无血清悬浮培养BHK21细胞增殖伪狂犬病毒的参数研究

旨在筛选适合生物反应器悬浮培养BHK21细胞的无血清培养基,并利用该技术培养伪狂犬病毒。通过筛选市售的无血清培养基,以细胞形态、细胞活率和增殖倍数作为驯化指标,对BHK21细胞进行无血清驯化;对使用10 L和40 L生物反应器无血清悬浮培养BHK21细胞的参数进行研究;同时利用筛选的无血清培养基和悬浮细胞进行伪狂犬病毒增殖测试。结果表明,市售培养基Ⅰ符合筛选要求,其培养的细胞形态比较均一,结团少,细胞生长2 d的增殖倍数为3.5倍,细胞活率在95%以上;生物反应器悬浮培养BHK21细胞的最适参数为转速80 r/min、pH值7.2、DO 60%;利用该工艺技术培养伪狂犬病毒,当接种细胞密度为6×10⁶ cells/mL,接毒剂量为0.3%时,48 h收获的病毒液滴度可达10^9.5 TCID₅₀/mL。该试验实现了伪狂犬病毒的无血清悬浮生产,为其生产工艺的优化提供了可能。     

猪伪狂犬病毒DQ株的分离鉴定和生物学特性的研究

从黑龙江大庆某猪场采集流产死亡的仔猪大脑、扁桃体等病料组织接种BHK-21细胞,分离到1株病毒,经PCR检测、直接荧光法检测,血清中和试验,证实分离到的病毒为伪狂犬病毒,命名为PRV DQ株,该病毒经克隆纯化后测得其毒价为108.36TCID50/ml,对热、胰蛋白酶、氯仿、乙醚敏感,15日龄哺乳仔猪接种该分离株后发病死亡。     

An experimental inactivated virus vaccine against bovine ephemeral fever 1. Studies of the virus

Studies were carried out to find methods for obtaining optimum yields of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus and for concentrating the virus in order to develop inactivated virus vaccines. Cells from the SVP cell line, which was derived from the pig kidney PS cell line, were most satisfactory for growing and assaying BEF virus. BHK 21 and Vero cells also gave similar yields of virus but were not as useful for virus assay. A plaque assay in SVP cells, in which there was 0.1 μg of actinomycin D per ml of overlay, produced reproducible clear plaques and was slightly more sensitive than assays in BHK 21 cell roller tubes. High multiplicities of infection (MOI), around 1 PFU/cell, produced low yields of infectious virus, whereas decreasing the MOI approximately 100-fold led to an increase in virus yield of up to four logs. BEF virus could be concentrated using zinc acetate or ammonium sulphate but not polyethylene glycol 6000. Ammonium sulphate proved most suitable and produced an easily handled precipitate with up to 100% recovery of virus infectively, and 100-fold concentration was possible. This concentrated virus could be rapidly desalted by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75. The virus could be further purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation provided the gradient contained a protein stabilizer of 0.1% bovine serum albumin. Inactivation kinetics with 0.025% β-propiolactone was similar to that reported for other rhabdoviruses.     

不同启动子对重组痘苗病毒表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因的影响

以血凝素（ＨＡ）基因为侧翼，将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因ｃＤＮＡ置于不同类型的痘苗病毒复合启动子下游，构建了４种表达质粒。重组表达质粒转染已感染ＷＲ株痘苗病毒的ＢＨＫ２１细胞，并通过鸡红细胞吸附试验，筛选、纯化出与表达质粒对应的４组ＨＡ－重组痘苗病毒：ｖＳＦＪ１－１０ＲＶｇｐ，ｖＳＦＪ２－１６ＲＶｇｐ，ｖＲＪ１－１０ＲＶｇｐ，ｖＲＪ２－１０ＲＶｇｐ。经间接免疫荧光试验（ＩＦＡ）鉴定，从４组重组病毒中每组各鉴定出１株阳性重组病毒。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测显示，重组病毒感染的ＢＨＫ２１细胞裂解物上清中有１种蛋白与抗ＲＶＧＰ的ＭｃＡｂ发生特异反应，分子量为６９０００。在重组病毒感染早期，ＲＶＧＰ的表达量以ｖＳＦＪ１－１０ＲＶｇｐ最高；而在感染晚期，则以ｖＳＦＪ２－１６ＲＶｇｐ最高。４株重组病毒免疫小鼠，均能够不同程度地诱导小鼠产生抗ＲＶＧＰ特异性抗体。     

Host cell modulation of foot-and-mouth disease virus procapsid synthesis

BHK21 (clone 13S) cells of high (BHK-SH) and low (BHK-SL) passage number were infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subtypes A24, A25 and C3. While the amount of virus specific RNA produced in BHK-SH cells was 25% of that in BHK-SL cells and the virion production was 27% (C3) to 53% (A24) lower, the synthesis of viral proteins was comparable, associated with an accumulation of procapsids in BHK-SH cells. The results suggest that changes in viral infection pattern with increasing BHK21 cell passage number should be considered in FMDV vaccine production.     

