几种土壤处理除草剂防除花生田杂草效果报告

为明确土壤处理除草剂防除花生田杂草的效果和安全性,进行了田间小区试验,研究了几种土壤处理除草剂对花生田主要杂草的控制作用。结果表明,30%二甲戊灵悬浮剂等除草剂对花生田多种一年生杂草均有好的防除效果,安全性好,显著提高了花生的产量。     

花生田杂草化学防除现状及趋势

花生田杂草种类繁多,数量巨大,发生普遍,与花生争光、争肥、争水,直接影响到花生的产量和质量。杂草还是病虫害的寄主,可以助长病虫害的发生蔓延。人工锄草虽然可以除去杂草,但耗工耗时,且容易伤害花生幼苗。花生田化学除草具有不伤花生植株根系和茎叶,因而避免植株感染病害,且有省工、省时等作用。本文将花生田杂草化学防除现状及趋势综述如下。     

10种除草剂防除花生田杂草试验研究

为明确氧氟·乙草胺40％乳油等10种除草剂,防除花生田杂草的效果及对花生的安全性,采用田间小区试验的方法,观察了其对花生田主要杂草的控制作用和对花生产量的影响。结果表明：氧氟·乙草胺40％乳油等6种除草剂对花生田马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋等多种一年生杂草均有好的防除效果,鲜重防效均在90％以上,好于特丁净50％悬浮剂、扑草净50％可湿性粉刺处理的防效,显著提高了花生的产量。     

辽宁省花生田杂草的生态经济防治阈期研究

通过对辽宁省沈阳、庄河、昌图、阜新四地的田间试验,建立了花生田苗后有草日数或无草日数与产量损失率间的函数关系模型,明确了辽宁省花生田杂草的生态经济防治阈期为花生出苗后14～44d.在此期间保持田间杂草少于经济防治阈值,既可确保杂草造成的减产率低于3%,又能充分发挥杂草在生态系统中的积极作用.     

花生露地栽培化学除草配套技术

杂草是花生的大敌,花生地由于作物生长周期短,施肥水平高,灌溉条件好,有利于田间杂草生长。又因花生植株丛矮,叶片在阴天闭合,下层漏光多,抑制杂草能力不强,由于花生地中耕比较困难、费工,尤其是株间根际杂草很难清除,而这些杂草对花生的危害又很大。所以,化学除草剂在花生地上的应用具有重要意义。     

40%乙草胺·乙氧氟草醚乳油防除花生田杂草的效果

为明确40%乙草胺·乙氧氟草醚乳油防除花生田杂草的效果和对花生的安全性,进行了田间小区试验,观察其对花生田杂草的防效和对花生产量的影响。结果表明,40%乙草胺.乙氧氟草醚乳油660～720 ga.i./hm2对马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋等花生田杂草具有较好的防除效果,药后40 d鲜重防效达90%以上,对花生安全。     

花生田杂草的发生与化学防除

花生田杂草的发生与化学防除王从群（河南镇平县植保站４７４２５０）花生是我县的主要经济作物，但草害严重，为此笔者于１９９４年对当地花生田杂草的发生与化学防除进行了调查，结果简报如下。１花生田杂草种类镇平县花生田杂草共６科１９种，以禾本科和大朝科为主。其...     

异丙隆防除覆膜花生杂草试验

异丙隆防除覆膜花生杂草试验吴晓杰，刘宏（河北乐亭县植保站，０６３６００）乐亭县年种植地膜花生４０００公顷以上，覆膜花生田化学除草效果直接影响产量。花生田杂草种类多，单、双子叶杂草都有，为了寻找杀草谱广的除草剂，进行了异丙隆的药效试验，结果报道如下。１...     

金都尔96%EC防除花生田杂草田间药效试验

花生播种后杂草萌芽前，金都尔96％EC45ml/666.7m^2、60ml/666.7m^2对土壤进行喷雾施药，药后20d、45d对马唐、胜红蓟等我区旱田多种禾本科杂草和阔地杂草均有较高的防效，对花生生长安全。     

高效氟吡甲禾灵108克/升乳油花生田间药效试验

高效氟吡甲禾灵108克/升乳油防除花生田一年生禾本科杂草具有良好的防除效果,对花生前期生长及后期产量无不良影响,是一种较理想的花生田防除一年生禾本科杂草的除草剂。     

灭草松对花生的安全性及除草生物活性测定

灭草松防除花生田阔叶杂草反枝苋、马齿苋及莎草科杂草碎米莎草等具有很好的效果,施药后40 d株防效为80.54%～92.72%,鲜重防效为72.68%～90.00%。对花生安全性好,施药后花生未见叶片黄化、畸形及苗株矮化等药害症状。施药后40 d,花生株高及株重与人工除草无显著性差异。说明灭草松对花生安全,对产量无影响,除草、增产效果显著。     

山东省花生田杂草的发生及其化学防除

本文概括介绍了有关花生田中杂草的发生种类、危害规律等方面的一些主要研究结果 ,简短回顾了山东省花生田化学除草的发展历程及现状 ,指出了目前花生田化学除草存的问题及对策     

