the aim was to construct a high‐resolution map of the nud gene towards its positional cloning. Two AFLP bands were converted into sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (sKT5 and sKT9), and a previously reported SCAR marker sKT3 was improved for more reliable detection of polymorphism. A total of 2380 segregants derived from five cross‐combinations were analysed, and the nud gene was flanked by sKT3 and sKT9, at the 0.6‐cM proximal and the 0.06‐cM distal side, respectively. The SCAR markers developed in this study should be useful for marker‐assisted selection in naked barley breeding employing crosses between naked and hulled accessions.  相似文献   

16.
The most important disease of Coffea arabica is coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix. The purpose of this study was to characterize the inheritance of coffee resistance gene(s) to race II of this pathogen and to identify and map molecular markers linked to this trait. Different populations were used: F2 (160 plants), BCr (20), and BCs (135), derived from a cross between the resistant genotype Híbrido de Timor UFV 427-15 and the susceptible cultivar Catuaí Amarelo UFV 2143-236 (IAC 30). The segregation analysis showed that the resistance of Híbrido de Timor to race II of the H. vastatrix is conferred by a single dominant gene. The amplification of 176 AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) primer combinations using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) allowed the identification of three molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. Genetic mapping of these three markers in the F2 population indicated that they are distributed on both sides, flanking the resistance gene. The markers E.CTC/M.TTT405 and E.CGT/M.TGT300 were found linked to the resistance gene at 8.69 cM (LOD 18.91) and 25.10 cM (LOD 5.37), respectively, while E.CCT/M.TTC230 was localized on the other side of the gene, at 20.50 cM (LOD 6.15). These markers are the first rust resistance markers identified in Híbrido de Timor and can be useful for marker assisted selection in coffee breeding programs.  相似文献   

17.
A. Ahmadikhah    G. I. Karlov 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(4):363-367
The wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS‐WA) system, an ideal type of sporophytic CMS in indica rice, is used for the large‐scale commercial production of hybrid rice. Searching for restorer genes is a good approach when phenotyping is very time‐consuming and requires the determination of spikelet sterility in testcross progeny. To establish more precisely the genetical and physical maps of the Rf4 gene, high‐resolution mapping of this locus was carried out using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and newly designed markers in a F2 population. The genetic linkage analysis indicated that five SSR markers (RM6737, RM304, RM171, RM5841 and RM228) on the long arm of chromosome 10 were linked with the Rf4 gene. Rf4 was flanked by two SSR markers RM171 and RM6737 at distances of 3.2 and 1.6 cM, respectively. Also, within the region between Rf4 gene and RM171, a newly designed primer pair, AB443, produced two sterile‐specific markers, AB443‐400 and AB443‐500, 0.5 and 1.03 cM from the gene. The flanking markers identified give promise for their application in molecular marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and they are also suitable for starting chromosome walking to clone Rf4 gene in the near future.  相似文献   

18.
Fertility restoration by dominant nuclear genes is essential for hybrid breeding based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) to obtain heterotic effects and high seed yields. In sunflower, only the PET1 sterility inducing cytoplasm has been used in commercial hybrid breeding until now. This particular male sterility was derived from an interspecific hybrid Helianthus petiolaris × H. annuus. For the recent work we used the segregating population RHA325(CMS) × HA342, based on the PET1 cytoplasm. Molecular markers were mapped within 1.1 cM around the restoration locus Rf1. At the distal side, the marker OP-K13_454 mapped at a distance of 0.9 cM and E32M36-155R at 0.7 cM from Rf1. At the proximal side the markers E44M70-275A, E42M76-125A and E33M61-136R were mapped at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 cM from the restorer locus, respectively. These markers provide an excellent basis for a map based cloning approach and for marker-assisted sunflower breeding.  相似文献   

19.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) techniques were used to map the _RGSpeking gene, which is resistant to most isolates of Cercospora sojina in the soya bean cultivar ‘Peking’. The mapping was conducted using a defined F2 population derived from the cross of ‘Peking’(resistant) בLee’(susceptible). Of 64 EcoRI and MseI primer combinations, 30 produced polymorphisms between the two parents. The F2 population, consisting of 116 individuals, was screened with the 30 AFLP primer pairs and three mapped SSR markers to detect markers possibly linked to RcsPeking. One AFLP marker amplified by primer pair E‐AAC/M‐CTA and one SSR marker Satt244 were identified to be linked to ResPeking. The gene was located within a 2.1‐cM interval between markers AACCTA178 and Satt244, 1.1 cM from Satt244 and 1.0 cM from AACCTA178. Since the SSR markers Satt244 and Satt431 have been mapped to molecular linkage group (LG) J of soya bean, the ResPeking resistance gene was putatively located on the LG J. This will provide soya bean breeders an opportunity to use these markers for marker‐assisted selection for frogeye leaf spot resistance in soya bean.  相似文献   

20.
S. Murakami    K. Matsui    T. Komatsuda  Y. Furuta 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(2):133-136
The Rfm1 gene restores the fertility of the msm1 and msm2 male‐sterile cytoplasms in barley. Rfm1 is located on the short arm of chromosome 6H. To develop molecular markers tightly linked to Rfm1 for use in sophisticated marker‐assisted selection and map‐based cloning, an amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system with isogenic lines and a segregating BC1F1 population was used. Nine hundred primer combinations were screened and a linkage map was constructed around the Rfm1 locus by using 25 recombinant plants selected from 214 BC1F1 plants. Three AFLP markers were identified, e34m2, e46m19 and e48m17, linked to the locus. The most closely linked markers were e34m2, at 1.0 cM distally and e46m19, at 1.1 cM proximally. The two AFLP markers were converted to dominant STS markers. These markers should accelerate programmes for breeding restorer lines and will be useful for map‐based cloning.  相似文献   

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