应用电镜技术对狂犬病毒ERA株污染鼠痘病毒的检出

狂犬病毒ERA株BHK21细胞上增殖并用电镜技术跟踪观察。结果发现除了有少量的目的毒外，还混有大量的痘病毒，经鼠痘酶标抗体检测试剂盒检测为鼠痘病毒。该病毒很可能是来自做复壮狂犬病毒ERA株毒力试验的小白鼠。     

犬呼肠病毒3型在BHK-21细胞上增殖的研究

采用酶标ＳＰＡ法进行了犬呼肠３ 型病毒在ＢＨＫ２１ 细胞上定位的研究。结果表明：接毒后６ ｈ 即可在胞浆见到絮状阳性反应,２４ ｈ 后呈强阳性着染;Ｈ．Ｅ．染色在胞浆内可见强嗜酸性着染或嗜酸性包涵体,提示可能是病毒感染引起的特征性病变,感染后细胞病变发展较快,６０ ｈ 细胞大部脱落;病毒血凝滴度结果也证实了细胞病变与病毒增殖有关。     

利用RNAi抑制口蹄疫病毒的复制

根据口蹄疫病毒 IRES和 L 串联序列两侧的保守区域设计了 2个引物 ,利用 RT- PCR和 PCR方法扩增出该串联序列 ,并进行了测序。测序结果表明 ,扩增产物与 Gen Bank上相应的序列具有很高的序列同源性 (大于 99% )。在测序的基础上 ,选择了 L 基因上的 1个靶位点 (位于启始密码子下游第 2 2 9nt后 2 1 nt长的序列 ) ,合成了 si RNA表达盒SEC- L2 2 9。细胞单层长成 5 0 %～ 70 %时 ,将纯化的 SEC- L2 2 9转染到 BHK细胞中 ,转染 4 h后用高感染复数 FMDV接种 ,2 4 h后用间接免疫荧光方法对口蹄疫病毒在 BHK细胞中的复制进行检测。研究结果表明 ,SEC- L 2 2 9极大地抑制了口蹄疫病毒在 BHK细胞中的复制 ,且该抑制作用具有序列特异性 ,并降低了 BHK细胞的死亡率。另外 ,2 5 ng和5 0 ng SEC- L2 2 9处理组间对病毒复制的抑制作用差异不明显 ,可能是病毒基因组发生了突变。本试验表明 ,利用 PCR方法合成的 SEC在 BHK细胞中能特异性地抑制 FMDV的复制 ,RNAi技术可能为防治口蹄疫提供一个新的途径     

冷藏保存BHK21细胞悬液及复苏试验

采用方瓶存放BHK21细胞悬液,在2℃～8℃冰箱存放不同时间后,按常规方法进行细胞复苏和传代。对比存放不同时间后细胞复苏时的驯化次数、细胞数量和细胞活力,寻求最佳存放时间和复苏代次以指导生产。同时将2℃～8℃冷藏保存方法与液氮冻存细胞方法在细胞复苏周期和达到所需扩繁细胞数方面进行比较。结果表明,方瓶冷藏保存BHK21细胞悬液最长可存放60d,经2—5代驯化后,细胞形态和活力恢复正常,细胞数量与收悬液前细胞数量无显著差异,并能稳定传20代以上。与液氮冻存细胞方法相比,该方法在快速恢复细胞产量时有较大优势,在生产周期紧张的情况下可作为辅助方法保障细胞传代的延续。     

Propagation of virulent and avirulent turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus in cell culture

Virulent and apathogenic isolates of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) were successfully propagated in lymphoblastoid cell lines of turkey origin, whereas spleen and kidney cell cultures from HEV-infected turkeys failed to replicate the virus. The lymphoblastoid cell lines used were MDTC-RP16 and MDTC-RP19, which were previously established from tumors induced by Marek's disease virus in turkeys. Virus replication followed co-cultivation of lymphoblastoid cells with spleen cells from HEV-infected turkeys. Virus replication was demonstrated by immunofluorescence, by agar-gel-precipitin tests, and by electron microscopy. Supernatant fluid of cultures infected with virulent HEV caused death and specific lesions in turkey poults. Poults vaccinated with apathogenic HEV were protected against death and lesions after challenge with pathogenic HEV, which was recovered from infected cultures. The MDTC-RP19 cell line appeared far more susceptible than the MDTC-RP16 cell line to infection with HEV.     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP2基因在真核细胞中的表达以及对宿主细胞增殖的影响

