基于HPLC法11种枸杞鲜果β-胡萝卜素含量分析

为挖掘高β-胡萝卜素含量枸杞种质,对11种山西临汾产枸杞鲜果中β-胡萝卜素含量进行研究。选取11个品种枸杞鲜果样品,用高效液相色谱法测定β-胡萝卜素含量。采用C6-100B色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)进行分离,正己烷:甲醇(40∶60, V∶V)为流动相进行洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长为450 nm,柱温35℃,进样体积20μL。结果显示,β-胡萝卜素标准曲线在0.501 2～10.042 6 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,R2=0.999 8,加标回收率在92.4%～98.2%之间。检测限为0.5μg/100 g。11种山西临汾产枸杞子中β-胡萝卜素含量平均值分别为(200.98±10.51)、(200.71±3.04)、(271.40±5.76)、(103.04±4.96)、(162.89±3.88)、(212.20±5.78)、(68.92±1.18)、(124.20±10.40)、(120.82±1.95)、(103.56±2.40)和(98.55±1.84)μg/100 g。研究表明,11个品种枸杞鲜果的β-胡萝卜素含量差异极显著(P<0.01...     

不同干燥方式对胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素含量的影响

采用反相高效液相色谱法,ZORBAX SB-C18 250 mm×4 mm,5μm色谱柱,流动相为甲醇和乙酸乙酯,洗脱方式为线性梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 mL/min,检测波长为450 nm,建立RP-HPLC分离β-胡萝卜素的方法.该方法在2～200μg/mL内峰响应值与其浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r2为0.999 6.通过建立的RP-HPLC测定β-胡萝卜素的方法,测定真空冷冻干燥、真空干燥、热风干燥和热泵干燥得到的胡萝卜干制品中的β-胡萝卜素含量,并对其进行0.01水平上的差异显著性分析,结果表明温度和氧气是影响β-胡萝卜素含量的主要因素.     

用反相离子色谱法测定大麦草片剂中VB_1的含量

建立大麦草片剂中VB1的反相离子色谱的测定方法。测定方法为:色谱柱:UltimateTM column XB-C18,5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm;流动相:0.05 mol/L乙酸钠溶液和甲醇的体积比为60∶40;流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:激发波长375 nm,发射波长435 nm。结果表明,VB1质量为0.000 1～0.000 5μg,线性关系良好(R2=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.44%。该方法简单、专属性强、灵敏度高,适用于大麦草片剂中VB1的含量测定。     

GPC-HPLC法测定茶叶中多菌灵和甲萘威农药残留量

采用高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中多菌灵和甲萘威农药残留。样品通过乙腈提取,凝胶色谱净化（GPC）,在线浓缩,采用Waters C18柱（3．0×250mm×5μm）,乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速0．5mL／min进行分离,PDA检测器进行检测,波长为285．2nm和220．3nm,进样量5μL。回收率为84．5％～103．296;RSD为3．296～4．596;检测限多菌灵为0．1μg／mL、甲萘威为0．03μg／mL。     

普通小麦类胡萝卜素组分的超高效液相色谱分离方法

类胡萝卜素是影响小麦面粉及面制品颜色和营养品质的重要因素。本研究以中麦175 (软质麦)和中优206 (硬质麦)的面粉为试验材料,旨在优化小麦类胡萝卜素提取方法,建立超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography, UPLC)测定其组分的技术体系。研究表明,用含0.1% BHT的正己烷∶丙酮(80∶20, v/v)混合液作为提取液,结合恒温振荡法(300转 min^–1, 35℃, 振荡1 h)的提取效果最好。以YMC C30胡萝卜素分析专用色谱柱(高100 mm, 直径4.6 mm, 粒径3 µm)洗脱,乙腈∶甲醇∶水∶三乙胺(81∶14∶5∶0.05, v/v/v/v)为流动相A,甲醇∶乙酸乙酯∶三乙胺(68∶32∶0.05, v/v/v)为流动相B,流速0.4 mL min^–1,柱温35℃,分离时间25 min;以二极管阵列检测器(photodiode array, PDA)在450 nm波长下,能有效检测叶黄素、玉米黄质和β-胡萝卜素3种组分。该技术体系可作为普通小麦类胡萝卜素组分及营养品质研究的有效方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定太太美容口服液中芍药苷含量