二点委夜蛾越冬场所调查初报

为了明确二点委夜蛾的越冬场所,为预测预报和防治提供科学依据,对玉米田、豆田、花生田、棉田、甘薯田等作物植株、地表和0~5 cm表土进行调查,记录二点委夜蛾幼虫的分布部位和数量。结果表明,在玉米植株苞叶、玉米田的麦秸和杂草下、豆田、棉田、花生田、甘薯田、冬瓜田植株下或落叶下、桃园、田边地头和废弃农田杂草下均发现有二点委夜蛾幼虫,以植株密度大、落叶多、地表覆盖程度高的棉田、豆田和花生田虫口密度高。说明二点委夜蛾食性杂,越冬场所复杂, 棉田、豆田、花生田和玉米田等多种作物田以及田间杂草均可为其越冬场所。     

Occurrence of bacterial wilt of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum and opportunistic infection of aibika (Abelmoschus manihot) in Papua New Guinea

Pseudomonas solanacearum , the cause of bacterial wilt was isolated from stems, roots and developing cotyledons of peanut and the stem of a single aibika plant growing in a subsistence garden in Port Moresby. The garden had been cleared and planted to peanut after a fallow of at least 2 years. The bacterium could not be isolated from roots or rhizosphere soil of locally growing grasses and weeds, nor could seed transmission be demonstrated in peanut.     

Physio-biochemical and nutrient constituents of peanut plants under bentazone herbicide for broad-leaved weed control and water regimes in dry land areas

The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional impact of irrigation levels (I₅₀, I₇₅ and I₁₀₀, representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices (bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dominant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronomic traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatment under I₅₀ significantly equaled with its counterpart under I₇₅ or I₁₀₀. Bentazone+hoeing once diminished weed biomass by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I₁₀₀ in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I₇₅ in 2017 were the superior combinations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatment of bentazone+hoeing once and I₇₅ recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium utilization percentage of peanut plants. Eliminating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I₅₀, I₇₅ and I₁₀₀, respectively. In conclusion, peanut seems to be tolerant to bentazone at moderate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds.     

26%氟磺胺草醚乙羧氟草醚水剂防除花生田阔叶杂草田间药效试验

为明确26%氟磺胺草醚.乙羧氟草醚水剂对花生田阔叶杂草的防除效果,掌握最佳使用剂量,对其进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,2 6%氟磺胺草醚.乙羧氟草醚水剂234~273 g/hm2对花生田阔叶杂草有明显的防除效果,茎叶喷雾处理15 d对试验地杂草的株防效可达85.7%~94.2%,30 d平均鲜重防效达86.3%~95.0%。     

稻草覆盖量对红壤旱坡地花生生长环境及产量形成的影响

针对江西季节性干旱发生的特点对红壤旱坡地花生生长的不利影响,研究不同的稻草覆盖量(1 500、3 000、4 500、6 000 kg·hm~(-2)和7 500 kg·hm~(-2))对红壤旱地花生生长及产量形成的效果。结果显示,随着稻草覆盖量的增加,花生田土壤湿度、温度和电导率的日变幅均相应降低,杂草发生量也相应减少,但花生的干物质生产量、根瘤量、成熟期绿叶残留量及产量则随着覆盖量的增加表现为先增后减的抛物线形状,并在稻草覆盖量为4500 kg·hm~(-2)的条件下表现最好。综合考虑稻草覆盖的防草、抗旱、增产效果,研究认为红壤旱坡地花生稻草覆盖量以4 500 kg·hm~(-2)左右为宜。     

甲草胺对非靶标生物的毒理学研究进展

甲草胺是一种选择性芽前除草剂,在20世纪末期被广泛应用于防治大豆、花生、水稻田等一年生禾本科及阔叶杂草.目前,甲草胺由于其致畸性及内分泌干扰活性已被多国禁用.文章综述了甲草胺进入环境后对非靶标生物的毒理学研究进展,主要包括急性毒性、慢性毒性和氧化应激效应等,旨在为甲草胺生态环境风险评估提供数据资料.     

二点委夜蛾越冬虫态及其在越冬场所的空间分布调查初报

为了明确二点委夜蛾越冬虫态及其空间分布,为二点委夜蛾的预测预报提供科学依据,通过对模拟大田自然环境观测区和大田环境下不同类型作物田二点委夜蛾越冬情况的系统调查,明确了二点委夜蛾是以休眠的老熟幼虫结一土茧或叶茧越冬,在空间分布上主要是在地表,占越冬幼虫的77％以上,部分叶茧在覆盖物中越冬.棉田、花生田、豆田、药材田、杂草地等多种田块的残留秸秆枝叶覆盖地为其越冬场所.棉田、豆田、杂草地的越冬存活率研究表明,棉田越冬存活率相对较大,秸秆覆盖厚度对存活率影响不显著.