鸡传染性贫血是危害养禽业的重要疫病之一,其病原体是鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)。该病原广泛存在于世界各地,是危害养禽业的主要病原。VP2是该病毒的重要非结构蛋白,其对宿主细胞的确切作用还不十分清楚。本文通过PCR从病毒DNA中扩增出VP2基因并将VP2基因亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA4.0。将重组质粒转染至BHK细胞,经Western-blotting证实,转染的真核细胞能表达VP2蛋白并具有良好的抗原性。pcDNA4.0-VP2转染293T或BHK细胞后,与对照组(空载体转染细胞以及未转染的细胞)相比,VP2超表达对这两种细胞的增殖没有影响。该结果表明鸡传染性贫血病毒的VP2基因不影响宿主细胞的增殖。     

Isolation and serial propagation of turkey rotaviruses in a fetal rhesus monkey kidney (MA104) cell line

Turkey rotaviruses from the intestinal contents of poults were isolated and serially propagated in MA104 cell monolayers by a simple procedure. The initial virus isolation was done by low-speed centrifugation of the inoculum onto the monolayers, and subsequent passages were accomplished in roller-tube monolayers using trypsin-treated virus suspensions. Each of the turkey rotavirus isolates possessed the morphologic, antigenic, and genomic attributes characteristic of turkey group A rotaviruses. Attempts to isolate and serially propagate turkey rotavirus-like viruses in MA104 cell monolayers by this procedure were unsuccessful. Turkey reoviruses also did not serially propagate in MA104 cell monolayers by this procedure.     

新城疫病毒在不同的细胞上增殖特性的研究

研究新城疫病毒（Ｎｅｗｓｃａｓｔｌｅ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ Ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＮＤＶ）可,弱毒株在不同的传代细胞的生物学特性。Ｆ４８Ｅ８强毒株在ＢＨＫ、Ｖｅｒｏ和ＣＥＦ中都能增殖并产生细胞病变,而Ｖ４生弱毒株不能在ＢＨＫ和Ｖｅｒｏ中增殖,当ＭＥＭ含１０ｕｇ／ｍＬ胰蛋白酶时,ＮＤＶ弱毒株在Ｖｅｒｏ中能较好地复制,将Ｖ４株在Ｖｅｒｏ中传代培养后,Ｖｅｒｏ中传代的Ｖ４毒株的ＨＡ较低,但毒力增强,ＢＨＫ中传代的Ｖ４毒     

Arboviruses recovered from sentinel cattle using several virus isolation methods

A group of 20 sentinel steers was bled weekly for 5 months in 1986 and the blood samples were examined for arboviruses by inoculation firstly into embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), baby mice, Aedes albopictus cells and BHK21 monolayers. A second group of cattle was similarly examined for virus in 1987, except that baby mice were not used. Viruses were recovered from 26% of the 878 weekly bleeds. The viruses identified consisted of 14 types belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD), Palyam and Simbu groups with a single isolation of bovine ephemeral fever virus. The ECE system was found to be the best for isolating bluetongue and Simbu viruses, though the eggs were not usually killed by the inoculum. The ECE and A. albopictus systems were equally sensitive for recovering EHD viruses, while Palyam group viruses were most efficiently isolated in BHK21 monolayers.     

一株水貂犬瘟热病毒的分离与鉴定

为寻找免疫失败的原因,有效防治犬瘟热的流行,对临床一水貂犬瘟热疑似病例,取其肝、脾、脑等组织研磨后接种Vero和BHK细胞分离病毒,并对分离毒株进行一系列鉴定。通过电镜观察,发现了大小约150 nm的副黏病毒样粒子。结果表明,分离株对鹅、鸡、小鼠、家兔、山羊、猪红细胞均无凝集性,该分离株的毒价TCID50为10-4.87;分离株病毒对乙醚、氯仿敏感,病毒的核酸型为RNA。经间接免疫荧光试验,接种病毒的BHK细胞出现特异性的亮绿色荧光。对分离株和对照毒株分别提取RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,最后得到与预期扩增片段(294 bp)相符的核酸电泳带,充分证明分离病毒为犬瘟热病毒。     