采用高效液相色谱法建立了太太美容口服液中芍药苷含量的测定方法,即色谱柱为intersil型ODS-3柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.4%冰醋酸(31∶69),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为230 nm。结果表明,芍药苷的线性范围为0.098 9~0.989μg,R~2=0.999 9,平均回收率为100.2%(n=9),相对标准偏差为1.1%。该方法简便、快速、专属性好,可用于太太美容口服液的品质控制。     

HPLC法同时测定安徽产野葛、粉葛中6种异黄酮成分

以安徽葛根主产区收集的6种样品(太湖野葛、岳西野葛、金寨野葛、宣城野葛、六安粉葛、亳州葛根)为试材,建立高效液相色谱法同时测定安徽野葛、粉葛中葛根素、大豆苷、染料木苷、大豆素、染料木素、刺芒柄花素6种异黄酮类成分的含量,样品前处理采用30%乙醇超声波提取,采用Phenomenex Column luna C18(2)100A(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1 m L/min,柱温35℃,检测波长为250 nm。标准品在范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数R2分别为0.999 3、0.999 4、0.999 4、0.997 8、0.997 4、0.998 6,最低检出限分别为0.562 7、0.453 4、0.283 0、0.234 0、0.256 0、0.261 0μg/m L,精密度、稳定性和重现性良好,平均加标回收率分别为100.5%、99.3%、104.2%、98.6%、97.1%、104.5%。安徽产区的野葛与粉葛中葛根素等6种异黄酮含量差别显著。该方法准确、快速,操作简单,分离效果好,可用于野葛、粉葛中葛根素、大豆苷、染料木苷、大豆素、染料木素、刺芒柄花素6种异黄酮含量的同时测定。     

RP-HPLC测定干姜中6-姜酚的含量

采用RP-HPLC法,使用依利特ODS色谱柱(Hypersil,4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈—0.1%醋酸水溶液(55∶45)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长280 nm,柱温35℃,检测干姜中6-姜酚的含量。结果表明,标准曲线线性相关系数R为0.999 8;连续进样5次,测定的峰面积RSD为0.47%;同一样品3次检测结果的最大相对偏差为4.4%;适合于作为干姜中6-姜酚含量的测定方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定玉米幼苗叶片中4种酚酸类化合物

为研究干旱胁迫前后玉米幼苗叶片中4 种酚类物质的变化,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),以Thermo Scientific Syncronis C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)为分析柱,乙腈-0.5%乙酸溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,对不同品种玉米幼苗叶片中的没食子酸、香豆酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸含量进行测定。结果表明,4 种酚酸化合物的浓度在1~100 mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数R2均大于0.999,加标回收率和精密度RSD 结果均满足分析要求;玉米幼苗叶片中香豆酸含量较高、没食子酸含量较少,干旱胁迫后除咖啡酸外其他3 种酚酸含量均有下降;不同品种玉米幼苗叶片中4 种酚类物质的含量不同,且干旱胁迫后酚酸的含量变化不同,与其对干旱的敏感程度有关。     

RP-HPLC法测定保健食品中荷叶碱的含量

建立含荷叶类保健食品中反相高效液相色谱法检测荷叶碱的方法：色谱柱为Spherigel—C18柱（5μm,4．6mm×250mm）,流动相为0．1％三乙胺水溶液,乙腈梯度洗脱,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长278nm。荷叶碱在0．17μg／mL-21．2μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r为0．9983,最低检测限为0．03μg／mL（S／N=3）,最低定量限为0．9μg／mL（S／N=10）,三种样品的平均回收率为94．36％～96．86％,RSD小于3．04％。该方法具有流动相简单、分析时间短、且不需对样品进行衍生、操作简便、定量准确、抗干扰能力强等优点。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.