悬浮培养工艺与转瓶培养工艺的比较分析

采用反应器全悬浮培养BHK21细胞生产口蹄疫病毒与微载体悬浮培养Vero细胞生产狂犬病毒分别与相应的转瓶培养工艺生产案例对比分析,比较悬浮培养工艺与转瓶培养工艺的生产效益。分析显示,与转瓶培养工艺相比,反应器悬浮培养工艺获得的细胞密度、病毒效价、产品的产量和质量明显提高,生产时的能耗和劳动力需求明显降低。结果表明悬浮培养工艺的生产效益明显高于转瓶培养工艺,适宜于国内生物制品工业化生产的升级换代。     

Propagation of group II avian adenoviruses in turkey and chicken leukocytes

An avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus isolate (HEV-A) as well as a virulent one (HEV-V), both belonging to the group II avian adenoviruses, were successfully propagated in turkey leukocyte cell cultures. HEV antigens were detected as early as 12 hr after infection of the cells, using HEV-specific monoclonal antibodies in a fluorescent antibody test, and virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in the nuclei of infected cells at 18 to 24 hr after infection. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of HEV in the nuclei of nonadherent cells, as well as in adherent cells. The nonadherent infected cells had the characteristics of immature mononuclear leukocytes, whereas the adherent cells had monocyte-macrophage characteristics. HEV produced in turkey leukocytes was mostly cell-associated, particularly with the nonadherent cells. HEV-A could be serially passed in turkey blood leukocyte cultures at least seven times. Various methods employed to culture virus indicated that cells grown in spinner cultures were superior to cells grown in stationary cultures. In contrast to the successful infection of HEV in turkey leukocytes, the infection of chicken leukocytes with either HEV or splenomegaly virus of chickens, or turkey leukocytes with splenomegaly virus, was poor.     

Electron microscopy studies on the proliferation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell cultures. III. Morphogenesis in cytoplasm]

The previous parts have been concerned with the participation of the cell nucleus in the formation of the RNA of FMD virus. However, the actual morphogenesis of the virus takes place in cytoplasm. In BHK cells, changes attributable to virus infection were visible by the second hour, with the formation of threads and large polysome complexes near the nucleus. Viral particles soon appeared between these structures. There were no pronounced foci of viroplasma, and it seemed that they were not necessary. Simultaneously new membranes formed in the cell. Clumps of viral particles were next visible in the cxtoplasma. The clumps became enveloped and were transported in this way to the periphery of the cell. Elsewhere there was uptake of particles in autophagic vacuoles, an expression of cellular defensive processes. In ultra-thin sections the virions measured 21-25 nm. Within vacuoles the inner part of the virus, the nucleoid, showed greater contrast than the periphery, the capsid. At first there were only slight changes in mitochondria. Liberation of virus by cell rupture occurred only after severe damage to the cell, particularly the lysosome membranes.     

Efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against Marek's disease

A bivalent vaccine was prepared by combining inactivated Marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. The efficacy of this vaccine, compared to turkey herpesvirus and inactivated Marek's disease virus separately, was studied in unsexed White Leghorn chicks which were vaccinated at one day old and then challenged at 21 days old with fowl blood infected with virulent Marek's disease virus. The bivalent vaccine appreciably delayed mortality resulting from Marek's disease and elicited the highest protective efficacy as judged on the basis of Marek's disease-specific mortality and percentage occurrence of lesions. The occurrence, extent and severity of gross lymphomas and microscopic lymphoproliferative lesions in various organs of the bivalent vaccinated birds were less than in the other challenged groups. In addition, the level of viraemia remained consistently and significantly lower in the bivalent vaccinated birds.     

口蹄疫病毒O型OXH0312株灭活疫苗的制备及其检验

对口蹄疫O型OXH0312病毒株进行了牛体感染、乳鼠适应传代和细胞适应传代等生物学特性的研究,并对制备的细胞毒配制的疫苗进行了免疫原性测定。结果显示,该毒株从细胞毒13代(BF13)起,病变时间趋于稳定,14代至17代是一个相对平台期,病变时间稳定在11 h之内;用乳鼠测定病毒毒价稳定在107.68/0.2 mL左右,传到21代时,效价开始下降。用15代、16代和17代病毒液制备3批疫苗进行PD50的测定,3批成品苗的PD50分别为3.80、4.20、3.00。说明该毒株具有比较稳定的生物学特性和良好的免疫原性,可以做为生产用后备种毒。